经血管内溶栓和支架成形治疗脑静脉窦闭塞

目的：介绍应用静脉窦内直接溶栓和支架成形治疗脑静脉窦闭塞的初步经验。方法：17例患者均经DSA证实为静脉窦内血栓形成。单一部位血栓3例,多发性血栓14例;脑动静脉循环时间均延长至13s以上。所有患者先采用血管内直接溶栓治疗,先在静脉窦内留置微导管5d,同时局部输入尿激酶150万U/d,并口服华法令3-5mg。其中4例经复查造影见静脉窦仍狭窄明显,再置放Smart支架进行窦内成形。结果：17例患者经静脉窦内接触性溶栓、支架成形术后静脉窦完全再通9例,部分再通8例。治疗后7例颅内压恢复正常,8例于术后7d内再次有不同程度的颅内压升高,经扶持抗凝后使颅内压恢复正常,仅2例颅内压高于280mmH2O。术后对患者随访3个月-5年,15例症状持续缓解。结论：对静脉窦血栓采用持续溶栓和支架成形可直接促进脑静脉血液因流,从而降低颅内压。     

经导管取栓及溶栓治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓

目的探讨经导管取栓及溶栓技术治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓的临床价值及疗效。方法收集急性下肢深静脉血栓患者117例,其中中央型血栓71例,混合型血栓46例。在下腔静脉滤器保护下,对患者行经大腔导管取栓及溶栓导管溶栓治疗,对合并Cockett综合征者行支架成形治疗。结果手术成功率100%,患肢肿胀、疼痛于术后当日即明显减轻,无肺栓塞发生。110例患者均成功随访12个月,总有效率97.27%(103/110)。结论经导管取栓及溶栓治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓安全、有效。     

急性颅内静脉窦血栓机械取栓1例

正患者女,23岁,因"突发头痛、头晕10天伴左侧肢体活动障碍5天"入院;10天前曾就诊于当地医院,因头部CTA/CTV示上矢状窦闭塞(图1A)而接受抗凝治疗,病情未见明显改善;5天前于当地医院复查头部CT平扫提示右侧中央区脑出血(图1B)。患者1年前曾因"左下肢静脉血栓形成"接受治疗,具体不详。查体:嗜睡,言语清楚;左侧肢体肌张力降低(上肢肌力2级,下肢肌力4级)。DSA示上矢状窦后部及右侧横窦闭塞     

急性下肢深静脉血栓手术取栓与介入取栓的疗效分析

目的 比较手术取栓与介入取栓治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的近、远期疗效.方法 回顾性分析2000年3月至2008年8月136例急性混合型和中心型DVT患者的临床资料.手术取栓组80例,其中男性30例,女性50例;年龄26-81岁,平均(58±14)岁.介入取栓组56例,其中男性25例,女性31例;年龄22～92岁,平均(57±17)岁.术后均局部应用尿激酶溶栓、肝素抗凝治疗,后期应用华法林抗凝6～12个月.结果 介入取栓组治疗后双大腿周径差小于手术取栓组[(0.8±1.3)cm比(1.5±1.7)cm,P=0.002],两组小腿周径差异无统计学意义[(0.7±1.1)cm比(1.0±1.1)cm,P=0.152].介入取栓组的平均住院时间少于手术取栓组[(7±4)d比(15 4-7)d,P=0.000].介入取栓组并发症发生率低于手术取栓组(8.9%比32.5%,P=0.000).108例获随访,随访率为79.4%.平均随访(46±29)个月,两组在大、小腿周径差、症状评分、色素沉着、静脉曲张、间歇性跛行及慢性溃疡的发生率等方面差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 介入取栓与手术取栓相比,远期疗效相当,近期疗效更佳,且住院时间短,并发症少.     

