Investigation of in vitro antioxidant activity of dihydromyricetin and flavonoids rich extract from vine tea(Ampelopsis grossedentata)

Background:Vine tea from fermented Ampelopsis grossedentata leaves has been used as a herbal tea and folk medicine in the southern region of China for hundreds of years.The aim of this investigation was to analyze the total flavonoids found in vine tea,including three bioactive flavonoids,and the total phenolic contents in the aqueous methanol extracts of 10 vine tea samples.In addition,this study also aimed to examine the antioxidant activity of dihydromyricetin and vine tea’s flavonoid-rich extract.Methods:The total flavonoids and total phenolic content assay of extracts from vine tea were performed by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and epoch microplate spectrophotometer,respectively.Three bioactive flavonoids were quantified simultaneously using high performance liquid chromatography.The antioxidant activity of dihydromyricetin and vine tea’s flavonoid-rich extract was evaluated in vitro using six different methods.Results:Vine tea contained a large number of flavonoids,with dihydromyricetin as its main constituent.The flavonoid-rich extract exhibited a significant scavenging effect on superoxide anion radicals,and on 3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals.It also possessed definite activity in lipid peroxidation inhibition,ferric reduction,and the moderation of Fe2+ion chelation ability.There was a significant negative correlation between dihydromyricetin content and antioxidant activity in the vine tea samples,including superoxide anion radical scavenging activity(P=−0.754,P<0.05),lipid peroxidation inhibition activity(P=−0.759,P<0.05),ferric-reducing antioxidant power(P=−0.843,P<0.01),respectively.Dihydromyricetin played a dominant role in the antioxidant activities of the flavonoid-rich extract.Conclusion:Vine tea’s flavonoid-rich extract could be used as a new antioxidant source to safeguard against oxidative stress.     

Review of Rhubarbs: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Rhubarb is a perennial herb belonging to the genus Rheum L. (Polygonaceae). Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (rhubarb roots and rhizomes) is one of the most popular Chinese materia medica and has been widely used for strong laxative function. About 200 compounds with six different types of skeletons (anthraquinone, anthrone, stilbene, flavonoids, acylglucoside, and pyrone) have so far been isolated from eighteen species of the genus Rheum L. These constituents showed extensive pharmacological activities including cathartic, diuretic, anticancer, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects, as well as toxicological effects. Chemical fingerprint, LC-MS, and other analytical techniques have been used for the quality control of rhubarb. This comprehensive review summarizes the researches into the isolation, pharmacological activities, and phytochemical analysis reported since investigations began in the late 1940s. In addition, pharmacokinetic studies and clinical application of rhubarb are also discussed in present paper.     

Analysis of the phytochemical contents and antioxidant activities of crude extracts from Tulbaghia species

OBJECTIVE: To assess the phytochemical contents and antioxidant activities of crude extracts from selected Tulbaghia species.METHODS: Standard methods were used for preliminary phytochemical analysis. The total phenolic acid contents of the plant extracts were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and the total flavonoid contents were determined using the aluminum chloride colorimetric method. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant activities.RESULTS: Phytochemical screening showed flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, terpenoids, saponins,and steroids were present in the Tulbaghia species.The total phenolic acid and flavonoid contents varied in the different plant extracts, ranging from4.50 to 11.10 mg of gallic acid equivalents per gram of fresh material and 3.04 to 9.65 mg of quercetin equivalents per gram, respectively. The IC50 values determined for Tulbaghia alliacea and Tulbaghia violacea based on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(0.06 and 0.08 mg/m L, respectively) and 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(0.06 and 0.03 mg/m L, respectively) were low and showed they had potential antioxidant activities.CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that individual compounds from Tulbaghia species should be isolated for analysis of their antioxidant activity because some compounds may work best when pure.     

Parsley： a review of ethnopharmacology,phytochemistry and bio- logical activities

OBJECTIVE： To summarize comprehensive informa- tion concerning ethnomedicinal uses, phytochem- istry, and pharmacological activities of parsley. METHODS： Databases including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were searched for studies focusing on the ethnomedicinal use, phytochemical compounds and biological and pharmacological activities of parsley. Data were col- lected from 1966 to 2013. The search terms were： ＂Parsley＂ or ＂Petroselinum crispum＂ or ＂Petroseli-num hortence＂. RESULTS： Parsley has been used as carminative, gastro tonic, diuretic, antiseptic of urinary tract, an- ti-urolithiasis, anti-dote and anti-inflammatory and for the treatment of amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, gastrointestinal disorder, hypertension, cardiac dis- ease, urinary disease, otitis, sniffle, diabetes and al- so various dermal disease in traditional and folklore medicines. Phenolic compounds and flavonoids particularly apigenin, apiin and 6-Acetylapiin, es- sential oil mainly myristicin and apiol, and also cou- marins are the active compounds identified in Petroselinum crispum. Wide range of pharmacolog- ical activity including antioxidant, hepatoprotec- tive, brain protective, anti-diabetic, analgesic, spas- molytic, immunosuppressant, anti-platelet, gastro- protective, cytoprotective, laxative, estrogenic, di- uretic, hypotensive, antibacterial and antifungal ac- tivities have been exhibited for this plant in mod- ern medicine. CONCLUSION： It is expectant that this study result- ed in improvement the tendencies toward Petrose- linum crispum as a useful and important medicinal plant with wide range of proven medicinal activity.     

