湘西州留守与非留守中学生精神成瘾行为及影响因素分析

了解湘西州留守与非留守中学生精神成瘾行为情况及网络成瘾影响因素,为积极开展相关健康教育提供参考.方法 分层随机整群抽取湘西州2 251名中学生,其中留守1 124名,非留守1 127名,并对其长时间上网、网络成瘾、长时间玩电子游戏行为进行问卷调查.结果 非留守中学女生长时间上网的报告率(13.69%)高于留守女生(7.19%);非留守初中生(18.84%)、高中生(18.07%)长时间玩电子游戏的报告率高于留守初中生(11.96%)、高中生(12.59%);农村非留守中学生(9.59%)网络成瘾的报告率高于农村留守中学生(6.21%),差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).Logistic回归显示,留守中学生网络成瘾的危险因素有男生,上网以游戏为主,心情很少或有时、经常或总是不愉快(OR值分别为6.452,1.850,3.263,3.045,P值均<0.05);非留守中学生网络成瘾的危险因素有男生,单亲、其他家庭类型,很少或有时、经常或总是心情不好、父亲学历为初中及高中(OR值分别为2.400,2.558,4.801,3.821,1.794,2.582,P值均<0.05),保护因素有学习成绩中等(OR=0.246,P=0.001).结论 非留守较留守中学生更易发生精神成瘾行为,应引导其正确使用计算机和网络,控制上网时间,并积极开展相关健康教育.     

凤凰县城乡中学生健康危险行为比较分析

摘要:目的 了解凤凰县城乡中学生健康危险行为现状及差异,为少数民族地区卫生、教育部门制定相关政策提供参考。方法 分层随机整群抽取凤凰县城乡中学生1 348名进行健康危险行为问卷调查。[HTH]结果〓[HTSS]凤凰县中学生不喝牛奶、常看电视、到非安全场所游泳、尝试吸烟、≤13岁吸烟、玩电子游戏成瘾的报告率分别为68.25%、58.01%、2915%、39.84%、29.53%、14.76%。其中,不喝牛奶、缺乏体育锻炼、到非安全场所游泳、上学无安全感、尝试吸烟、每天吸烟、≤13岁吸烟报告率乡村男生均高于城市男生（P<0.05）;不喝牛奶、经常或总是心情不愉快报告率乡村女生均高于城市女生（P<0.01）;常看电视、课外补习≧4 h/d、常玩电子游戏、玩电子游戏成瘾报告率城市女生均高于乡村女生（P<0.05）。结论 针对凤凰县城乡中学生健康危险行为出现的不同问题提出相应预防措施,有效控制和减少中学生健康危险行为的发生,提高其身体健康素质。     

云南省中小学生青春期性教育需求调查

目的 了解当前中小学学生性健康认知和性教育需求现状,为全面性教育的开展提供依据.方法 于2021年5月采用自填式问卷开展匿名调查.通过分层随机整群抽样获得3 241例中小学生性健康认知和性教育需求调查数据.采用x2检验和多因素logistic回归进行统计分析.结果 小学生的性健康知识及格率和优良率为50.0％和19.2...     

江西省农村初中生健康素养对新冠肺炎疫情防护知信行的影响

  目的  了解江西省农村地区初中生健康素养对新冠肺炎疫情防护知信行的影响,为提升初中生应对突发公共卫生事件的能力提供参考。  方法  采用分层整群随机抽样法,对江西省农村地区的4 311名七至八年级学生健康素养及新冠肺炎疫情防护知识水平和行为进行调查;运用χ2检验和Logistic回归分析初中生健康素养与新冠肺炎疫情防护知信行之间的关联。  结果  农村地区初中生健康素养高水平比例为18.21%(785名),中水平为56.92%(2 454名),低水平为24.87%(1 072名)。农村地区初中生新冠肺炎疫情防护知识知晓率较低(63.49%),防护态度积极率为74.25%,良好防护行为具备率为85.36%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,高水平健康素养者新冠肺炎疫情防护知识知晓率(OR=4.85,95%CI=3.80~6.18)、防护态度积极率(OR=44.07,95%CI=24.57~79.05)、防护行为具备率(OR=25.99,95%CI=19.67~34.35)均高于低水平健康素养者(P值均 < 0.01)。  结论  江西省农村地区初中生健康素养与新冠肺炎疫情防护知信行之间存在正向关联,为提升初中生应对突发公共卫生事件的能力提供了方向。     

Brief Report:Participant Satisfaction in an Adult Telehealth Education Program Using Interactive Compressed Video Delivery Methods in Rural Arkansas

CONTEXT: Rural Americans have less access than their urban counterparts to health promotion information. PURPOSE: To assess differences in program satisfaction associated with age, gender, ethnicity, community size, and education among participants in an Arkansas adult telehealth education program that utilized interactive video technology. METHODS: A program evaluation instrument was administered to a convenience sample of 2567 people who participated in the program from 1996 through 1999. FINDINGS: The evaluation instrument demonstrated adequate internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.85) and construct validity. Older adults, blacks, American Indians, and participants from smaller rural communities and with a high school degree or less had significantly greater satisfaction (P < .001 to P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that socioeconomic and demographic factors can affect satisfaction with telehealth education programs.     