急性下肢深静脉血栓手术取栓与介入取栓的疗效分析

Objective To study the short- and long-term results for acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremity treated by surgical thrombectomy and interventional thrombectomy. Methods One hundred and thirty-six acute DVT cases treated by surgical thrombectomy or interventional thrombectomy from March 2000 to August 2008 were reviewed. There were 80 patients treated by surgical thrombectomy. Among them, 30 cases were male, 50 cases were female, aged from 26 to 81 years with a mean of (58 ± 14 ) years. The other 56 cases were treated by interventional thrombectomy. Among them, 25 cases were male, 31 cases were female, aged from 22 to 92 years with a mean of (57 ±17) years. All the 136 patients received district anticoagulation with heparin and thrombolysis with urokinase after operation. Results After operation, the circumference difference between bilateral thigh in intervention group were less than that in surgical group [ (0. 8 ±1. 3) cm vs. ( 1. 5 ± 1. 7) cm, P =0.002]. The circumference difference of bilateral calf had no significant difference [(0. 7 ± 1. 1 ) cm vs. ( 1. 0 ±1. 1) cm, P = 0. 152]. The average hospital stay in intervention group was shorter than that in surgical group [(7±4) dm. (15±7) d, P =0. 000 ]. The morbidity of complications in intervention group was less than that in surgical group (8. 9% vs. 32. 5% , P -0. 000). One hundred and eight patients were followed up, who was 79.4% of the total patients, and were followed up for an average of (46 ± 29) months. The circumference difference of thigh and calf, the symptom grade, the pigmentation, varicose veins, intermittent claudication and ulceration between the two groups had no significant difference(P > 0. 05). Conclusion Compared with surgical group, intervention group has a better short-term effect, shorter hospital stays, less complications and similar long-term result.     

急性下肢深静脉血栓手术取栓与介入取栓的疗效分析

Objective To study the short- and long-term results for acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremity treated by surgical thrombectomy and interventional thrombectomy. Methods One hundred and thirty-six acute DVT cases treated by surgical thrombectomy or interventional thrombectomy from March 2000 to August 2008 were reviewed. There were 80 patients treated by surgical thrombectomy. Among them, 30 cases were male, 50 cases were female, aged from 26 to 81 years with a mean of (58 ± 14 ) years. The other 56 cases were treated by interventional thrombectomy. Among them, 25 cases were male, 31 cases were female, aged from 22 to 92 years with a mean of (57 ±17) years. All the 136 patients received district anticoagulation with heparin and thrombolysis with urokinase after operation. Results After operation, the circumference difference between bilateral thigh in intervention group were less than that in surgical group [ (0. 8 ±1. 3) cm vs. ( 1. 5 ± 1. 7) cm, P =0.002]. The circumference difference of bilateral calf had no significant difference [(0. 7 ± 1. 1 ) cm vs. ( 1. 0 ±1. 1) cm, P = 0. 152]. The average hospital stay in intervention group was shorter than that in surgical group [(7±4) dm. (15±7) d, P =0. 000 ]. The morbidity of complications in intervention group was less than that in surgical group (8. 9% vs. 32. 5% , P -0. 000). One hundred and eight patients were followed up, who was 79.4% of the total patients, and were followed up for an average of (46 ± 29) months. The circumference difference of thigh and calf, the symptom grade, the pigmentation, varicose veins, intermittent claudication and ulceration between the two groups had no significant difference(P > 0. 05). Conclusion Compared with surgical group, intervention group has a better short-term effect, shorter hospital stays, less complications and similar long-term result.     

介入性腔内机械性血栓碎吸及溶栓术治疗周围动脉急性血栓栓塞

目的探讨介入性腔内机械性血栓碎吸和局部溶栓术治疗周围动脉急性血栓栓塞的临床效果和应用价值。方法124例周围动脉急性血栓性阻塞患者接受DSA检查和介入性腔内机械性血栓碎吸联合局部溶栓术治疗。结果全组总的介入治疗成功率97.58%（121/124）。血管完全开通率82.26%（102/124）,部分开通率15.32%（19/124）,无效率2.42%（3/124）。部分开通的19例辅以PTA联合内支架植入术后血管完全开通。并发症发生率6.45%（8/124）。结论介入腔内机械性血栓碎吸和局部溶栓治疗周围动脉急性血栓闭塞疾病,疗程短、成功率高、疗效显著、并发症少,恰当辅以PTA和内支架植入可显著提高治疗成功率。     

手术取栓与药物溶栓治疗急性髂股型下肢深静脉血栓形成的疗效比较

目的 评估手术取栓加药物溶栓与单纯药物溶栓治疗急性髂股型下肢深静脉血栓形成的疗效.方法 回顾性分析175例髂股型下肢深静脉血栓形成患者的临床资料,依据治疗方式的不同分为取栓组与溶栓组;手术取栓组85例,其中合并髂总静脉狭窄或闭塞的46例,选择于术或介入治疗,术后给予尿激酶、低分子肝素治疗.采取药物溶栓抗凝治疗90例,仪给予尿激酶、低分子肝素治疗.治疗前两组患者年龄、病程、肿胀程度及伴随疾病比较,差异无统计学意义(P＜0.05).结果 治疗后1个月,手术取栓组治愈率71.8%(61/85),双下肢周径差手术组由(4.6±1.6)cm下降为(0.8±0.5)cm;溶栓组治愈率38.9%(35/90);双下肢周径差由(4.0±1.9)cm下降为(1.8±1.3)cm.平均随访(28±11)个月,随访率64.6%,治疗后12个月,双下肢周径差手术组下降为(0.4±0.3)cm,溶栓组下降为(0.9±0.7)cm,手术组治愈率86.0%(49/57),溶栓组治愈率53.6%(30/56);手术组的下肢深静脉血栓形成后遗症发生率低于溶栓组(P＜0.05),手术组的静脉瓣功能异常的发生率低于溶栓组(P＜0.05).结论 急性髂股型下肢深静脉血栓形成手术取栓加溶栓疗效优于单纯药物溶栓.     

