不孕不育患者解脲脲支原体培养及耐药性研究

目的 了解不孕不育患者解脲脲支原体感染及耐药现状。方法 对168例不孕不育患者进行解脲脲支原体培养检测及体外药敏试验。结果 不孕不育患者感染解脲脲支原体阳性率34．5％，药敏结果显示对米诺环素和多西环素敏感高，均〉90％；其次为克拉霉素、阿奇霉素、交沙霉素，敏感率〉50％；对司帕沙星的耐药率最高，达37．9％。结论 解脲脲支原体在不孕不育患者中感染率较高，阳性患者对司帕沙星等抗菌药物耐药，诊治不孕不育应将支原体检查及其药敏试验作为常规检测项目。     

4378例泌尿生殖道支原体感染及耐药性分析

目的:了解本地区患者泌尿生殖道支原体的感染和药敏情况,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法:收集2008年-2010年来我院就诊患者的分泌物进行支原体培养和药敏试验。结果:8307例患者中检出支原体4378例,支原体培养阳性率为52.7%。4378例支原体阳性病例中单纯Uu感染的有3357例(40.4%),单纯Mh感染的有145例(1.7%),Uu和Mh混合感染的有876例(10.5%)。多发年龄为20岁～40岁,女性多于男性。药敏结果显示,支原体对多西环素,交沙霉素,米诺环素敏感性高,敏感率在91.2%～97.9%。与解脲脲原体的耐药率相比,人型支原体感染与混合感染时,耐药率更高。结论:支原体感染的治疗应根据感染病原体的类型和药敏试验结果合理应用抗生素。     

生殖道解脲脲支原体与不孕不育的关系及耐药性分析

目的 研究生殖道解脲脲支原体(Uu)感染与不孕不育之间的关系及其耐药性.方法 采用培养技术,对医院不孕不育门诊的160对不孕不育夫妇及30对正常妊娠夫妇生殖道分泌物进行生殖道Uu检测,同时分析菌株的耐药性,对比两组人群生殖道Uu感染的差异性.结果 160对不孕不育夫妇中,男性、女性Uu感染率分别为31.25％、40.62％,30对正常妊娠夫妇中,男、女Uu感染率分别为10.00％、16.67％,不孕组与对照组Uu感染率比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),药敏分析敏感性较高的依次为米诺环素、多西环素、交沙霉素,耐药性最高的是红霉素.结论 不孕不育患者生殖道Uu感染率明显高于正常妊娠人群,Uu感染可能是男女不孕不育的一种诱因,治疗时首先选用敏感性较高的米诺环素、多西环素、交沙霉素.     

泌尿生殖道支原体培养及药敏结果分析

目的探讨解脲脲支原体和人支原体在泌尿生殖道系统感染中的致病作用及其对抗生素的敏感情况。方法对989例泌尿生殖道系统感染患者进行支原体培养和10种抗生素药敏试验。结果989例患者中支原体阳性683例,感染率为69.1%,解脲脲支原体、人支原体以及解脲脲支原体 人支原体混合感染的阳性率分别为55.1%、2.2%和11.8%,女性感染率明显高于男性(P<0.01),支原体对10种抗生素敏感性最高的是多西环素94.1%,其次为阿奇霉素88.7%、交沙霉素86.1%、米诺环素84.9%、克拉霉素81.9%。结论泌尿生殖道系统感染患者支原体感染的阳性率为69.1%,主要由解脲脲支原体引起,占79.8%,应首选多西环素进行治疗。     

泌尿生殖道支原体感染的特征及耐药分析

目的 了解泌尿生殖道支原体的感染情况及耐药现状,指导临床合理用药.方法 支原体的鉴定和药敏采用珠海黑马生物工程公司的支原体鉴定药物选择测试卡.结果 在1103份标本中,418份检出支原体,阳性率为37.9%;解脲脲支原体感染的268例,人支原体感染的13例,解脲脲支原体和人支原体混合感染的137例;支原体感染以中青年为主(20～45岁),占阳性患者的80.1%,对支原体敏感的药物以次为多西环素、米诺环素、四环素、交沙霉素、克拉霉素等.结论 支原体是泌尿道感染的常见病原体,应重视支原体的感染及其耐药性的变迁,为临床医生用药提供参考.     

