十二指肠降部非壶腹部散发型腺瘤内镜下的 高危征象识别及治疗效果

目的评估内镜治疗十二指肠降部非壶腹部散发型腺瘤的安全性和有效性,并分析总结其内镜下高危征象。方法回顾性分析2012年11月—2019年9月于南京鼓楼医院病理确诊的十二指肠降部非壶腹部散发型腺瘤患者54例,依据病理分级将患者分为高级别上皮内瘤变（high grade intraepithelial neoplasia,HGIN）/癌变（adenocarcinoma,AC）组以及低级别上皮内瘤变（low grade intraepithelial neoplasia,LGIN）组,记录并比较2组患者性别、年龄、病变长径、病变形态、病变色泽、治疗方式、手术并发症以及术后随访等临床资料,并评估内镜下治疗效果。结果54例患者中HGIN/AC组12例,LGIN组42例,2组间病变长径以及病变色泽差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）。54例患者接受相应内镜下治疗,8例较小病变予活检钳除,32例行内镜黏膜切除术治疗,14例行内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗。术中小穿孔1例,内镜下钛夹封闭,内科治疗后无并发症;2例出现术后迟发性出血,均经内镜下治疗后出血控制。术后随访2~58个月,无一例复发。结论内镜治疗十二指肠降部非壶腹部散发型腺瘤是一种安全有效的方法,病变长径>10 mm以及色泽发红时,应警惕病变恶变倾向。     

内镜下治疗非壶腹部早期十二指肠癌的疗效分析

目的　评估内镜下治疗非壶腹部早期十二指肠癌的临床疗效。方法　以2015年1月—2021年1月在首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院接受内镜下治疗的非壶腹部早期十二指肠癌患者为研究对象,回顾性研究患者基线信息、内镜治疗方式、创面封闭方式、病理分析和并发症的发生与转归等资料。结果　47例患者资料入选并均成功完成内镜下治疗,其中内镜黏膜切除术（endoscopic mucosal resection,EMR）17例,内镜黏膜下剥离术（endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD）5例,ESD+EMR 7例,因ESD剥离困难转为ESD+EMR 6例,耙状金属夹闭合系统（over?the?scope clip system,OTSC）辅助的全层切除4例,分片内镜黏膜切除术（piecemeal EMR,EPMR）8例。47例早期癌病变中,整块切除率83.0%（39/47）,完全切除率85.1%（40/47）。全组47例中,围手术期发生穿孔并发症4例（8.5%）,均发生于降部,其中2例（4.3%）经内镜治疗后好转,另外2例（4.3%）内镜治疗效果不佳,经外科手术治疗后好转。围手术期未出现术后出血、感染等并发症。结论　内镜下治疗非壶腹部早期十二指肠癌是安全有效的,可根据病灶的位置、大小及个体情况选择有针对性的治疗方案。对于十二指肠降段的操作,要更加警惕穿孔并发症的发生。     

内镜下切除与腹腔镜手术治疗2～5 cm胃间质瘤的对比分析

目的比较内镜下切除和腹腔镜手术治疗肿瘤最大径为2～5 cm胃间质瘤的临床疗效, 分析肿瘤表面情况、生长方式、病变起源等因素对手术方式选择的影响, 为胃间质瘤患者提供更安全、有效的治疗方法。方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2019年11月因胃间质瘤在郑州大学第一附属医院行内镜下切除(内镜下切除组137例)或腹腔镜手术治疗(腹腔镜手术组164例)的301例患者的基本临床资料, 包括患者的年龄、性别, 肿瘤表面有无凹陷(肿瘤表面黏膜局部下陷深度>5 mm)、是否不规则(肿瘤表面表现为非半球形或非椭圆形)、有无溃疡, 肿瘤部位、形状、病变起源、生长方式(腔内生长或腔内外生长)、危险度分级(极低危、低危、中危、高危), 肿瘤是否整块切除, 手术时间、是否出血、禁食时间、留置胃管时间、住院时间、术后住院时间、术后并发症和随访情况。统计学方法采用独立样本t检验、卡方检验、Fisher确切概率法和Wilcoxon秩和检验。结果内镜下切除组137例胃间质瘤患者中, 行内镜黏膜下剥离术85例(62.0%), 内镜黏膜下挖除术9例(6.6%), 内镜下全层切除术42例(30.7%), 隧道法内镜黏膜下肿...     