农村寄宿初中生心理健康影响因素分析

探究农村初中生寄宿与心理健康现状及相互关系,为促进农村寄宿学生心理健康提供依据.方法 采用随机分层抽样法选取陕西7 947名农村初中生为研究样本,运用自制学生基本情况调查问卷和心理健康诊断测验(MHT)进行调查.通过描述性统计方法分析农村初中生的寄宿和心理健康现状,通过OLS回归分析探究目前是否寄宿、寄宿起始年级、是否寄宿过与心理健康的关系.结果 农村初中生严重心理问题检出率为2.0%(162/7 947),单项倾向检出率为71.8%(5 707/7 947).目前是否寄宿、寄宿起始年级与MHT得分相关性均无统计学意义(β值分别为0.367,0.275,P值均>0.05);是否寄宿过与MHT得分相关性有统计学意义(β=0.461,P<0.01).性别、留级和师生关系与农村初中生心理健康相关性均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01).结论 是否寄宿过与农村初中生的心理健康关系显著,女生、留级生、师生关系差的学生心理健康状况更差.需要更加关注有寄宿经历学生的心理健康发展.     

贵州省农村初中生健康危险行为共存模式及影响因素分析

目的 了解贵州省农村初中生健康危险行为共存模式及影响因素。方法 采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法抽取贵州省5个市（州）的4 452名农村初中生进行问卷调查。结果 贵州省农村初中生健康危险行为共存模式分为暴力与自杀意念共存模式组（15.1%）、偏食与自伤行为共存模式组（49.1%）、失眠与孤独感共存模式组（2.9%）、低风险组（32.9%）4个组别。无序多分类logistic回归分析发现,遭受家庭暴力（OR = 8.746, 95%CI:5.507～13.889）、学业压力较大（OR = 3.024, 95%CI: 2.083～4.389）等因素是暴力与自杀意念共存模式组的危险因素,学业压力较大（OR = 2.687, 95%CI: 2.032～3.553）、亲子关系较差（OR = 2.515, 95%CI:1.508～4.195）等因素是偏食与自伤行为共存模式组的危险因素,学业压力较大（OR = 5.308, 95%CI:2.514～11.208）、同伴关系较差（OR = 4.719, 95%CI:2.094～10.639）等因素是失眠与孤独感共存模式组的危险因素（P值均＜0.05）。结论 贵州省农村初中生健康危险行为共存模式特征明显并受多种因素影响。     

Health professions career awareness program for seventh- and eighth-grade African-American students: a pilot study

This exploratory, cross-sectional study was designed to gauge the interest and health career choices of African-American students before high school and to determine their level of satisfaction with a health career awareness program. Over a three-year period, 133 seventh-grade students (47%) and eighth-grade students (53%) enrolled in a Southside Chicago Catholic school were recruited; 98% were African-American. The students participated in a career awareness program, which consisted of lectures, video presentation, interactive discussion, and college campus visits. Each student completed a questionnaire that sought demographic information, health career choice, career preference, and level of satisfaction with the awareness program implemented. For career choice, 39% of the students selected "doctor" and dentist, 28% selected occupational therapy, 15% selected social work, 11% selected nursing, and 7% selected health information administration. The majority of the students (51%) were "very satisfied" and 49% were "satisfied" with the program that was implemented. We found no discernable difference in the health career interest and career choice of the study participants over the three-year period. Our findings reconfirmed a continuing limited level of awareness about allied health professions among African-American students before high school. Follow-up studies should expand the scope and contents of the awareness program to include other health professions, field trips, and mentoring by health care providers or health professional students.     

