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1.
大肠癌的发生率在逐年上升,近年美国已达46/10万,国内一些比较发达的城市已达30/10万,因此大肠癌已成为发达国家和地区导致死亡的主要疾病之一。通过揭示癌变发生机理的不同,有人将大肠癌分为两类:一类称为染色体不稳定性大肠癌(CIN),它涵盖了80%以上的散发性大肠癌,其发生的始动因素主要是APC基因缺陷,经过多阶段、多基因突变而致癌; 相似文献
2.
遗传性非息肉性大肠癌(hereditary nonpolyp-osis colorectal cancer,HNPCC)又称Lynch综合征,分为两类:LynchⅠ综合征(又称遗传部位特异性结异性结直肠癌)和LynchⅡ综合征(又称癌症家族综合征),LynchⅠ综合征家系中,结直肠癌是唯一的一种恶性肿瘤; 相似文献
3.
遗传性非息肉病性大肠癌的诊治及随访监测 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的 探讨遗传性非息肉病性大肠癌(HNPCC)临床特点,提出诊治及随访监测措施。方法 对筛查对象进行家族调查及随访监测,按HNPCC诊断标准发现病例,按结肠直肠癌的外科手术原则治疗。结果 发现来自4个家族11例HNPCC,均为Lynoh I型,病理结果为腺癌,按TNM分期,I期8例仍生存,Ⅱ期1例术后18个月死亡,Ⅲ期2例分别术后3个月及10个月死亡。结论 该病有年轻发病特点,早期发现行根治性手术治疗预后良好。对筛查对象应从25岁起,每2年一次行全结肠镜检查;女性从25~35岁起行子宫内膜活检或经阴道镜检查,是目前发现早期HNPCC简单、有效、实际、可行的方法。 相似文献
4.
遗传性非息肉病性大肠癌临床表型分析 总被引:17,自引:2,他引:17
目的 探讨我国遗传性非息肉病性大肠癌(HNPCC)患者的临床表型,为临床辨认HNPCC家系提供依据。方法 选择符合阿姆期特丹Ⅱ和日本的HNPCC标准的34个HNPCC家系为研究对象。研究发病的一般规律:(1)确诊时的年龄和性别;(2)绘出家系图;(3)肿瘤发生的部位(包括肠外癌);(4)同时多原发结肠癌;(5)异时多原发结肠癌;(6)临床表现。结果 (1)34个家系中,18岁以上的家族成员共612人,确诊HNPCC的患者140例,女性47例,男性93例。(2)34个家系均为常染色体显性遗传。(3)确诊时的中位年龄为45.3岁,50岁以前发病者占62.1%,60岁以前发病者占87.1%;(4)154个原发癌灶中,肠外癌灶31个(20.1%),其中胃癌占肠外癌的41.9%(13/31),大肠癌灶123个(79.9%)。116例大肠癌患者中,右半结肠癌占66.4%(77/116),左半结肠癌占33.6%(39/116)。(5)同时多原发癌5例,其中2例为3次多原发癌,3例为2次多原发癌;异时多原发癌6例(含肠外癌)。结论 本组HNPCC的临床特点为(1)发病年龄比西方患者更年轻;(2)右半结肠癌的比例高;(3)大肠癌的垂直传递特征突出;(4)肠外癌以胃癌比例较大;(5)同时原发癌和异时原发癌较多。 相似文献
5.
遗传性非息肉病性结直肠癌(HNPCC)不同于散发的结直肠癌,其发病机制至今仍未研究透彻。它的发病基础主要是DNA错配修复基因系统的缺陷,如hMLH1、hMSH2等,不能把复制过程中出现的DNA序列的错误纠正过来,从而引起了肿瘤的发生。另外,它还与微卫星不稳定性有关,如CpG岛的甲基化。转化生长因子β/Smad、Wntβ/-catenin信息通路参与了HNPCC的侵袭和转移过程。 相似文献
6.