食管胃静脉曲张合并上消化道浅表黏膜病变的内镜下治疗

目的探讨肝硬化食管胃静脉曲张合并上消化道浅表黏膜病变的内镜下治疗策略。方法收集2017年1月至2018年2月在我院消化内科行内镜下治疗的7例肝硬化食管胃静脉曲张合并上消化道浅表黏膜病变患者的临床资料,进行回顾性分析,总结其临床特征、内镜下表现、治疗方法及并发症。结果 7例患者年龄(56. 9±4. 5)岁。7例患者中2例黏膜病变位于曲张静脉之上。7例患者中6例先行内镜下静脉曲张治疗,后对黏膜病变行内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗,1例在静脉曲张治疗同时对胃底黏膜病变行ESD治疗,合并的贲门黏膜病变择期处理。所有患者均未出现出血、穿孔等严重并发症。结论对于肝硬化食管胃静脉曲张合并上消化道浅表黏膜病变的内镜下处理,要综合衡量患者的凝血功能、静脉曲张与黏膜病变的处理时机以及相对位置关系。     

内镜在原发性十二指肠占位性病变中的应用价值

目的：评估内镜下治疗原发性十二指肠占位性病变的应用价值。方法 ：以2015年1月至2018年1月在首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院接受内镜下治疗的十二指肠原发占位性病变患者为研究对象,根据手术结果分为并发症组与无并发症组,并根据病灶位置及内镜类别进一步分组,回顾性研究患者基线信息、内镜诊疗、创面封闭方式、病理分析和并发症的发生与转归等资料。结果：79例患者资料入选并均成功完成内镜下治疗,其中内镜下黏膜切除术（EMR）59例,内镜下黏膜剥离术（ESD）5例,OTSC金属夹辅助的全层切除6例,内镜下分片黏膜切除术（EPMR）9例。全组79例操作围手术期发生并发症8例（10.1%）,均发生于降部及乳头部;在全部47例十二指肠乳头及降部的操作中,并发症发生率 为17.0%（8/47）,其中1例患者（2.1%）出现术中穿孔,1例患者（2.1%）术后出现迟发出血,6例患者（12.8%）出现轻度急性胰腺炎,患者经治疗后均好转。79例内镜下治疗中,共有2例（2.5%）出现需要内镜或外科手术进一步干预的并发症。十二指肠降段及乳头部的并发症发生率（17.0%,8/47）显著高于非降段及乳头部（球腔、球降交界、水平段）（0.0%,0/32）,差异具有统计学意义（P=0.012）。在47例十二指肠降段及乳头部操作中,十二指肠镜组并发症发生率（28.0%,7/25）也显著高于胃镜组（4.5%,1/22）并发症的发生率（P=0.037）。 结论：内镜下治疗原发性十二指肠占位性病变是安全有效的,对于十二指肠降段及乳头部的操作和使用十二指肠镜的情况下,要更加警惕并发症的发生。     

十二指肠黏膜下肿瘤的内镜治疗

目的 总结内镜治疗十二指肠黏膜下肿瘤( SMT)的经验,探讨其临床价值.方法 回顾分析2006年5月至2011年5月复旦大学附属中山医院内镜中心行内镜治疗的十二指肠SMT患者资料,了解病变特点、手术过程、术后并发症及复发情况.结果 共67例患者接受了69例次内镜治疗,其中男性36例,女性31例,中位年龄55岁,病变平均最大径(1.34±0.50) cm.69例病变中,位于球部38例、球降交界部12例、降部19例.均成功完成内镜治疗,其中电切治疗11例,内镜黏膜切除术(EMR) 12例,内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD) 45例,尼龙绳结扎1例.并发症发生率14.5％(10/69),其中术中发生活动性大出血1例,穿孔2例,延迟性出血3例,一过性淀粉酶水平增高3例,迟发性穿孔1例.67例获病理诊断,其中最常见的是Brunner腺瘤(36例).60例患者术后随访,中位随访时间为13个月.1例类癌患者ESD术后病理诊断提示脉管内有肿瘤细胞,再行择期扩大切除术.1例Brunner腺瘤患者EMR术后1年复发,再行ESD治疗后好转.结论 内镜治疗安全、微创、有效,可成为部分十二指肠SMT的治疗方案之一.     