中国六座城市中学生健康素养与意外伤害发生的关系

了解中学生健康素养与意外伤害发生之间的关联,为制定干预学生意外伤害发生的策略提供依据.方法 2015年11月至2016年1月,采用方便整群抽样方法,在沈阳、蚌埠、新乡、内蒙古乌兰察布市、重庆和阳江市抽取初、高中学生22 628名进行问卷调查.调查内容包括一般人口统计学指标、健康素养水平和意外伤害评定量表.比较不同特征的中学生健康素养水平、意外伤害发生率的差异,并分析健康素养对意外伤害发生的影响.结果 中学生青少年互动性健康素养问卷总得分为(104.06±18.68)分.高中生、农村学生、非独生子女、住校生、家庭经济状况差和父/母文化程度低的学生健康素养得分均低于相对应组的学生,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为20.598,-13.081,5.266,-17.530,294.662,-18.116,-20.244,P值均<0.01).意外伤害的发生率为46.7%,男生、初中生、农村学生、非独生子女、父/母亲文化程度较低的学生意外伤害发生率均高于相对应组的学生,且差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01).发生意外伤害的中学生健康素养总分和健康意识、精神成长、压力管理、人际关系4个维度的得分均低于无意外伤害的学生,而体力活动、营养的得分高于无意外伤害的学生(P值均<0.01).多因素Logistic回归分析发现,中、低水平的健康素养增加意外伤害的发生风险(OR值分别为1.323,1.410,P值均<0.01).结论 可通过提高学生的健康素养水平,减少意外伤害的发生.     

江西省农村初中生健康素养与不良饮食行为的关联

  目的  了解江西省农村地区初中生健康素养状况与不良饮食行为的关联,为探索改善学生不良饮食行为的矫正策略提供参考。  方法  采用分层整群随机抽样法对江西省农村地区50所中学4 311名七至八年级学生的健康素养及不良饮食行为进行问卷调查,运用χ2检验和Logistic回归分析初中生健康素养与不良饮食行为之间的关联。  结果  农村地区初中生健康素养水平具备率(≥58分)为18.21%。不良饮食行为发生率相对较高,其中三餐时间不固定的报告率最高,为62.33%,其次为经常喝含糖饮料(54.60%)、不经常喝奶制品(50.38%)、不每天吃早餐(36.23%)、不经常食用蔬果(19.53%)。低水平健康素养者三餐时间不固定(OR=1.35,95%CI=1.11~1.65)、不每天吃早餐(OR=1.23,95%CI=1.01~1.49)、不经常喝奶制品(OR=1.29,95%CI=1.07~1.55)、不经常食用蔬果(OR=1.45,95%CI=1.10~1.92)和经常喝含糖饮料(OR=1.39,95%CI=1.15~1.68)的风险均高于高水平健康素养者(P值均<0.05)。  结论  江西省农村地区初中生健康素养与不良饮食行为之间存在关联,学校、家庭、政府及有关部门可以通过提升初中生健康素养水平来矫正其不良饮食行为,以改善初中生的健康状况。     

初中生与教师对心理健康教育内容态度比较

目的调查初中生及教师对心理健康教育内容的态度,为确定初中生心理健康教育的重点提供依据。方法采用自行编制的初中心理健康教育主题调查问卷,调查了372名初中生和80名初中教师。结果教师和学生一致认为学习指导、人际交往指导是初中生最需要帮助的内容;在情绪控制和升学择业方面,二者观点不完全一致。结论学校设计心理健康教育内容时,应重点加强对学生学习方法和策略、人际交往技能、异性交往方法、乐观态度养成、升学择业等方面的教育和指导。     

达斡尔族留守学生生活满意度与心理健康的关系

目的 探讨达斡尔族留守学生生活满意度对心理健康的影响,为改善其心理健康状况提供参考.方法 采用整群抽样的方法,抽取齐齐哈尔市富拉尔基区达斡尔族聚集地的五所中学(两所初中,三所高中)作为调查地区,进行不记名形式的问卷调查,运用SAS 9.2软件进行统计分析.结果 留守学生家庭满意度(Z=-2.363,P=0.018)及生...     

Teacher beliefs, professional preparation, and practices regarding exceptional students and sexuality education

Sexuality education, part of the comprehensive school health education component of a Coordinated School Health Program, interests many health educators as well as special education teachers. In this study, Florida special educators reported their beliefs about teaching sexuality education to educable mentally disabled students, the range of sexuality topics they teach, and their professional preparation in sexuality education. Respondents (n = 494) completed a mailed instrument that included the 36 sexuality content areas identified by the Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States. Respondents believed strongly that many of the sexuality topics and content areas should be taught to educable mentally disabled students. However, most reported delivering only a modest amount of sexuality education, and they rated their professional preparation as inadequate. Regression analyses documented that respondents' beliefs predicted the topics they actually taught within 5 of the 6 key concepts. This study supports collaboration between health educators and special education teachers to adapt existing sexuality curricula for students with special needs, improve professional preparation of special education teachers to teach sexuality education, and to more effectively implement comprehensive school health education through the Coordinated School Health Program model to special education students.     