血管内血栓的介入性局部溶栓治疗

目的 探讨血管内血栓的介入性局部溶栓治疗效果和临床应用中有关问题。方法 对１８例血管阻塞性病变进行新进性脉冲－喷射血管内局部溶栓治疗。尿激酶１００００Ｕ／ＭＬ，剂量１００００Ｕ／分钟，总量３０～８０万Ｕ，平均３８万Ｕ。结果 阻塞血管完全开通１４例（７７．８％）部分开通２例（１１．１％）无效２例（１１．１％）平均溶栓时间２．８小时，结论 血管内血栓的介入性局部溶栓治疗效果显著。     

吸栓后导管溶栓与单纯导管溶栓对急性混合型下肢深静脉血栓的疗效比较

目的:比较吸栓联合导管溶栓与单纯导管溶栓对急性混合型下肢深静脉血栓(LEDVT)的疗效。方法:回顾性分析2012年6月—2017年6月收治的121例急性混合型LEDVT患者资料,其中60例先吸栓再导管溶栓治疗(吸栓后溶栓组),61例直接行导管溶栓治疗(单纯溶栓组),比较两组患者的相关临床指标。结果:两组治疗前一般资料无统计学差异(均P0.05)。与单纯溶栓组比较,吸栓后溶栓组平均住院天数明显缩短(6.2 d vs. 10.5 d,P0.05),尿激酶平均用量明显减少(170万U vs. 290万U,P0.05);吸栓后溶栓组与单纯溶栓组术后1周的治愈率和有效率分别为75%、45.9%与91.67%、88.52%,术后2周分别为83.33%、62.3%与96.72%,91.81%,吸栓后溶栓组治愈率明显高于单纯溶栓组(均P0.05),有效率两组间差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。术后随访12个月,两组并发症发生率、膝下15 cm处健患肢周径差降低程度、静脉通畅率、静脉瓣膜功能正常率以及总有效率差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:与单纯导管溶栓相比较,吸栓后溶栓能明显缩短急性混合型LEDVT患者住院时间,减少尿激酶用量,提高治愈率,但中长期疗效差异不大。     

多途径介入手术与单纯抗凝治疗颅内静脉系统血栓

目的对比多途径介入手术与单纯抗凝治疗颅内静脉系统血栓(CVST)的疗效。方法回顾性分析88例CVST患者,其中47例接受多途径介入手术治疗(手术治疗组)、41例接受单纯抗凝治疗(对照组);术后随访6个月,比较2组疗效。结果手术治疗组出院时、3个月和6个月随访时改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分和美国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分分别为1(1,2)、1.43±0.50,1(0,2)、1.04±0.33,1(0,1)、0.87±0.28,均低于对照组[2(1,2)、2.20±0.62,2(1,2)、1.59±0.49,1(0,2)、1.37±0.37,P均0.05]。结论多途径介入手术治疗CVST疗效优于单纯抗凝,可降低致残率,改善患者生活质量。     

Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis treated with combined local thrombolytic and systemic anticoagulation therapy

Summary We recently encountered a patient with thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus of an idiopathic cause.The patient was treated initially with combined local thrombolytic therapy through the burr hole over the superior sagittal sinus and systemic anticoagulant therapy. Continuous ventricular drainage and hyperbaric oxygenation therapy were used to control the increased intracranial pressure. The superior sagittal sinus was successfully recanalized.Whereas the patient suffered a complication with subacute subdural haematoma, he was successfully treated with the combination of these therapies. The rationale and approach are discussed.     

Open thrombectomy combined with thrombolysis in massive intracranial sinus thrombosis

Summary A case of complete thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus in a pregnant woman with multiple haemorrhages and hydrocephalus is described. Due to acute onset and progressive neurological deterioration, the dicision was taken to remove the clot surgically.A sinotomy was performed removing the thrombotic material followed by local infusion of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA).The combination of surgical removal and thrombolysis was life-saving for this young patient.     