异位胰腺的超声内镜特征和内镜治疗作用

目的 探讨异位胰腺超声内镜(endoscopic ultrasonography,EUS)的特征和内镜黏膜下肿物切除术对异位胰腺的治疗作用。方法 选取2012年10月至2018年9月哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院收治的黏膜下肿物患者,经EUS检查后行内镜黏膜下肿物切除术,病理诊断为异位胰腺者。观察其EUS下的特征,并对患者进行追踪随访。结果 本研究共纳入31例患者,17例(54.84%)病变位于胃窦,6例(19.35%)位于胃体,5例(16.13%)位于十二指肠,2例(6.45%)位于胃底,1例(3.23%)位于食管;4例(12.90%)表面有中央凹陷;24例(77.42%)呈低回声;14例(45.16%)起源于黏膜下层,8例(25.81%)起源于固有肌层,7例(22.58%)起源于黏膜肌层,2例(6.45%)累及多层;18例(58.06%)内部回声均匀;26例(83.87%)边界清晰。17例(54.84%)患者行内镜固有肌层剥离术(endoscopic mucosal dissection, EMD),14例(45.16%)行内镜黏膜下剥离术(endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD),均一次性切除,术后随访均无瘤体残留及复发。结论 异位胰腺好发于胃窦,胃体、十二指肠为次,以低回声为主,内部回声多均匀,边界大多清晰,多起源于黏膜肌层、黏膜下层、固有肌层。内镜黏膜下肿物切除术可以为异位胰腺提供病理诊断的标本,同时也是一种安全有效的治疗手段。     

de novo早期结直肠癌的临床病理特征及内镜治疗效果观察

目的分析de novo早期结直肠癌的临床病理特征, 并评估内镜治疗的效果。方法纳入2020年6月—2022年5月在首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院行内镜切除且术后病理确诊为de novo早期结直肠癌的患者。回顾性收集患者的基本资料、内镜表现、治疗方式、术后病理结果以及转归等资料。结果共纳入33例de novo早期结直肠癌患者, 年龄(62.67±8.62)岁, 男女比例7.25∶1。病变长径(0.96±0.36)cm;病变形态以浅表型(0-Ⅱ型)为主, 占72.7%(24/33)。29例采用内镜黏膜下剥离术切除, 4例采用内镜黏膜切除术切除。术后病理显示, 11例(33.3%)为高分化管状腺癌, 其中2例侵及黏膜下浅层;20例(60.6%)为中分化管状腺癌, 其中5例侵及黏膜下浅层, 15例侵及黏膜下深层;2例(6.1%)为中-低分化管状腺癌, 均侵及黏膜下深层。病变浸润深度与病变分化程度有显著相关性(P<0.001), 中分化及中-低分化病变更容易发生黏膜下层深浸润。33例(100.0%)病变均达到整块切除, 97.0%(32/33)达到完全切除, 42.4%(14/33)达到治愈...     

