Pyrogenicity and Immunogenicity of Lipid A Complexed with Bovine Serum Albumin or Human Serum Albumin

The lipid A component of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (endotoxins), when complexed to bovine serum albumin (BSA) or human serum albumin (HSA), was shown to be a potent pyrogen. Furthermore, rabbits could be protected against endotoxin fever by immunization with both lipid A.BSA and lipid A.HSA complexes. The results presented in this paper show that lipid A is responsible for the pyrogenic activity of endotoxins and their ability to induce pyrogenic immunity.     

L-肉碱对NAFLD脂肪肝大鼠肝脏线粒体能量代谢及抗氧化能力的影响

研究L-肉碱对NAFLD脂肪肝大鼠肝脏线粒体能量代谢及抗氧化能力的影响.脂肪肝大鼠48只,随机分为对照组、肉碱组、运训组和肉碱+运训组.运训组和肉碱+运训组进行6周运动,肉碱组和肉碱+运训组每日灌胃一次肉碱(500 mg/kg).6周后各组大鼠进行力竭运动,即刻麻醉取出肝脏提取线粒体,测定线粒体呼吸链酶RCCI~IV活性及自由基代谢相关指标.与对照组比,肉碱组大鼠肝脏线粒体呼吸链RCCII,运训组RCCI、RCCIII,肉碱+运训组RCCI、RCCII、RCCIII活性均显著提高.与肉碱组比,肉碱+运训组RCCI、RCCIII活性显著提高.与运训组比,肉碱+运训组RCCI活性显著提高.与对照组比,肉碱组、肉碱+运训组大鼠肝脏线粒体GSH-Px活性显著提高;与对照组比,三组SOD 活性显著提高,MDA含量降低.与肉碱组比,肉碱+运训组SOD活性显著提高;与运训组比,肉碱+运训组GSH-Px活性显著提高.补充L-肉碱、运动、L-肉碱+运动均可提高非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠肝脏线粒呼吸链酶活性,提高线粒体能量代谢速率及抗氧化损伤能力,补充L-肉碱结合运动训练组效果更加显著.     

Quantitative Precipitin Studies on Fowl Antisera to Bovine Serum Albumin and to Bovine Gamma Globulin

Quantitative precipitin tests have been carried out with fowl antisera to BSA and BGG using isotopically labelled antigens. The peculiarities of fowl precipitating antisera raise analytical difficulties which are most easily overcome by the use of labelled reagents. The results have confirmed the importance of the NaCl concentration of the medium in determining the amount of antibody precipitated. An apparent anomaly in the AbN/AgN ratio curves may be explainable in terms of the properties of `heavy' and `light' antibodies in fowl sera. A rapid method for the analysis of fowl sera for precipitins is described.     

Effect of Antibodies to Nerve Growth Factor and Serum Albumin on the Development and Behavior of Mice

We studied physical development, behavioral characteristics, and learning capacity in the offspring of mice immunized with nerve growth factor and bovine serum albumin. High titer of antibodies to these factors in the blood of pregnant females determines high levels of these antibodies in the blood of their pups. These changes modulate physical development, behavior, and learning capacity of rat pups. The effects of these antibodies differed in the strength and directionality. Antibodies to nerve growth factor more markedly retarded physical development, reduced learning capacity, and considerably increased pain thresholds in animals.     

甘草酸表面修饰万乃洛韦白蛋白纳米粒的制备及其肝靶向性研究

以万乃洛韦为模型药物 ,去溶剂化法制备普通载药纳米粒 ,结合高碘酸盐氧化法制备甘草酸 -万乃洛韦白蛋白纳米粒偶联物。对其表面甘草酸密度、形态、大小及其分布、体外释药特性、载药量、包封率、动物体内肝分布和体外肝细胞的摄取情况进行了研究。修饰纳米粒表面甘草酸密度为 9;平均粒径 d0 .5=2 6 8± 2 3nm;载药量1.35 % ;包封率 6 8.76 % ;体外释药符合双相动力学规律 ;对肝细胞具有选择靶向性。静注 15 min后 ,有 6 9.89%集中在肝脏 ,对照组为 6 4 .82 % ,二者之间存在显著差异 (P<0 .10 )。甘草酸表面修饰白蛋白纳米粒制备成功 ,为肝细胞靶向给药提供了新途径。     