目的分析遗传性非息肉病性结直肠癌(HNPCC)家系临床及病理特点。方法收集符合Amsterdam标准Ⅱ的8例HNPCC家系资料,绘制家系图谱。结果HNPCC发病率为1.59%,8个HNPCC家系总发病人数为31例,其中结直肠癌患者为25例,肠外相关肿瘤6例,8例先证者中6例为女性,2例为男性,4例发病年龄小于40岁,发病部位位于右半结肠为2例,左半结肠3例,直肠3例,组织学分型以中至低分化腺癌为主;均未出现淋巴结及远处转移;8例先证者错配修复(MMR)蛋白表达异常的为5例。结论HNPCC先证者发病年龄轻,组织学分型较好,家系成员发病率高,对其家族成员进行定期检查和及时治疗将能有效地预防其发生并降低死亡率;MMR基因突变检测对提高HNPCC的诊断起重要作用。 相似文献
7.
目的研究遗传性非息肉病性结直肠癌的分子病理特征,评估该病在北京地区住院人群中的发病情况。方法 94例结直肠癌组织标本均采集自2012年3~9月于北京市中西医结合医院及解放军总医院住院接受手术治疗并经病理确诊为结直肠癌的患者。使用免疫组化方法对肿瘤组织内错配修复基因MLH1、MSH2、MSH6及PMS2的蛋白表达情况进行检测。结果 94例结直肠癌患者中,至少有一种错配修复基因表达为阴性的共有13例,其中MLH1表达为阴性的有3例,MSH2表达为阴性的有11例,MSH6表达为阴性的有2例,PMS2表达为阴性的仅有1例,遗传性非息肉病性结直肠癌的发病率为13.83%,MSH2基因突变所占比例达84.62%,与遗传性非息肉病性结直肠癌国际合作组织提供的数据(40%)相比,差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。结论北京地区住院的结直肠癌患者中,遗传性非息肉病性结直肠癌发病率高于世界每年新发病例的水平,且MSH2基因突变致病尤为突出。 相似文献
8.
遗传性非息肉病性大肠癌诊治研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
遗传性非息肉病性大肠癌(HNPCC)是一种由错配修复基因(MMR)突变造成的常染色体显性遗传病。MMR家族中以hMLH1和hMSH2突变为主。HNPCC在大肠癌体系中占有重要的比例,约占大肠癌的1%~5%。其与散发性大肠癌的一个显著不同之处在于HNPCC患者肠外肿瘤的发病风险亦较高。作者就HNPCC的诊断和治疗研究进展进行了综述。 相似文献
9.
遗传性非息肉病性结直肠癌家庭肠外肿瘤病变特点分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的 通过分析遗传性非息肉病性结直肠癌 (HNPCC)肠外肿瘤的病变特点来探讨其发病规律。方法 采用Amsterdam标准Ⅱ收集HNPCC家系 ,对收集的 9个家系进行病例查阅、随访和回顾。结果 在 9个家系中 ,有 2 1例肠外肿瘤发生 ,4例为同步肿瘤 ,1 7例为异步性肿瘤。常见的为胃癌和子宫内膜癌。结论 大肠外肿瘤是HNPCC家系的重要组成部分 ,我国常见的为胃癌和子宫内膜癌。对其家系成员应定期随访监测 相似文献
10.
[临床资料 ] 患者男 ,1 935年生 ,1 988年 1月因患升结肠癌行右半结肠切除术。术后病理报告 :结肠腺癌 ,Dukes B期。 1 992年 7月患直肠癌行 Miles手术 ,术后病理 :直肠腺癌 ,Dukes A2 期。 1 994年 1 2月发现右股部肿瘤 ,行姑息性手术切除 ,病理报告 :脂肪肉瘤。随访 1 0月死亡。患者之兄 1 990年 6月 60岁时患结肠癌 (肝曲段 ) ,行右半结肠切除术。术后病理 :结肠腺癌 ,Dukes B期。 1 996年 1 1月患降结肠癌 ,行左半结肠切除术。术后病理 :结肠腺癌 ,DukesA2 期。术后随访至今无复发。患者之弟 1 994年 5月5 4岁时患结肠癌 (脾曲段 )… 相似文献
11.