Tis期结直肠癌内镜下非治愈性切除后追加外科手术的临床分析

目的探讨Tis期结直肠癌内镜下非治愈性切除的临床特点及外科手术的应用价值。 方法通过回顾性收集2013年1月至2021年12月期间在广东省中医院胃肠肿瘤中心行内镜下非治愈性切除后接受补救手术治疗的34例Tis期结直肠癌患者的临床资料,总结患者的内镜治疗情况、补救手术指征、术后病理等,并分析导致补救手术实施的主要原因。 结果全组34例患者中,男性18例,女性16例,中位年龄58（30~78）岁,病变位于右半结肠6例、左半结肠17例、直肠11例。内镜下观察息肉形态属山田Ⅰ型7例、山田Ⅱ型8例、山田Ⅲ型17例、山田Ⅳ型2例;内镜切除方法包括内镜下黏膜切除术（EMR）20例、内镜黏膜下剥离术（ESD）6例、内镜下黏膜分块切除术（EPMR）以及圈套器套扎切除术各4例。追加外科手术的指征包括可疑黏膜下浸润21例（61.8%）、基底切缘距离肿瘤＜1 mm 21例（61.8%）、基底切缘或侧切缘阳性10例（29.4%）、分块切除8例（23.5%）。息肉病理中判断为肿瘤侵犯黏膜肌层24例（70.6%）,无患者出现淋巴脉管侵犯或肿瘤出芽。内镜切除与手术切除间隔中位时间为14 d。术后病理结果：共10例（29.4%）患者出现癌残留,包括黏膜内癌残留8例（23.5%）和T1期腺癌残留2例（5.9%）;中位淋巴结检出数12（3~34）枚,无患者出现区域淋巴结转移。癌残留的危险因素包括切缘阳性和分块切除,非可疑黏膜下浸润患者均未出现T1期腺癌残留。 结论Tis期CRC内镜下切除后病理诊断的不明确性是导致追加补救手术的主要原因,外科治疗决策中可能高估了Tis期CRC发生黏膜下浸润的风险。对于具有手术指征的Tis期结直肠癌患者,手术治疗的肿瘤学获益并不大,定期内镜复查可能是更加安全的选择。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术诊治结直肠非霍奇金淋巴瘤3例

回顾性分析2020年6月至2022年2月于浙江大学医学院附属第一医院因结直肠黏膜下隆起性病变经超声内镜检查考虑为神经内分泌肿瘤(类癌), 后经内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)诊断性治疗确诊为非霍奇金淋巴瘤的3例患者临床和病理资料。通过分析术中、术后并发症和患者预后, 评估ESD作为惰性淋巴瘤治疗策略的有效性。3例患者中男2例、女1例, 年龄为55～71岁;术前均无明显临床症状;结肠镜下2例表现为乙状结肠黏膜下隆起型病变, 1例为直肠黏膜下隆起型病变;均成功实施ESD诊断性治疗;术后病理诊断为黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤2例和滤泡性淋巴瘤1例, 随访6～26个月, 均未再行内镜治疗或追加外科手术, 未行全身化学治疗。提示内镜下治疗惰性淋巴瘤具有一定潜力。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗十二指肠病变的临床疗效分析

目的评价内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗十二指肠病变的临床疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2019年5月在中南大学湘雅二医院消化内科行ESD治疗的45例十二指肠病变患者(共46个病变)的临床资料,对病变特点、整块切除率、完整切除率、手术并发症、术后病理和复发情况进行统计分析。结果45例患者中男20例、女25例,年龄(52.0±11.8)岁。46个病变中位于十二指肠球部31个(67.4%),降部12个(26.1%),球降交界部3个(6.5%)。病变直径(2.4±1.9)cm。病变起源于黏膜层14个(30.4%),黏膜下层29个(63.1%),固有肌层3个(6.5%)。术后病理:Brunner腺瘤11个(23.9%),神经内分泌肿瘤9个(19.6%),异位胰腺5个(10.9%),脂肪瘤5个(10.9%),其他16个(34.8%)。45例患者46个病变均顺利完成ESD,病变整块切除率100.0%(46/46),完整切除率为91.3%(42/46)。术中出血1例(2.2%),内镜下成功止血;迟发性穿孔1例(2.2%),行急诊外科手术治疗;电凝综合征1例(2.2%),内科保守治疗好转。术后2例患者追加外科手术治疗。患者平均住院时间6.2 d(2~21 d),无一例死亡。随访41例,平均随访时间30个月(1~78个月),随访期间1例(2.4%)复发。结论ESD治疗十二指肠病变安全、有效,具有较好的临床应用价值。     

Endoscopic closure of mucosal defects with metallic clips after endoscopic mucosal resection in patients with intramural tumors of the stomach: A retrospective study