Lobelia chinensis: chemical constituents and anticancer activity perspective简

Research has demonstrated that many chemical constituents dominated by piperidine alkaloids and flavonoids, such as lo- belanidine, lobeline, and lobelanine, have been obtained from Lobelia chinensis Lour. Experimental studies and clinical applica- tions have also indicated that L. chinensis possesses a number of pharmacological activities （e.g., diuretic, choleretic, breathing ex- citement, anti-venom, anti-bacterial, and anticancer）. This paper focuses on the properties, chemical constituents, and anticancer activity of L. chinensis to clarify the connection among them, and identify the active anticancer compounds. This work serves as the foundation for further research and development ofL. chinensis.     

Antioxidant activity and phenol and flavonoid contents of eight medicinal plants from Western Nepal

OBJECTIVE： The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity, phenolic and flavonoids contents of selected medicinal plants form the Western region of Nepal.METHODS： The antioxidant activity of selected medicinal plants were determined by using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity; total ferric ion reducing ability through spectroscopic analysis. The content of total phenols was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, whereas Aluminum chloride colorimetric method was used for flavonoid determination.RESULTS： Extracts of Syzygium Operculatus（87%）,Astilbe Rivularis（83%） and Mallotus Philippnensis（88%） showed significant free radical scavenging activity with effective concentration（EC50） close to that of ascorbic acid. Syzygium Operculatus（96%）,Astilbe Rivularis（97%） and Mallotus Philippnensis（97%） had potent reducing power in concentration dependent fashion. Those plant extract with higher free radical scavenging and ferric reducing effect also showed the greater content of both phenols and flavonoids, suggesting the correlation between polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity. Those plant extracts which showed better antioxidant activity assays, also demonstrated higher total phenol and flavonoid contents. These three plants showed the presence of higher amount of phenols and flavonoids.CONCLUSION： This study may provide the scientific basis for the traditional use of those plants and may provide valuable idea for further research.     

Effects of Buyang Huanwu Decoction on antioxidant and drug-metabolizing enzymes in rat liver

AIM： To study the effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction （BYHWD） on the antioxidant enzymes and drug-metabolizing enzymes in rat liver. METHOD： Following treatment of rats with BYHWD at 6.42, 12.83, or 25.66 g.kg^-1 per day for 15 days, microsomes and cytosols isolated from the liver tissues were prepared by differential centrifugation according to standard procedures. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes and cytochrome b5, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, CYP3A, CYP2E1, UGT, and GST of the rat livers were determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. RESULTS： The activities of ALT, AST, antioxidant enzymes, and the Hepatosomatic Index in serum were not significantly affected. In cytosols, the activity of CAT was significantly increased at the dosage of 12.83 g.kg^-1, and all the other antioxidant activities and MDA levels were not affected by this treatment. BYHWD had no effect on cytochrome b5, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, CYP3A, and UGT. At the highest dose （25.66 g-kg^-1）, the activity of CYP2E1 was significantly inhibited, and the activities of GST and the level of GSH were increased. CONCLUSION： BYHWD is safe for the liver, and has the functions of detoxification and antioxidant. Patients should be cautioned about the herb-drug interaction of BYHWD and CYP2E 1 substrates.     

Cistanches Herba : Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Effects

Cistanches Herba, known as ‘‘Ginseng of the desert', is authenticated from the dried succulent stems of Cistanche deserticola and Cistanche tubulosa. As a famous remedy in China for tonic the kidney, it is used to treat "kidney-deficiency syndrome"-induced diseases such as infertility, forgetfulness, hearing lost, chronic constipation, etc.. As various biological activities, including anti-aging, antioxidant, estrogenic, anti-osteoporotic, and anti- inflammation effects, have been discovered, here we reviewed Cistanches Herba in biological characteristics, chemical constituents, and pharmacological activities.     