Background Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPPC) is one of the most common genetic syndrome related with mutation of human mismatch repair genes. This study was to evaluate the clinical significance of suspected hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (sHNPCC) criteria I and the clinical and genetic features of International Collaborative Group-HNPCC (ICG-HNPCC) and sHNPCC families.
Methods Twenty-nine ICG-HNPCC families fulfilling the Amsterdam criteria and 34 sHNPCC families fulfilling the sHNPCC criteria I were collected. PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing analysis were employed to screen the germline mutations of the hMLH1 and hMSH2 genes in these families.
Results The ICG group had more colorectal cancer (CRC) patients per family than did the suspected group (P<0.05). No statistical difference was observed in Lynch classification and familial tumor spectrum. In both groups of families, colorectal cancer was the most frequent malignancy, and carcinomas of the stomach, pancreas and uterus were the three most common extracolonic malignancies. Mutation screening showed that ICG-HNPCC and sHNPCC families had a similar mutation rate (31.0% vs 29.4%, P>0.05), mutation type, and mutation distribution. Comparison of the families with and without mutation showed no significant difference in CRC patients per family, Lynch classification, and tumor spectrum.
Conclusions ICG-HNPCC and sHNPCC families that have similar clinical manifestations and genetic basis indicate a similar nature for cancer development. The application of sHNPCC criteria I will facilitate clinical diagnosis and treatment of small families.
相似文献
Methods Twenty-nine ICG-HNPCC families fulfilling the Amsterdam criteria and 34 sHNPCC families fulfilling the sHNPCC criteria I were collected. PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing analysis were employed to screen the germline mutations of the hMLH1 and hMSH2 genes in these families.
Results The ICG group had more colorectal cancer (CRC) patients per family than did the suspected group (P<0.05). No statistical difference was observed in Lynch classification and familial tumor spectrum. In both groups of families, colorectal cancer was the most frequent malignancy, and carcinomas of the stomach, pancreas and uterus were the three most common extracolonic malignancies. Mutation screening showed that ICG-HNPCC and sHNPCC families had a similar mutation rate (31.0% vs 29.4%, P>0.05), mutation type, and mutation distribution. Comparison of the families with and without mutation showed no significant difference in CRC patients per family, Lynch classification, and tumor spectrum.
Conclusions ICG-HNPCC and sHNPCC families that have similar clinical manifestations and genetic basis indicate a similar nature for cancer development. The application of sHNPCC criteria I will facilitate clinical diagnosis and treatment of small families.
相似文献
12.
目的:分析中国人遗传性非息肉病性大肠癌(HNPCC)家系的临床特征并检测这些家系中M3胆碱能受体基因(A)8区的突变情况.方法:根据2003年4月杭州会议制定的中国人HNPCC家系标准收集HNPCC家系共15个,分析其临床特征;提取先证者的外周血基因组DNA,PCR扩增M3胆碱能受体基因第8外显子中一段长153 bp,包含有微卫星位点(A)8的基因片段,直接进行DNA测序.结果:15个家系共有恶性肿瘤患者55例,其中大肠癌患者41例,平均每个家系发生大肠癌2.73例,73%的大肠癌患者发病年龄<50岁,51%的病灶位于近端结肠,40%发生在直肠肛门,同时和异时多原发大肠癌总发生率为12%,2/3的家系属于Lynch Ⅱ型,共发生肠外恶性肿瘤14例(18个),其中胃癌最常见.15例先证者外周血中无1例检测到M3胆碱能受体基因(A)8区的突变.结论:M3胆碱能受体基因与中国人群中HPNCC的发病可能无密切关系.中国人HNPCC家系标准应在临床工作中推广应用,并进一步验证其合理性和科学性. 相似文献
13.
