Metabolic types of regulation of lactate dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase activity in the liver of intact animals

A possible relationship between metabolic types of regulation of liver oxidative enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase) and the blood level of cortisol and insulin in intact animals is explored. The liver enzyme activity is found to depend on the initial physiological state of the organism. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 4, pp. 421–422, April, 1995 Presented by Yu. A. Romanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of chorionic gonadotropin on lactate dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase activity in the pathologically altered liver

Chorionic gonadotropin is shown to alter lactate dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase activity in the pathologically altered liver and to exert a regulatory effect on the catalytic properties of these enzymes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 6, pp. 590–591, June, 1994 Presented by Yu. A. Romanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Lactate and succinate dehydrogenase activity in blood lymphocytes of aggressive and submissive male mice

The influence of social status on some immunological characteristics in experimental animals was studied (sensory contact model). Lactate dehydrogenase activity in blood lymphocytes changed similarly in aggressive and submissive mice probably due to social stress. The activity of succinate dehydrogenase changed differently and correlated with the type of social behavior. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 129, No. 1, pp. 53–55, January 2000     

Relationship between psychological and bioenergetic characteristics in neurotic old rats

Old rats are found to have greatly reduced capacities for learning conditioned responses of various types, particularly when induced to develop a neurosis-like state which impairs autonomic functions and their regulation. The development of hypertensive responses is accompanied at the cellular level by a significant rise of succinate dehydrogenase activity in the sensorimotor cortex of young neurotic rats and by its significant fall in that of their old counterparts, in which the predominant oxidation substrates are NAD-dependent compounds. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 3, pp. 242–245, March, 1995     

Altered activity of respiratory chain enzymes in mitochondria of peripheral blood lymphocytes after irradiation in rats

The effect of ionizing radiation on the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) and succinate-cytochrome C-oxidoreductase in peripheral blood lymphocytes is studied on rats exposed to whole-body γ-irradiation in doses of 9.5–10.5 Gy. On day 5 after irradiation, when the number of lymphocytes is sharply reduced, enzyme activity in the remaining population is found to be reliably increased. These changes are not related to biological cycles. It is assumed that most of the survivors after high-dose irradiation are the cell populations maintaining a high level of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Giologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o . 8, pp. 158–159, August, 1995 Presented by D. S. Sarkisov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Autoradiographic analysis of epithelial proliferation in chronic gingivitis

Proliferative processes in the gingival mucosa are studied by autoradiography in 55 patients with chronic gingivitis. It is found that the number of DNA-producing epithelial cells does not change. Increased label intensity in chronic catarrhal and hypertrophic gingivitis in comparison with the control testifies to a sufficient compensatory reaction. Regenerative processes are suppressed in chronic atrophic gingivitis. The number of pathological mitoses increases with the development of pathomorphological changes in all studied types of gingivitis. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 124, No. 10, pp. 473–476, October, 1997     

Frequency and phase correlation of rhythms of dihygroorotate dehydrogenase activity in rat peripheral blood lymphocytes and solar activity rhythms and wave periods of planets

The common variation pattern and the synchronous increases of enzymatic and solar activity are explained by the identical frequencies of the bio- and heliorhythms and by the strict phase coordination of the latter. It is shown to be possible to predict enzymatic activity according to the sum of the resonance heliorhythms. The wave genesis of the resonance between enzymatic and solar fluctuations is confirmed by the fact that the periods of the bio- and heliorhythms are the same as the wave periods of planets. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 9, pp. 294–298, September, 1995 Presented by F. I. Komarov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of immunization against alcohol dehydrogenase on the behavior of white rats

Active immunization of white rats with alcohol dehydrogenase (horse ADH-1), a major ethanol-metabolizing enzyme shown to cause considerable and long-term inhibition of alcohol consumption, did not have adverse effects on their behavior. Rather, the rats showed enhanced motor and orienting-exploratory activities, developed conditioned responses (with both positive and negative reinforcements) more readily, and spent less time in a state of immobilization in the forced swimming test as compared with nonimmunized controls. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 10, pp. 349–351, October, 1994     

Assessment of theIn Vivo metabolic effect of exogenous lactate dehydrogenase

Active realization of 2-oxoglutarate, malate, and oxaloacetate is observed after administration of lactate dehydrogenase. The levels of transamination and urea formation are within the normal range. By its targeting of oxidative metabolism, lactate dehydrogenase may be regarded as a biogenic factor correcting the glycolytic processes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 5, pp. 480–481, May, 1994 Presented by T. T. Berezov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Formation of 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol in the rat hypophysis

Quantitative determination of 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol (3β-D) during its synthesis from dihydrotestosterone in the hypophysis of intact and castrated ratsin vitro can be performed only in homogenate. Synthesis of 3β-D is enhanced after castration in rats of both sexes. Rapid conversion of 3β-D into other metabolites in integral hypophysisin vitro is supposed to underlie nonadequate determination of 3β-hydroxysteroidoxide reductase in this gland. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 125, No. 2, pp. 149–152, April, 1997     

Circadian variations in the metabolic reaction of human blood lymphocytes to hormonal stimuli in health and immunodeficiency

Circadian variations in the sensitivity of blood lymphocyte succinate dehydrogenase to thymalin and hydrocortisone are shown. The maximal sensitivity to thymalin is observed in the morning, and to hydrocortisone in the evening. The range of fluctuations in this parameter is wider in patients with immunodeficiency than in donors. Moreover, the direction of the lymphocyte metabolic reaction to the studied agents was found to be disturbed in the patients. The findings may be useful for designing chronotherapeutic schemes with the use of hormonal immunomodulating agents. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 2, pp. 181–183, February, 1995     