Background: Representative complications of endoscopic mucosal resection to treat intramural gastric tumors include bleeding and perforation. The purpose of the present study was to clarify whether endoscopic closure of mucosal defects using metallic clips decreases the incidence of delayed bleeding following endoscopic mucosal resection. Patients and Methods: The records of 187 intramural tumors of the stomach in the 181 patients that were treated by endoscopic mucosal resection between 1992 and 2001 were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were classi?ed into two groups. The ?rst group included patients who received endoscopic mucosal resection but were not treated by endoscopic mucosal closure. The second group included patients who were treated with endoscopic mucosal closure using metallic clips after endoscopic mucosal resection. The incidences of delayed bleeding following endoscopic mucosal resection in these two groups were evaluated. Results: Delayed bleeding following endoscopic mucosal resection was observed in 13 of 96 (13.5%) of the lesions of the ?rst group. Delayed bleeding was encountered in only two of 91 (2.2%) lesions of the second group. Conclusions: Endoscopic closure of mucosal defects with metallic clips after endoscopic mucosal resection in gastric lesions was useful in decreasing the incidence of delayed bleeding following endoscopic mucosal resection.     

内镜下黏膜切除术治疗Peutz-Jeghers巨大十二指肠息肉71例临床研究北大核心CSCD

目的评估内镜下黏膜切除术(EMR)治疗Peutz-Jeghers综合征(PJS)巨大十二指肠息肉的安全性及有效性。方法收集2013年2月至2020年8月在空军特色医学中心确诊为PJS十二指肠息肉并经EMR治疗的病例资料,统计EMR治疗PJS十二指肠巨大息肉的完整切除率、并发症发生率。比较巨大息肉组(直径≥3 cm)与普通息肉组(直径<3 cm)患者EMR手术完整切除率和并发症发生情况,并分析EMR治疗PJS十二指肠息肉手术并发症发生的影响因素。结果共71例患者纳入研究,男44例,女27例,中位年龄为26岁(5~58岁)。内镜下切除息肉最大中位直径为2.0 cm(0.6~13.0 cm),所有患者均成功实施EMR手术,63例患者EMR治疗PJS十二指肠息肉实现完整切除(63/71,88.7%),巨大息肉组EMR手术完整切除率低于普通息肉组(77.4%比97.5%),差异有统计学意义(P=0.023)。EMR手术相关并发症总发生率5.6%(4/71),1例患者同时存在术中创面渗血和术后胰腺炎。巨大息肉组与普通息肉组间并发症发生率(9.7%比2.5%)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。内镜下EMR切除十二指肠息肉有无并发症发生在患者性别、年龄、有无PJS家族史、手术史、息肉数量、切除方式上的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05),而息肉位于乳头部位者并发症发生率(50%,3/6)显著高于非乳头部位者(1.5%,1/65),差异有统计学意义(P=0.001)。结论EMR治疗PJS巨大十二指肠息肉总体安全有效的,可作为PJS十二指肠息肉的首选治疗方案。息肉部位是EMR手术相关并发症发生的重要影响因素。     

Endoscopic resection of non-ampullary duodenal adenomas: Is cold snaring the promised land?

Due to the high risk of morbidity and mortality associated with surgical resection in this tract, endoscopic resection(ER) has taken the place of surgical resection as the first line treatment for non-ampullary duodenal adenomas. However, due to the anatomical characteristics of this area, which enhance the risk of post-ER problems, ER in the duodenum is particularly difficult. Due to a lack of data, no ER technique for superficial non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumours(SNADETs) has yet been ...     

Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of superficial nonampullary duodenal tumors

The diagnostic and treatment guidelines of superficial non-ampullary duodenal tumors have not been standardized due to their low prevalence.Previous reports suggested that a superficial adenocarcinoma(SAC) should be treated via local resection because of its low risk of lymph node metastasis,whereas a highgrade adenoma(HGA) should be resected because of its high risk of progression to adenocarcinoma.Therefore,pretreatment diagnosis of SAC or HGA is important to determine the appropriate treatment strategy.There are certain endoscopic features known to be associated with SAC or HGA,and current practice prioritizes the endoscopic and biopsy diagnosis of these conditions.Surgical treatment of these duodenal lesions is often related to high risk of morbidity,and therefore endoscopic resection has become increasingly common in recent years.Endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) are the commonly performed endoscopic resection methods.EMR is preferred due to its lower risk of adverse events;however,it has a higher risk of recurrence than ESD.Recently,a new and safer endoscopic procedure that reduces adverse events from EMR or ESD has been reported.     