王琼英 《第二军医大学学报》2013,34(6):696-696
1病例资料患者,女,28岁,因"下腹部逐渐增大1个月,加重伴纳差1周"于2010年8月15日收住入院。患者平素体健,无激素等特殊用药史,入院前1个月无明显诱因体质量明显增加(约30kg)。患者父母体健,但有3位亲属(爷爷及2位姑母)分别患直肠癌、乳腺癌并直肠癌、卵巢癌,且均病故。入院后查体:体温 相似文献
14.
Background At least five mismatch repair (MMR) genes, including hMSH2, hMLH1, hPMS, hPMS2, and hMSH6/GTBP, are associated with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). More than 90% of families with HNPCC harbor the hMSH2and hMLH1 gene mutations. We have analyzed the clinical features of HNPCC among Chinese patients and report the results of screening for mutations in the hMSH2 and hMLH1 genes.
Methods The data concerning gender, site of colorectal cancer (CRC), age at diagnosis, history of synchronous and/or metachronous colorectal cancer, instance of extracolonic cancers, and histopathology of tumors for 126 patients from 28 independent families with HNPCC were collected. Fifteen of the families met the Amsterdam I criteria, and 13 met the Japanese clinical criteria for diagnosis. Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral lymphocytes. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) were used to screen the coding region of the hMSH2 and hMLH1 genes. Samples showing abnormal DHPLC profiles were sequenced.
Results One hundred and seventy malignant neoplasms were found in the 126 patients, of whom 23 had multiple cancers. Ninety-eight of the patients (77.8%) had colorectal cancers, with an average age at onset of 45.9 years and a right-sided predominance. Eight hMSH2 or hMLH1 gene sequence variations were found in 12 families, and a germ-line G204X nonsense mutation in the third exon of hMSH2 was found, representing the first mutation in an MMR gene ever found in people of Chinese Mongolian ethnicity.
Conclusions HNPCC is a typical autosomally dominant hereditary disease, characterized by early onset, a predominance of proximal colorectal cancer, and multiple synchronous and metachronous colorectal cancers. DHPLC is a powerful tool for detecting mutations in the hMSH2 and hMLH1 genes, Mutations in the first nine exons of the hMLH1 gene were more common in Chinese patients. 相似文献
Methods The data concerning gender, site of colorectal cancer (CRC), age at diagnosis, history of synchronous and/or metachronous colorectal cancer, instance of extracolonic cancers, and histopathology of tumors for 126 patients from 28 independent families with HNPCC were collected. Fifteen of the families met the Amsterdam I criteria, and 13 met the Japanese clinical criteria for diagnosis. Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral lymphocytes. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) were used to screen the coding region of the hMSH2 and hMLH1 genes. Samples showing abnormal DHPLC profiles were sequenced.
Results One hundred and seventy malignant neoplasms were found in the 126 patients, of whom 23 had multiple cancers. Ninety-eight of the patients (77.8%) had colorectal cancers, with an average age at onset of 45.9 years and a right-sided predominance. Eight hMSH2 or hMLH1 gene sequence variations were found in 12 families, and a germ-line G204X nonsense mutation in the third exon of hMSH2 was found, representing the first mutation in an MMR gene ever found in people of Chinese Mongolian ethnicity.
Conclusions HNPCC is a typical autosomally dominant hereditary disease, characterized by early onset, a predominance of proximal colorectal cancer, and multiple synchronous and metachronous colorectal cancers. DHPLC is a powerful tool for detecting mutations in the hMSH2 and hMLH1 genes, Mutations in the first nine exons of the hMLH1 gene were more common in Chinese patients. 相似文献
15.
探讨遗传性非息肉病性大肠癌(hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer,HNPCC)肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(Tumor infiltrating lymphocyte,TIL)计数高于散发性大肠癌(sporadic colorectal carcinoma,SCRC)可能的原因。方法应用免疫组织化学MaxVisionTM染色方法检测20例HNPCC及20例SCRC标本的凋亡相关蛋白因子配体(FasL)蛋白的表达及肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(TIL)数量、分布情况。另选正常大肠黏膜20例作为对照。结果 HNPCC、SCRC癌细胞及正常大肠粘膜细胞FasL蛋白的表达阳性率分别为30%、70%、0%,3者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);遗传性非息肉病性大肠癌TIL数量高于散发性大肠癌(P<0.05),且其分布与FasL蛋白的表达为负相关关系(r=-0.483,P<0.05)。结论 HNPCC癌细胞FasL蛋白相对低表达或缺失可能是TIL记数高于散发性大肠癌和较之预后较好的重要原因之一。 相似文献
16.