Effect of delta sleep-inducing peptide on catalytic properties of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase from rat brain

Delta sleep-inducing peptide is shown to alter properties of malate dehydrogenase in brain mitochondria. The regulatory activity of the peptide is manifested in stabilization of catalytic properties of the enzyme at a higher level, which prevents their change during hypoxic stress. Regulation of malate dehydrogenase is presumed to occur through direct action of the peptide on mitochondrial membranes. Translated fromByulleten Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, No. 2, pp. 141–143, February, 1995 Presented by I. P. Ashmarin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Modification of ethylmethane sulfonate-induced mytagenesis with adrenaline

Experiments withCrepis capillaris dry seeds show that pretreatment with adrenaline hydrochloride and adrenaline hydrotartrate significantly reduces the number of aberrations induced by the supermutagen ethylmethane sulfonate. The effective concentration ranges for adrenaline adrenaline hydrotartrate and hydrochloride are 10⁻¹–10⁻⁷ M and 10⁻³–10⁻⁷ M, respectively. Adrenaline hydrochloride is more effective than adrenaline hydrotartrate (79.1vs. 65%, respectively). Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 126, No. 10, pp. 427–429, October, 1998     

Synthesis of 5α-dihydrotestosterone in human bone tumors of various histological structure

In human primary bone tumors of various histological origins, metabolism of testosterone led to the formation of 5α-reduced metabolites (mainly 5α-androstane-3α, 17β-diol, and 5α-androstane-3β-17β-diol), but not 5α-dihydrotestosterone. Transformation of 5α-dihydrotestosterone to other metabolites in human primary osteosarcomas is assumed to be associated with its inactivation or involvement of metabolites of this androgen in unknown regulatory mechanisms in bone tumors. Therefore,in vitro evaluation of 5α-reductase activity in human primary osteosarcomas and other tumors by 5α-dihydrotestosterone formation could yield erroneous results. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 7, pp. 73–75, July, 1999     

Effect of some lectins on the cholinergic structures of the frog heart

The effect of lectins (phytohemagglutinin — PHA, concanavalin A — ConA,Pisum sativum lectin — PSL,Ricinus communis lectin — RCL, and pokeweed mitogen — PWM) on the cardiac cholinoceptors is studied in experiments on isolated hearts of maleRana temporaria frogs. The test lectins in concentrations from 10⁻²³ to 10⁻³ are shown to exhibit cholinomimetic properties. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 9, pp. 252–255, September, 1994 Presented by A. D. Ado, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of sensory input on the levels of enzymes involved in energy metabolism

Presentation of sensory stimuli of various modalities to rats immediately before their decapitation led to a significant increase in the level of succinate dehydrogenase in the hippocampus, the magnitude of the increase being dependent on the number of stimuli presented. In each individual case, this enzyme's activity was proportional to the amplitude of the population spike recorded in the hippocampus of the same rat. An inverse relationship was noted between the rate of plastic processes in the hippocampus upon rhythmic stimulation and succinate dehydrogenase activity. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 6, pp. 608–611, June, 1994 Presented by V. S. Rusinov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Estimation of transmembrane potential of thymic lymphocytes during dexamethasone-induced apoptosis

The use of potential-sensitive fluorescent probes allowed us to estimate transmembrane potentials of the plasma (Δφ_p) and mitochondrial (Δφ_m) membranes of rat thymocytes, which were −58±3 mV and −169±7 mV, respectively. Dexamethasone-induced apoptosis led to a significant decrease in Δφ_p (by 55%) and Δφ_m (by 17%). This effects of dexamethasone was dose- and time-dependent. Changes in Δφ_m were greater and preceded those in Δφ_p. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 127, No. 1, pp. 117–120, January, 1999     

Non-invasive imaging of optical parameters of biological tissues

The normalised back-scattered intensity (NBI) profiles at various locations on the forearms of ten human subjects were obtained by moving the multi-probe of a laser reflectometer. The statistical analysis of the NBI data showed that the variation in the NBI was significantly higher at the ulnar region compared with that at other regions. For determination of the scattering (μ _s ) and absorption (μ _a ) coefficients and the anisotropy parameter g at each location on the forearm, these profiles were matched with the NBI profiles simulated by a Monte Carlo procedure (χ _0.99 ² ). For the reconstruction of images of variation of these parameters, the averaged values ofμ _a ,μ _s and g at all locations on the forearms of the subjects were determined. The absorption coefficient had a minimum (1.92 cm⁻¹) and maximum (2.21 cm⁻¹) at the wrist and the lateral region of the forearm, respectively. The scattering coefficient had a maximum (194 cm⁻¹) at the medial side and near the elbow, and a minimum (186 cm⁻¹) at the lateral side of the forearm. Similar changes in the anisotropy parameter were also observed. By interpolation of the data of each parameter on a 100×100 image matrix and after median filtering, colour-coded images of the variation in the optical parameters were constructed. These images could be useful for diagnostic and therapeutic applications of lasers.     

Evaluation of biological activity of toxic agents in a unicellular model

Combined toxicity of inorganic substances: Ag(I)−Cu(II), Cr(VI)−Ni(II) is studied in a culture ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts. The dynamics of yeast growth in the presence of individual metals an their combinations is examined. A diagram method for the evaluation of combined toxicity is proposed. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 123, No. 5, pp. 594–600, May, 1997     

Biological availability of endogenous calcitonin in rats

Significant correlation was established in 52-week-old rats between serum calcitonin content and density of sublemmal granules at the vascular pole of C-cells (N _Vsg)∶r _xy=0.922,p<0.001. Statistical simulation methods made it possible to determine the confidence interval of biological availability of endogenous calcitonin: 87–100% (p≥0.95). Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 125, No. 4, pp. 474–476, April, 1998