Effectiveness and safety of over-the-scope clip in closing perforations after duodenal surgery

BACKGROUNDEndoscopic resection of duodenal subepithelial lesions (SELs) is a difficult procedure with a high risk of perforation. At present, dealing with perforation after endoscopic resection of duodenal SELs is still considered a great challenge.AIMTo evaluate the effectiveness and safety of an over-the-scope clip (OTSC) in the treatment of perforation post-endoscopic resection of duodenal SELs.METHODSFrom May 2015 to November 2019, 18 patients with perforation following endoscopic resection of duodenal SELs were treated with OTSCs. Data comprising the rate of complete resection, closure of intraprocedural perforation, delayed bleeding, delayed perforation, and postoperative infection were extracted.RESULTSThe rate of complete removal of duodenal SELs and successful closure of the perforation was 100%. The median perforation size was 1 cm in diameter. Seventeen patients had minor intraoperative bleeding, while the remaining 1 patient had considerable amount of bleeding during the procedure. Seven patients had postoperative abdominal infections, of which 1 patient developed an abscess in the right iliac fossa and another patient developed septic shock. All 18 patients recovered and were discharged. No delayed bleeding or perforation was reported. The mean time taken to resume normal diet after the procedure was 6.5 d. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 9.5 d. No residual or recurrent lesions were detected during the follow-up period (15-66 mo).CONCLUSIONClosing a perforation after endoscopic resection of duodenal SELs with OTSCs seems to be an effective and reasonably safe therapeutic method.     

Approach to the endoscopic resection of duodenal lesions

Duodenal polyps or lesions are uncommonly found on upper endoscopy. Duodenal lesions can be categorized as subepithelial or mucosally-based, and the type of lesion often dictates the work-up and possible therapeutic options. Subepithelial lesions that can arise in the duodenum include lipomas, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and carcinoids. Endoscopic ultrasonography with fine needle aspiration is useful in the characterization and diagnosis of subepithelial lesions. Duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors and large or multifocal carcinoids are best managed by surgical resection. Brunner's gland tumors, solitary Peutz-Jeghers polyps, and non-ampullary and ampullary adenomas are mucosally-based duodenal lesions, which can require removal and are typically amenable to endoscopic resection. Several anatomic characteristics of the duodenum make endoscopic resection of duodenal lesions challenging. However, advanced endoscopic techniques exist that enable the resection of large mucosally-based duodenal lesions. Endoscopic papillectomy is not without risk, but this procedure can effectively resect ampullary adenomas and allows patients to avoid surgery, which typically involves pancreaticoduodenectomy. Endoscopic mucosal resection and its variations(such as cap-assisted, cap-band-assisted, and underwater techniques) enable the safe and effective resection of most duodenal adenomas. Endoscopic submucosal dissection is possible but very difficult to safely perform in the duodenum.     

Selection of appropriate endoscopic therapies for duodenal tumors: An open-label study,single-center experience