Interactions between Bovine Serum Albumin and Oxidized Sodium Alginate in Solution

This paper focuses on the interactions between oxidized sodium alginate (OSA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) at the molecular level with the purpose to provide basic information for optimizing the biological utilization and pharmaceutical applications of OSA. The results revealed that OSA could strongly quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA through a static quenching procedure. The thermodynamic parameters, enthalpy change (H) and entropy change (S), were also calculated. The process of binding was a spontaneous process in which Gibbs free energy change was negative. The distances between donor (BSA) and acceptor (OSA) were calculated to be 2.41, 2.54 and 2.84 nm for SA–BSA, 10% OSA–BSA and 30% OSA–BSA systems, based on Förster non-radiative energy transfer theory, respectively. The results of synchronous fluorescence spectra showed that binding of OSA with BSA cannot induce conformational changes in BSA. Meanwhile, the OSA with low degree of oxidization (DO% 30%) was non-cytotoxic. Therefore, OSA could be promising as a bioactive compound carrier.     

Immunomodulation of Delayed Hypersensitivity to Methylated Bovine Serum Albumin (MBSA) in Mice Using Subliminal and Normal Sensitization Procedures

Delayed hypersensitivity (DH) was induced in the footpads of mice sensitized to methylated bovine serum albumin (MBSA). The magnitude of this DH response increased with increasing sensitizing concentration of MBSA. Levamisole administered 1 hr prior to MBSA challenge stimulated the DH response and this was optimal using subliminal sensitizing concentrations of antigen. A number of antirheumatic agents, immunomodulators mediator antagonists and antiallergies were subsequently examined using the subliminal sensitizing concentration of MBSA. The same drugs were also evaluated using a normal sensitizing procedure. These studies indicate that the sensitizing concentration of antigen is critical in establishing whether a drug will stimulate or suppress a DH response.     

Immunomodulation of Delayed Hypersensitivity to Methylated Bovine Serum Albumin (MBSA) in Mice Using Subliminal and Normal Sensitization Procedures

Abstract

Delayed hypersensitivity (DH) was induced in the footpads of mice sensitized to methylated bovine serum albumin (MBSA). The magnitude of this DH response increased with increasing sensitizing concentration of MBSA. Levamisole administered 1 hr prior to MBSA challenge stimulated the DH response and this was optimal using subliminal sensitizing concentrations of antigen. A number of antirheumatic agents, immunomodulators mediator antagonists and antiallergies were subsequently examined using the subliminal sensitizing concentration of MBSA. The same drugs were also evaluated using a normal sensitizing procedure. These studies indicate that the sensitizing concentration of antigen is critical in establishing whether a drug will stimulate or suppress a DH response.     

牛血清白蛋白∕纳米羟基磷灰石粒子复合体系对红细胞影响的体外实验研究

目的评价牛血清白蛋白／纳米羟基磷灰右粒子复合物（Bovine Serum Albumin／Nano—Hydroxyapatite，BSA／Nano—HAP）在体外实验中对红细胞的影响。方法溶血实验及渗透脆性实验评价BSA／Nano—HAP对兔红细胞的影响，并对材料与红细胞共培养后做细胞形态学观察，Bradford法检测不同粒径的HAP与BSA的吸附量，绘制吸附等温线，Nano—HAP与BSA共吸附后作红外光谱分析。结果BSA／Nano—HAP与兔红细胞共培养后未引起溶血和细胞聚集现象，Nano—HAP对BSA有强烈的吸附作用，作用位点主要在BSA的酰胺Ⅰ带、酰胺Ⅱ带、[COO]基团与羟基磷灰石的[Ca^2＋]、[OH^-]、[PO4^3-]基团上。结论BSA／Nano—HAP与红细胞共培养后，细胞形态正常，并且保持了红细胞正常的悬浮忡，有望成为一种向液相容性较为理想的生物材料。     

荧光素与牛血清白蛋白相互作用物的荧光光谱及测试应用

研究了荧光素与牛血清白蛋白（BSA）相互作用的荧光光谱及其最佳测试条件和影响因素。在pH2．2，荧光素-牛血清白蛋白复合物的荧光强度最大，其激发波长（Ex）为467nm，发射波长（Em）为515nm。在BSA1．8～500mg／L范围内，该复合物荧光强度与BSA浓度成线性关系，F：25．776C＋2．8082，r=0．9999。该法简单、快速、灵敏、稳定、成本低。     