动脉溶栓治疗急性肠系膜上静脉血栓1例

正患者男,64岁,10h前无诱因突感上腹腹胀不适,进食后加重,排气正常,排便1次,排便后症状未缓解;既往无特殊病史。查体:腹平软,全腹部压痛,以脐周明显,无反跳痛,肠鸣音亢进。血常规:白细胞14.61×109/L,中性粒细胞13.41×109/L。腹部CT示小肠肠壁增厚、水肿,管腔部分扩张、积液,可见气液平面,中下腹部肠系膜水肿;肠系膜上动脉尚通畅,远端部分管腔变细、扭曲,肠系膜上静脉远端充盈缺损(图1A),符合肠系膜上静脉血栓形成(superior mesenteric venous thrombosis,SMVT)。     

A rare localization of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Case report

In this work the Authors report their experience on the treatment of a case of cavernous venous sinus thrombosis.The diagnosis is clinical and neuroradiological, CT, MRN, cerebral angiography and orbital venography have aided in establishing the diagnosis during life.Very interesting is the therapeutic approach.     

抗凝与其联合介入方法治疗重症颅内静脉血栓形成

目的 对比单纯抗凝与其联合介入方法治疗重症颅内静脉血栓形成（CVT）的效果。方法 根据治疗方法将65例重症CVT患者纳入抗凝组（n=32）或联合组（n=33）,比较组间入院、出院时改良Rankin量表（mRS）评分、患者预后、血管再通率,以及随访期间并发症发生率。结果 组间入院时mRS评分差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;联合组出院时mRS评分低于抗凝组（P＜0.05）。出院时（84.85% vs. 59.38%）、出院后6个月（87.88% vs. 65.63%）及12个月（93.94% vs. 75.00%）,联合组预后良好率均高于抗凝组（P均＜0.05）。出院时联合组血管再通率高于抗凝组（100% vs. 75.00%,P＜0.05）。截至随访末,组间并发症发生率差异无统计学意义（15.15%vs. 18.75%,P＞0.05）。结论 对于重症CVT患者,相比单纯抗凝,以抗凝联合介入方法进行治疗可明显减轻症状、改善预后。     

Treatment of deep cerebral venous thrombosis by local infusion of tissue plasminogen activator

BACKGROUND

Treatment of extensive intracranial venous sinus thrombosis with thrombolytic drugs is described, although the indications for and most efficacious technique for achieving thrombolysis remain uncertain. We report the successful lysis of superficial and deep venous system thrombosis by infusion of recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) into the anterior superior sagittal sinus.

CASE DESCRIPTION

A 34-year-old man presented with headaches followed by decreased level of consciousness and left hemiplegia. Angiography showed thrombosis of the superior sagittal and both transverse and straight sinuses with extension into the internal cerebral veins. The superior sagittal sinus was catheterized via a transfemoral route and rt-PA, 25 mg, was infused. There was no significant change in the thrombosis. The catheter was left in place and rt-PA was infused at 1 mg/minute for 19 hours. Repeat angiography showed resolution of the thrombosis. The patient was placed on heparin and then coumadin. He recovered completely.

CONCLUSIONS

This report suggests that superselective infusion of thrombolytics into thrombosed intracranial venous sinuses can lyse intracranial venous sinus thrombosis. The thrombolytic agent must be infused for hours. The apparent successful lysis of clot in the deep venous system when infusion was into the superior sagittal sinus might be related to diffusion of rt-PA throughout the intracranial venous system or to improved venous outflow caused by lysis of clot in superficial dural sinuses.     

下肢深静脉血栓形成的血管腔内治疗

目的探讨腔内治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成（LEDVT）的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2000年1月至2010年12月收治的1068例LEDVT患者临床资料,其中中央型311例,混合型549例,周围型208例。足背静脉、股静脉穿刺造影,下腔静脉滤器植入,进行机械性血栓抽吸,取栓后造影髂静脉存在严重狭窄（〉50％）或闭塞时则球囊扩张和支架植入,残留血栓术后辅助溶栓治疗。随访评估患者腔内治疗的近期、中期疗效。结果近期疗效I级65．45％,Ⅱ级25．75％,Ⅲ级8．05％,1V级0．75％;总有效率99．25％,不同分型的疗效差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。术后2年随访,优76．06％,良16．41％,中6．28％,差1．25％;支架通畅率88．62％。结论LEDVT腔内治疗,能尽早清除深静脉主干血栓,迅速恢复血流,缩短病程,近、中期疗效显著。