AIM: To determine an appropriate compartmentalization of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) or endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for duodenal tumors.METHODS: Forty-six duodenal lesions (excluding papillary lesions) from 44 patients with duodenal tumors treated endoscopically between 2005 and 2013 were divided into the ESD and EMR groups for retrospective comparison and analysis.RESULTS: The mean age was 65 ± 9 years (35-79 years). There were 24 lesions from men and 22 from women. The lesions consisted of 6 early cancers, 31 adenomas and 9 neuroendocrine tumors. Lesion location was the duodenal bulb in 15 cases and the descending part of the duodenum in 31 cases. The most common macroscopic morphology was elevated type in 21 cases (45.6%). Mean tumor diameter was 11.9 ± 9.7 mm (3-60 mm). Treatment procedure was ESD (15 cases) vs EMR (31 cases). The examined parameters in the ESD vs EMR groups were as follows: mean tumor diameter, 12.9 ± 14.3 mm (3-60 mm) vs 11.4 ± 6.7 mm (4-25 mm); en bloc resection rate, 86.7% vs 83.9%; complete resection rate, 86.7% vs 74.2%; procedure time, 86.5 ± 63.1 min (15-217 min) vs 13.2 ± 17.0 min (2-89 min) (P < 0.0001); intraprocedural perforation, 3 cases vs none (P = 0.0300); delayed perforation, none in either group; postprocedural bleeding, 1 case vs none; mean postoperative length of hospitalization, 8.2 ± 2.9 d (5-16 d) vs 6.1 ± 2.0 d (2-12 d) (P = 0.0067); recurrence, none vs 1 case (occurring at 7 mo postoperatively).CONCLUSION: ESD was associated with a longer procedure time and a higher incidence of intraprocedural perforation; EMR was associated with a lower rate of complete resection.     

Low recurrence rate after endoscopic resection in non-ampullary duodenal lesions: A 16-year single-center retrospective study

Endoscopic resection (ER) for non-ampullary duodenal lesions (NADLs) is technically more difficult than lesions of the stomach. However, endoscopic treatment of duodenal lesions has been increasingly performed in recent years. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ER for NADLs.Patients who underwent ER for NADLs between 2004 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical and pathologic features of the lesions including the clinical outcomes and adverse events were analyzed.The study included 80 patients with NADLs. The mean age of patients was 59.3 years (22–80 years), the mean size of the lesion was 8.8 ± 7.0 mm, and the mean procedure time was 13.2 ± 11.2 min. Half (40/80) of the lesions were in the duodenal bulb including the superior duodenal angle. Final histological data showed 56 adenomas (70.5%), 13 Brunner gland tumors (16.2%), and 4 pyloric gland tumors (5.0%). The final diagnoses of 5 lesions after ER showed higher-grade dysplasia compared to pre-ER biopsy findings. The en bloc resection rate was 93.8% (75/80), and the complete resection rate with clear margins was 90.0% (72/80). Micro-perforation occurred in 2 of 80 patients and was successfully treated with conservative treatment. There were no cases of delayed bleeding. The mean follow-up period was 27.0 months (2–119 months) with no cases of recurrence.ER may be an effective treatment for NADLs with favorable long-term outcomes. However, the possibility of perforation complications should always be considered during ER.     

Bleeding duodenal hemangioma: morphological changes and endoscopic mucosal resection

Recently, the development of endoscopic procedures has increased the availability of minimally invasive treatments; however, there have been few case reports of duodenal hemangioma treated by endoscopic mucosal resection. The present report describes a case of duodenal hemangioma that showed various endoscopic changes over time and was treated by endoscopic mucosal resection. An 80-year-old woman presented with tarry stools and a loss of appetite. An examination of her blood revealed severe anemia, and her hemoglobin level was 4.2 g/dL. An emergency upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed. A red, protrusive, semipedunculated tumor (approximately 20 mm in diameter) with spontaneous bleeding on its surface was found in the superior duodenal angle. Given the semipedunculated appearance of the tumor, it was suspected to be an epithelial tumor with a differential diagnosis of hyperplastic polyp. The biopsy results suggested a telangiectatic hemangioma. Because this lesion was considered to be responsible for her anemia, endoscopic mucosal resection was performed for diagnostic and treatment purposes after informed consent was obtained. A histopathological examination of the resected specimen revealed dilated and proliferated capillary lumens of various sizes, which confirmed the final diagnosis of duodenal hemangioma. Neither anemia nor tumor recurrence has been observed since the endoscopic mucosal resection (approximately 1 year). Duodenal hemangiomas can be treated endoscopically provided that sufficient consideration is given to all of the possible treatment strategies. Interestingly, duodenal hemangiomas show morphological changes that are influenced by various factors, such as mechanical stimuli.