基于“智慧课堂”的多元整合式教学模式在诊断学教学中的应用

在三教改革的背景下,为改变诊断学教学中存在的教学方式较为单一、学生学习的积极性及职业认同感较低的现状,提高学生职业核心素养,需基于“智慧课堂”平台进行多元整合式教学。通过智慧课堂进行教学活动的展开,课前创建学习任务,课中展示学习成果,课后监测评价学习效果,教学内容丰富,教学形式多样化且灵活,可实现课堂学习与课下学习相结合,线上与线下学习相结合,促进信息化教学的发展,进一步推进教学改革。秉承着“以学生为主体,教师为主导”的教学理念,采用多元整合式教学有助于提高学生的学习积极性及主动性,培养学生的临床思维能力、医患沟通能力及人文素养,有助于增强职业认同感及职业信念,帮助学生树立正确的价值观及人生航标。     

仪器分析课程多元混合交互式线上教学模式实践

为了提升在线课程的教学效果,以仪器分析课程为试点,基于“超星泛雅SPOC平台+学习通+腾讯会议+即时社交软件”开展了线上教学改革探索,构建了“课前导学-课中讲学-课后练学-课外研学”的多元混合交互式“四学”教学模式。该模式打破了课程教学与学习的时空壁垒,激发了教师教学热情,带动了学生学习动力,加强了师生互动交流,提升了课程课堂活力,提高了课程教学效果。     

金课背景下中医儿科学线上线下一体化教学模式实践应用

在教育部提出全面建设5类金课的背景下,线上教学如何与传统的线下课堂面授教学相衔接,并结合翻转课堂的形式,以实现金课的高阶性、创新性和挑战度的标准,是各级政府支持和以院校为主体建设的课程项目。通过对中医儿科学线上线下一体化教学模式的实践应用,结合实际开展的工作,分别从线上课程建设、一体化教学的实践应用、自媒体时代特色的教学管理、多维的课程评价方式、教学改革成效等方面进行了论述,为中医药院校线上线下混合式教学模式的改革提供了借鉴方法。     

基于“虚实结合”的教学模式在医用有机化学教学中的应用研究

《医用有机化学》是在我国医科院校中普遍开设的一门公共基础课程,知识体系庞杂。将“虚实结合”的教学模式融入到教学中,可以对有限的课堂时间进行扩容,并通过微课录制的方式将重难点、三维动画机制及虚拟仿真实验呈现给学生,对于学生复习和知识归纳起到积极的作用,与课堂教学相辅相成。问卷调查显示,“虚实结合”的教学模式对于推动知识内化起到了很好的作用,达到了提高教学效果的目的。     

基于课程思政的慕课联合翻转课堂在外科护理教学中的实践

目的 探讨基于课程思政视角的慕课联合翻转课堂在外科护理教学中的实践效果。方法 将安徽中医药大学2019级护理专业本科生按照班级随机分为观察组和对照组，观察组实施基于课程思政的翻转课堂联合慕课教学，对照组采用多媒体讲授式教学结合实训教学，分析并比较两组外科护理学成绩和教学前后学生学习倦态得分及专业承诺得分。结果 观察组外科护理学成绩高于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。观察组教学后学习倦态各维度得分均低于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组教学后专业承诺各维度得分均高于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 在外科护理教学中采用基于课程思政的翻转课堂联合慕课的教学模式，有助于缓解护理本科生学习倦态、提高学习成绩，进而提升学生专业能力和稳定专业思想。     

微课教学在实地解剖学教学中的初步探索

“微课”是以教学微视频为核心,围绕重点知识点、疑难问题、实验操作等进行的短小精悍的课程教学应用。实地解剖学课程要求掌握解剖操作和理论知识点是医学生的学习难点,为培养医学生在实地解剖学教学中的自主学习能力,提高剖学教学水平,作者在传统教学方法中融入”微课”教学。针对课程特点和教学计划设计”微课”内容,精心组织实施,有效提高了学生在实地解剖学课程学习中的学习效率,拓展了课堂空间,为探求关于人体解剖学的教学改革提供了新思路。     

微信移动学习在高职高专药学专业药物分析课程中的实践与探索

目的:为提高药物分析课程教学质量提供参考。方法:先注册微信公众平台,并在课前、课中、课后进行补充教学。结果:注册了名称为"重庆医高专药物分析"的微信公众平台,下设了"精品资源"和"学习互动"2个一级模块,"精品课件""课前教案""精品视频""课堂习题""疑难解惑""经典案例"6个二级模块。课前,学生可通过该平台预习;课中,教师可根据该平台进行回顾教学;课后,教师可测试学生的学习效果,为学生解答疑问,且学生也可巩固课堂知识。课后效果评价显示,教学改革班学生及格率与对照班级比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且教学改革班级的学生满意度较高(87.07%)。结论:微信移动教学模式对药物分析课程进行补充教学,可提高学生的学习参与积极性,提高学生的学习成绩,学生的满意度较高,可为提高该课程的教学质量提供参考。     

本科生《医学免疫学》理论教学探讨

由于《医学免疫学》理论抽象、概念较多、发展迅速等学科特点,使其成为医科院校本科生感觉难学但又非常重要的一门基础医学课程。在多年的教学过程中我们不断改革和创新,探索一些行之有效的教学方式。首先,针对本科不同专业学生特点,以教材为主设置教学内容;其次在课堂理论教学过程中进行框架式导课、三级案例启发式教学并结合多种教学方式和教学手段;最后在课程中课程之后及时对学生进行评估反馈,通过五个方面的改进和探索来提高《医学免疫学》在本科生中理论教学效果。     

高职高专药理学教学与翻转课堂结合实践

目的 探讨翻转教学在高职高专药理学教学中的应用可能。方法 分析高职高专药理学教学和课程的特点，总结现存问题，结合翻转课堂的特点及其在高职高专学校的应用经验，分析其应用方法及应用前景。结果 翻转课堂能增强师生互动，有效激发学生自主学习的积极性和主观能动性，培养学生的创新思维能力，并让教师更全面地掌握学生学习中的不足及其课前准备和知识掌握情况，便于因材施教，提高教学效果。结论 翻转课堂与高职高专药理学教学能很好地结合，相较传统教学法优势明显，应用前景广阔。     

临床医学专业《治疗心力衰竭的药物》说课探讨

说课是为优化教学课堂、提高教学效果而进行的一种集体教学研究活动。本文通过说教材、说学情、说教学目标及重难点等对《治疗心力衰竭的药物》进行说课设计,以提高备课质量、教研活动实效、教学效果,为探求新型药理学教学模式提供依据。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.