[摘要]目的探讨华东汉族人群中生存素(survivin)基因与原发性肝细胞癌(HCC)的相关性。方法采用病例对照研究,在江苏省海门市收集176例HCC病例和196例健康对照。应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法对survivin基因的rs9904341和rs1042489两个位点进行基因分型,在不同的遗传模式下分别分析rs9904341和rs1042489位点的基因型及其单倍型与HCC的关系。结果单因素分析表明,在不同的遗传模式下,rs9904341及rs1042489两个位点的基因型及等位基因分布在HCC病例组及对照组间的差异均无统计学意义。连锁不平衡(LD)分析发现,rs9904341与rs1042489两个位点间存在LD(χ2=4.777,P=0.03),HCC病例组及对照组中两个位点的连锁不平衡常数D’分别为0.188和0.183。采用多因素Logistic回归分别在不同的遗传模式下进行单倍型分析,根据赤池信息量准则(AIC)值最小原则筛选出隐性遗传模式下的模型为最优模型,在隐性遗传模式下,控制饮酒、乙肝史等因素后,以不具有rs9904341C-rs1042489T(C-T)单倍型为参照,具有C-T单倍型者HCC的发病风险下降(OR=0.48,P=0.04),未发现其他与HCC有关的单倍型;多因素分析还显示HBsAg+及乙肝史为HCC的危险因素,但未发现单倍型与环境因素的交互作用。结论在华东汉族人群中,未发现survivin基因的rs9904341及rs1042489位点多态性与HCC的发病有关,但rs9904341C-rs1042489T单倍型可能是HCC的保护单倍型。 相似文献
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中国人遗传性非息肉病性结直肠癌相关肿瘤谱及累计发病风险 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
目的:探讨中国人遗传性非息肉病性结直肠癌(HNPCC)相关肿瘤谱和累计发病风险,为制定HNPCC诊治方案提供依据.方法:随访31个HNPCC家系中167例肿瘤患者,以Kaplan-Meier生存曲线法估计各种肿瘤发生比例和累计发病风险.结果:167例HNPCC相关肿瘤患者的首发肿瘤中,结直肠癌135例(80.8%),胃癌10例(6.0%),子宫内膜癌8例(4.8%),卵巢癌3例(1.8%),膀胱癌、乳腺癌、肺癌和脑胶质瘤各2例(分别占1.2%),肝癌、胰腺癌和胆囊癌各1例(分别占0.6%).70岁时,大肠癌发生累计发病风险为93.3%,肠外肿瘤发生累计发病风险为56.1%.结论:中国人HNPCC肿瘤谱中,胃癌发生率较高;40~60岁大肠癌发生风险最大,50岁后肠外肿瘤发生风险明显增加. 相似文献
18.
多重连接依赖的探针扩增技术检测中国人遗传性非息肉病性结直肠癌错配修复基因大片段缺失 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
目的了解中国人遗传性非息肉病性结直肠癌(HNPCC)家系hMSH2和hMLH1基因大片段缺失特点。方法采用多重连接依赖的探针扩增(MLPA)技术和GeneMapper分析技术检测17个HNPCC家系先证者hMSH2和hM-LH1基因种系大片段缺失。结果在3个家系中分别发现hMSH2基因第8外显子、1~6外显子和1~7外显子3种大片段缺失类型,未发现hMLH1基因大片段缺失。大片段缺失占hMSH2和hMLH1基因总种系病理性突变的19%。结论中国人HNPCC错配修复(MMR)基因大片段缺失发生率较高,hMSH2基因缺失可能更为常见。在分子遗传学检测中有必要开展MMR基因大片段缺失的检测。 相似文献