Oplopanax elatus（Nakai） Nakai： chemistry,traditional use and pharmacology

Oplopanax elatus（Nakai） Nakai, a member of the ancient angiosperm plant family Araliaceae, is used for the treatment of different disorders in the medicine systems of China, Russia, and Korea, and was designated in Russia as a classical adaptogen. Despite extensive studies of classical adaptogens, there are comparatively few reports concerning the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of O. elatus in English. The plant is a potential source of saponins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, terpenes, and other active compounds. Experimental studies and clinical applications have indicated that O. elatus possesses a number of pharmacological activities, including adaptogenic, anti-convulsant, anti-diabetic, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, blood pressure modulating, and reproductive function effects. In this review, the chemistry, safety, and therapeutic potential of O. elatus are summarized and highlighted to encourage the further development of this plant.     

Antioxidant activity profiling by spectrophotometric methods of aqueous methanolic extracts of Helichrysum stoechas subsp,rupestre and Phagnalon saxatile subsp,saxatile

AIM： The aqueous methanolic extracts of two plants from Algeria, Helichrysum stoechas subsp, rupestre and Phagnalon saxatile subsp, saxatile, were investigated for their antioxidant activity. METHOD： Total phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins were determined by spectrophotometric techniques..In vitro antioxidant and radical scavenging profiling was determined by spectrophotometrie methods, through： Total antioxidant capacity, and radical scavenging effects by the DPPH and ABTS methods, reducing and chelating power, and blanching inhibition of the β-carotene. RESULTS： All of the extracts showed interesting antioxidant and radical scavenging activity. The highest contents in phenolics, tannins, and the highest total antioxidant capacity as gallic acid equivalents of 97.5 ± 0.33 mg GAE/g DW was obtained for the flowers of H. stoechas subsp, rupestre extract in the phosphomolybdenum assay. An extract of the leafy stems of P. saxatile subsp. saxatile revealed the highest content of flavonoids, and the highest antioxidant activity by the radical scavenging and fl-carotene assays when compared with standards. The best activity was by the scavenging radical DPPH with an IC50 value of 5.65 ± 0.10 μg.mL^-1. CONCLUSION- The studied medicinal plants could provide scientific evidence for some traditional uses in the treatment of dis- eases related to the production of reactive oxygen species （ROS） and oxidative stress.     

香青兰总黄酮对心肌缺血再灌注损伤大鼠氧化应激和线粒体的保护作用

目的 研究香青兰总黄酮对心肌缺血再灌注损伤(MIRI)过程中氧化应激和线粒体损伤的影响.方法 结扎大鼠冠状动脉左前降支缺血30 min,再灌注灌2 h构建MIRI模型.SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、香青兰总黄酮组、香青兰总黄酮+AMPK抑制剂Compound C组、香青兰总黄酮+SIRT1抑制剂EX-527组,每组...     

毛诃子化学成分及药理作用研究进展

毛诃子是使君子科植物毗黎勒的干燥成熟果实,主要分布在我国西藏、云南等地区,是藏族医学体系中广泛应用的药物之一。毛诃子化学成分复杂,包括鞣质、甾体、萜类、黄酮、木脂素等类。毛诃子在藏族医学体系中用于治疗各种隆型、赤巴型及培根型疾病;在中医体系中,可用于治疗热症、泻痢及病后虚弱。现代药理学研究表明,毛诃子有抗氧化、抗炎、抑菌、降血糖、抗肿瘤等活性,可以用于神经退行性疾病、肝肾损伤、癌症等的治疗。对毛诃子的化学成分及药理作用进行总结归纳,以期为其在疾病治疗中的深入研究及开发应用提供参考。     

玉米须黄酮类化学成分及药理作用研究进展

玉米须为我国传统的中草药,含有多种活性成分,黄酮类化合物是其主要活性物质之一,具有很多重要的生理活性。作者查阅了近35年中外文献,综述了国内外玉米须黄酮类化学成分结构及其药理作用的研究进展,以期为玉米须的药用价值提供理论依据。随着仪器和科技的进步,玉米须黄酮类化合物引起越来越多科学家的关注,目前已从玉米须中分离出29种黄酮类化合物,主要包括黄酮(木犀草素,芹菜素)、黄酮醇(异鼠李素)、异黄酮(芒柄花素)和黄酮苷类。药理学研究表明,玉米须黄酮具有调节血脂、抗糖尿病、抗心血管疾病、抗氧化活性、抗癌、抑菌性、抗疲劳等药理活性。然而,大多数研究对象是天然黄酮,不同单体化合物的药理活性和作用机制尚不明确,未能正确的归属化合物结构和活性。此外,药理活性的研究仅处于体外研究阶段,还需要临床实验的进一步验证。     