聚多巴胺辅助溶胶-凝胶TiO_2薄膜表面固定牛血清白蛋白

在钛表面涂覆溶胶-凝胶TiO2薄膜,再利用聚多巴胺薄膜结合牛血清白蛋白(BSA)分子,以改善血液相容性。X射线光电子能谱分析表明TiO2薄膜表面形成了聚多巴胺薄膜和BSA分子层。接触角测试结果表明聚多巴胺薄膜和BSA分子层使试样的接触角升高,但表面能和界面张力下降。血液相容性实验表明,与TiO2涂层试样相比,结合BSA分子的试样具有更好的抗凝血性能和抗血小板聚集性能。     

Binding of Candida albicans to Immobilized Amino Acids and Bovine Serum Albumin

In this study, we examined the binding of Candida albicans synchronized yeast-phase cells to plastic, immobilized amino acids and bovine serum albumin (BSA) and quantified the binding by using an XTT tetrazolium salt assay and absorbance determination. Our results show that C. albicans binds efficiently and specifically to several nonpolar aliphatic amino acids and positively charged amino acids and to BSA immobilized on tissue culture plastic but not to polar uncharged, negatively charged, or aromatic amino acids. Adhesion of yeasts to immobilized amino acids was not affected by preincubation of cells with BSA, whereas binding to immobilized BSA was affected by preincubation of yeasts with alanine, proline, and leucine but not by arginine or lysine. The ability to distinguish the chirality of these amino acids was also examined by using both the d and l amino acid configurations, and the results show that C. albicans yeasts recognize only the l configuration of these amino acids. The observations that C. albicans specifically binds to certain amino acids indicate that these amino acids may prove useful tools for studying the binding interactions of C. albicans yeasts with host proteins such as components of the extracellular matrix.Candida albicans is a prevalent and troublesome opportunistic yeast which can cause a variety of superficial and disseminated deep-seated mycoses (3, 20). The most serious complications of the disease are the development of the disseminated infections, resulting in endocarditis, nephritis, and endophthalmitis. The ability of Candida to attach to different types of host surfaces is currently undergoing extensive investigation as a potential new area for therapy (16) and is considered to be one of the initial steps in the pathogenesis of the organism (9, 18). For example, Candida has been shown to adhere to a variety of different surfaces, including plastic and epithelial and endothelial cells, and to the extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin, type IV collagen, laminin, and entactin (6, 9, 14, 15, 18, 21), of which the adhesion process is highly dependent on the nature of the Candida cell surface and that of the substratum (2, 9, 18). Furthermore, several postadhesion events, such as the synthesis of new Candida surface proteins and tyrosine phosphorylation of a number of proteins (1) and phagocytosis and damage of endothelial cells by C. albicans (5), can occur.Several adhesion studies employing antibody, radiolabelling, or microbiological assays have demonstrated the binding of C. albicans to plastic, to human serum proteins such as albumin and transferrin, and to several extracellular matrix proteins (2, 9, 10–12, 19). The influence of Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-containing peptides on the binding of C. albicans to extracellular components has also been examined (9). In this study, we used XTT tetrazolium salt, which is reduced to the blue-black formazan product by metabolically active cells, and a 96-well microtiter format to study the adhesion of C. albicans to plastic or substrate-coated surfaces. We show that C. albicans yeasts can bind specifically to immobilized bovine serum albumin (BSA) and to certain immobilized amino acids and that the binding of yeasts to amino acids is stereospecific.     

Effect of Largehead Atractylodes Rhizome on Serum Albumin Level and Intestinal Mucosa Morphology in Rats with Cerebral Hemorrhage

Objective To evaluate the effect and mechanism of largehead atractylodes rhizome on the serum albumin level and jejunal mucosa morphology in rats with cerebral hemorrhage. Methods The cerebral hemorrhage rat model was established by using a simple grouping experimental design method to detect the serum albumin level and the morphological parameter of the jejunal mucosa in the treatment and control groups on Day 1, 7 and 14 after cerebral hemorrhage. Results Compared with the control group, the serum albumin was increased in the treatment group on Day 1 and 7 after the operation (P<0.05), the small intestinal villus height and mucosal thickness were significantly decreased on Day 1, and the small intestinal villus height, villus area and mucosal thickness were all significantly increased (P<0.01). Conclusion Largehead atractylodes rhizome can increase the serum albumin level of rats, and can aggravate the injury of the small intestinal mucosa in the early stage, but relieve in the late stage.     