丽水地区泌尿生殖系统支原体属感染及耐药性分析

目的了解丽水地区泌尿生殖系统支原体属感染及耐药性。方法采用珠海迪尔试剂盒对3074份标本进行支原体属培养,并做药敏分析。结果 3074份标本中检测出支原体属1924株,阳性率62.59%,其中单纯解脲脲支原体(Uu)阳性1236例,单纯人支原体(Mh)阳性60例,Uu+Mh阳性628例,阳性率分别为40.21%、1.95%、20.43%;3种不同感染类型的支原体属对常用抗菌药物表现出不同程度的耐药性,其中对交沙霉素、米诺环素、多西环素的敏感性最高。结论丽水地区泌尿生殖系统支原体属感染相当普遍,以Uu为主,合并Uu+Mh次之;交沙霉素和米诺环素是治疗泌尿生殖道支原体属感染的首选药物。     

465例女性生殖道感染支原体属检测及耐药性分析

目的 了解支原体属在女性生殖道的感染状况及其耐药性,为临床治疗提供参考依据.方法 应用支原体属培养、鉴定、药敏一体化试剂盒对465例女性生殖道感染患者送检标本进行培养,观察支原体属生长及对抗菌药物的敏感性.结果 465例支原体属感染患者中解脲脲支原体(Uu)感染408例,占87.8％；人支原体(Mh)感染22例,占4.7％;Uu+Mh混合感染35例,占7.5％；支原体属对交沙霉素、多西环素、米诺环素敏感率较高,分别为98.1％、97.2％、96.8％,对喹诺酮类抗菌药物有很强的耐药性.结论 女性生殖道支原体属感染患者中以Uu感染为主,交沙霉素、多西环素、米诺环素是治疗Uu感染的首选抗菌药物.     

女性生殖道支原体感染及其对常用抗生素的耐药性分析

目的了解女性生殖道支原体感染及耐药情况。方法应用支原体培养试剂盒进行检测,对580例支原体培养阳性结果进行分析。结果女性生殖道支原体感染阳性率44.96%,其中解脲支原体(UU)阳性占90.69%,人型支原体(MH)阳性占2.07%,UU-MH阳性占7.24%,对交沙霉素、左氧氟沙星、米诺环素耐药性较低,UU-MH混合感染耐药性增高,且有多重耐药性。结论本地区女性生殖道支原体感染宜用交沙霉素、左氧氟沙星、米诺环素治疗,支原体培养和药敏试验结果有助于指导临床合理用药。     

泌尿生殖道支原体属与衣原体属感染及药敏结果分析

目的探讨运城地区疑似非淋菌性尿道炎(NGU)患者,支原体属和沙眼衣原体(Ct)的感染及支原体属的耐药率,为临床医师抗感染治疗提供依据。方法用支原体属试剂盒培养法对解脲脲支原体(Uu)和人支原体(Mh)进行分离鉴定和药敏试验,用胶体金标法测沙眼衣原体(Ct)。结果 1012例标本中分离出解脲脲支原体471株占46.5%,高于人支原体28株占2.8%及解脲脲支原体和人支原体混合感染75株占7.4%(P<0.01),沙眼衣原体134株占13.2%;支原体属对常用药物有不同程度的耐药,Uu感染对红霉素、氧氟沙星的耐药率最高,分别为76.7%、80.0%;对多西环素、米诺环素的敏感率较高,分别为75.5%、73.3%;Mh感染中,交沙霉素、米诺环素、多西环素、甲砜霉素敏感性较高,分别为81.4%、69.9%、67.3%、51.2%;在Uu与Mh混合感染中,耐药率普遍增加,对多西环素、米诺环素、交沙霉素的耐药率较低,分别为18.7%、23.6%、31.8%。结论可以将多西环素、米诺环素、交沙霉素、甲砜霉素作为运城地区临床初步治疗支原体属感染的首选药物,以后根据药敏试验调整抗菌药物;解脲脲支原体是非淋菌性尿道炎的主要病原菌,支原体属和衣原体属可以引起混合感染,监测支原体属的耐药性对指导合理用药有重要意义。     

延边地区泌尿生殖道支原体感染状况及药敏分析

目的了解延边地区泌尿生殖道解脲支原体和人型支原体的感染状况及其对抗生素的敏感性。方法应用支原体培养、鉴定、药敏试剂盒,对2009年10月-2011年3月2 486例可疑支原体感染者的泌尿生殖道标本进行Uu和Mh检测,阳性者测定其对9种抗生素的敏感性。结果检出支原体阳性934例,检出率为37.57%;朝鲜族支原体阳性者617例,阳性率66.06%,汉族支原体阳性者317例,阳性率12.75%,朝鲜族阳性者高于汉族;Uu阳性714例,Mh阳性101例,Uu+Mh阳性119例;Uu对交沙霉素最敏感,其次为多西环素、司帕沙星、米诺环素;Mh对交沙霉素最敏感,其次为米诺环素、多西环素,司帕沙星;Uu+Mh阳性对交沙霉素和米诺环素敏感。结论延边地区泌尿生殖道支原体感染以Uu为主;对泌尿生殖道支原体进行药物敏感性检测,可为临床治疗用药提供可靠依据。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.