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??OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of Dracocephalum total flavonoids(TFDM) on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury(MIRI)induced autophagy in rat. METHODS In vivo MIRI model was established with ischemia 30 min and reperfusion 120 min, by ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery. TFDM(30 mg??kg^-1??d^-1) and autophagy activator(1 mg??kg^-1??d^-1) or inhibitor(25 mg??kg^-1??d^-1) pretreatment was given before making the model. The MIRI-induced infarct size, the activities of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB) in plasma and apoptosis protein caspase-3 in tissue and the expression level of autophagy-related proteins LC3, Beclin-1 were observed. RESULTS Compared with model group, the experiment revealed that autophagy inhibitor alleviated MIRI-induced myocardial damage by decreasing the infarct size, myocardial enzyme LDH and CK-MB leak; and reducing apoptosis protein caspase-3 activity level. In addition, TFDM pretreatment significantly inhibited the expression of autophagy-related proteins LC3 and Beclin-1. CONCLUSION TFDM shows inhibitory effects on MIRI-induced autophagy,which may play an important role in the protection against MIRI.     

桑属植物中异戊烯基黄酮类化合物及其药理活性研究进展

桑科桑属植物在我国分布广泛,其枝、叶、根皮、果实均可入药,具有很高的药用价值。目前从桑属植物中分离得到的化学成分有黄酮、生物碱、香豆素、萜类、多糖等,其中异戊烯基黄酮类化合物为其特征成分,具有抗菌、抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗病毒、降血压、降血糖、抗氧化等多种药理活性。主要对桑属植物中异戊烯基黄酮类化合物及其药理活性的研究进展进行综述,为桑属植物的开发利用和药效物质研究提供参考。     

黄酮类化合物合成途径及合成生物学研究进展

黄酮类化合物是来源于植物的一类重要的次生代谢产物,具有抗癌、抗氧化、抗炎、降低血管脆性等多种药理作用。黄酮类化合物的主要合成途径已经研究得比较清晰,即首先合成二氢黄酮类的柚皮素或松属素,然后进一步通过分支途径合成黄酮、异黄酮、黄酮醇、黄烷醇和花色素等。黄酮生物合成途径的解析为其合成生物学研究奠定了基础。利用合成生物学技术已成功在大肠杆菌或酵母中合成了黄酮类化合物,如柚皮素、松属素和非瑟酮等。合成生物学研究为黄酮类化合物提供了新的来源,将进一步推动黄酮类药物和保健品的研发,使其在人类饮食和健康等领域发挥更大的作用。     

高良姜化学成分及药理活性的研究

对近年来有关高良姜化学成分和药理作用的研究进行介绍,高良姜为一种常用中药,其化学成分主要包括挥发油类、黄酮类、二芳基庚烷类、苯丙素类、糖苷类等。药理学研究表明高良姜具有抗菌作用、抗病毒作用、抗肿瘤作用、抗氧化作用、抗胃肠道出血作用、抗溃疡作用和胃黏膜保护作用等。无论是高良姜粗提物还是其中所包含的具体的化学成分都表现出较好的药理活性,尤其是高良姜中的二芳基庚烷类化合物和黄酮类化合物的药理活性的研究比较广泛,他们在抗肿瘤、抗氧化以及与其他药物联合应用抗多重耐药菌株方面的应用日益受到人们的关注。今后在探讨高良姜中的二芳基庚烷类化合物和黄酮类化合物的药理活性时,更应该注重同类成分之间的相互比较,寻找药理活性必须基团,明确构效关系,深入探讨作用机制,进一步促进高良姜药材的综合开发利用。     

紫菀的研究进展及质量标志物预测分析

紫菀是临床常用的化痰止咳要药,始载于《神农本草经》。紫菀化学成分丰富,主要包括萜类及其苷、肽类、黄酮、蒽醌、香豆素、有机酸、酚类、甾醇、挥发油及苯丙素类等。现代药理学研究表明,紫菀在抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抗氧化等方面也具有显著的药理活性。对紫菀的资源分布、化学成分、药理活性研究进展进行综述,并依据质量标志物的概念及确定原则对紫菀的质量标志物进行预测分析,以期为紫菀质量标准的深入研究提供参考。     

番荔枝科植物之黄酮类化合物及其生物活性研究进展

在过去20余年从番荔枝科植物中分离得到的黄酮类新化合物50余个。这些黄酮类化合物结构新颖,生物活性强。由于该科植物中黄酮类化合物结构的新颖性和药理活性的广泛性,使得对该科植物黄酮类化合物的研究成为热点。为此,对该科植物黄酮类化合物20余年的研究进行总结,对其中具有生物活性的化合物,特别是具有抗肿瘤活性的黄酮类化合物进行归纳。     

罗勒化学成分和药理作用研究新进展

对罗勒的化学成分、药理活性的研究进展进行综述。罗勒中的化学成分主要为挥发油、黄酮类、生物碱类、脂肪酸类等。罗勒具有广泛的药理作用,包括抗菌作用、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗血栓、降血糖、降血脂、抗突变、抗寄生虫等。罗勒作为药食两用植物,应用前景广阔。