Electrophoretic and thermodynamic properties for biomaterial particles with Bovine Serum Albumin adsorption

The main purpose of our investigation is to achieve better insight into the electrophoretic and thermodynamic properties of protein-coated biomaterial particles. Many academic studies have been performed to understand the complex phenomena of microscopic biomaterial particles as a function of ionic strength, pH and temperature. By electrophoretic measurements of biomaterial particles, the surface structures of it can be analysed with a suitable model. Therefore, the zeta potential measurements are useful to know the effects of adsorbed BSA concentration upon the electrophoretic properties of bioceramics and bioglasses. Unexpectedly, the zeta potential of the BSA-coated biomaterials exhibits a local minimum as the concentrations of adsorbed BSA increases. Apparently, the structures of the attached BSA layer on the biomaterial particles play a significant role. In an attempt to elaborate the phenomenon observed, a model for proteins, which composes two BSA sublayers with different structures and properties, is proposed. Also, the association or equilibrium constant were determined and represented the isotherm curves in function of the zeta potential measurements.     

长期慢性脑外伤大鼠脑线粒体功能的变化

研究长期慢性轻度脑外伤对大鼠脑线粒体功能的影响。大鼠连续1、5、10、15、20、25、30d轻度闭合性颅脑撞击后分离脑线粒体,测定线粒体肿胀度、膜流动性、膜磷脂含量、呼吸功能、线粒体呼吸酶、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)和Ca2 等指标以显示线粒体功能、抗氧化能力的变化。结果显示,第15、20、25、30d大鼠脑线粒体明显肿胀,膜磷脂降解,膜流动性下降,呼吸功能衰减,呼吸酶、SOD活性降低,Ca2 、MDA含量升高。由此认为,经常性头部撞击可造成大鼠脑线粒体功能受损,其机制可能与脑线粒体膜损伤后继发的自由基生成增加、脑线粒体能量代谢障碍有关。     

局灶性脑缺血大鼠脑细胞超微结构及线粒体呼吸功能变化的研究

目的研究大鼠脑细胞超微结构及脑组织线粒体呼吸链功能在局灶性脑缺血前后的变化。方法采用改良Zea-Longa方法复制大鼠大脑中动脉缺血（middle cerebral anery occlusion MCAO）模型，透射电镜观察缺血后脑组织神经元超微结构的改变；检测线粒体NAD链及FAD链R3、R4、RCR、P／O等评价呼吸功能的指标。结果局灶性脑缺血大鼠脑组织神经元细胞结构严重破坏，线粒体NAD链和FAD链的R3（P〈0．01）、P／O（NAD链P〈0．01，FAD链P〈0．05）、RCR（P〈0．01）明显低于假手术组，R4明显高于假手术组（P〈0．05）。结论脑缺血后线粒体结构破坏，功能受损，通过保护线粒体呼吸链可能对脑缺血损伤有保护作用。     

心力衰竭患者血清脑钠肽和白蛋白相关性分析

目的 探讨心力衰竭（HF）患者的血清脑钠肽（BNP）与血清白蛋白（ALB）之间的关系以及低蛋白血症对入选患者近期预后的影响。方法 连续入选承德医学院附属医院本部心脏内科2017年6月~2018年8月收治的HF患者共150例,根据ALB浓度将入选者分为低蛋白血症组（61例）和对照组（89例）,在出院第30 d进行随访。结果 低蛋白血症组BNP值（1909.64±1640.90）pg/ml高于对照组（994.67±808.87） pg/ml（P＜0.001）,低蛋白血症组谷丙转氨酶（121.21±57.12）U/L高于对照组（49.45±7.63）U/L （P=0.014）。ALB浓度与BNP对数转换值呈负相关（P＜0.01）。低蛋白血症组和对照组患者30 d内HF死亡率分别为6.56%和1.12%（P=0.030）,30 d内HF再住院率分别为11.48%和3.37%（P=0.025）。结论 ALB浓度与BNP值呈负相关,合并低蛋白血症的HF患者近期预后不良。