烟台市中小学生健康危险行为分析

目的 了解烟台市中小学生健康危险行为现况,为制定干预政策提供科学依据。方法 2018年 10月采用分层整群抽样的方法抽取烟台市13区县39所城乡学校11125名在校学生进行问卷调查。结果 烟台市中小学生过去7天不良饮食行为、尝试吸烟行为和曾饮酒行为报告率分别为46.36%、3.14%和10.07%,均为高中生高于初中生,初中生高于小学生;男生高于女生(P<0.01)。在过去7天,学生被动吸烟率为66.41%。过去30天里,校园欺凌相关行为报告率为1.92%,小学生和初中生高于高中生,男生高于女生(P<0.01)。结论 烟台市中小学生中健康危险行为现状不容忽视,相关部门应根据不同危险行为的发生特点,开展针对性的健康干预措施。     

Implementation of a coordinated school health program in a rural, low-income community

Background: Coordinated school health programs (CSHPs) bring together educational and community resources in the school environment. This method is particularly important in rural areas like Kansas, where resources and trained health professionals are in short supply. Rural Stafford County, Kansas, struggles with health professional shortages and a low-income, high-need population. Methods: In 2001, Stafford County’s Unified School District 349 began a multiyear CSHP development process, which required adaptations for implementation in a rural area. First, a CSHP team was formed of community and administrative stakeholders as well as school system representatives. Next, the CSHP team assessed school district demographics so the program framework could be targeted to health needs. During a yearlong planning phase, the CSHP team determined 4 priority areas for program development, as limited staff and funds precluded developing programs in all 8 traditional CSHP areas. Program activities were tailored to the population demographics and available resources. Results: Program outcomes were supported by School Health Index (SHI) data. Of the 8 CSHP focus areas, the SHI found high scores in 3 of the Stafford CSHP’s priority areas: Health Services; Psychological, Counseling, and Social Services; and Physical Education. The fourth Stafford CSHP priority area, Nutrition Services, scored similarly to the less prioritized areas. Conclusions: The process by which the Stafford school district modified and implemented CSHP methods can serve as a model for CSHPs in other rural, high-need areas.     

武陵山区农村中学生健康危险行为及其影响因素分析

了解武陵山区农村中学生健康危险行为现况及其影响因素,为制定干预措施、开展健康安全教育提供参考.方法 分层随机整群抽取武陵山区农村1 091名在校中学生,对缺乏体育锻炼、非安全场所游泳、自杀意念、吸烟、饮酒、网络成瘾等健康危险行为进行问卷调查,并对其影响因素进行非条件Logistic回归分析.结果 武陵山区农村中学生缺乏体育锻炼、非安全场所游泳、偏食、吸烟、饮酒、网络成瘾、自杀意念的报告率分别为70.49%,64.62%,26.86%,21.81%,26.76%,15.58%,18.24%.Logistic回归分析显示,初中生易发生偏食、网络成瘾行为(OR值分别为0.68,0.49),高中生易发生非安全场所游泳、自杀意念行为(OR值分别为1.57,0.46);女生易发生偏食、缺乏体育锻炼、自杀意念行为(OR值分别为0.71,0.65,0.44),男生易发生吸烟、网络成瘾、非安全场所游泳行为(OR值分别为6.75,3.54,2.20);独生子女是偏食的危险因素(OR=1.55),孤独是偏食、非安全场所游泳、自杀意念的危险因素(OR值分别为1.70,1.45,1.54),网络成瘾是偏食、自杀意念的危险因素(OR值分别为1.71,1.87).结论 农村中学生健康安全问题突出,普遍存在健康危险行为;学校应及早采取相关健康教育措施.     

综合干预模式对农村留守初中生心理健康干预效果研究

评估学校一家庭一个人综合干预对农村留守中学生心理健康的即时效果和远期效果,为农村留守中学生心理健康干预提供建议和依据.方法 采用中国中学生心理健康量表筛查遵义地区6所农村中学心理健康水平差的留守初中生,选取其中3所学校的55名学生为实验组进行综合干预,另3所学校选取53名学生为对照组.在干预前后及干预结束6个月后3个时间点进行评估.结果 干预后,实验组抑郁、人际关系敏感等因子得分均较对照组低(1.79±0.27与2.57±0.50;1.64±0.37与2.68±0.49);干预结束6个月后,实验组抑郁、人际关系敏感等因子得分均较对照组低(1.85±0.30与2.50±0.46;1.81±0.40与2.55±0.51),差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01).干预后,实验组在表达看法、了解自己、增加自信、乐于分享、感觉活动经验有意义、感觉信任和坦诚方面得分均比干预前升高,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).结论 综合干预对留守初中生心理健康水平具有较好的改善效果,并随着时间的推移,效果得以保持.     

Rural Health Leaders Pipeline, 1990–2005: Case Study of a Second-Generation Rural Medical Education Program

ABSTRACT

A pipeline model has been suggested to increase the rural physician supply. This study is an institutional case report used to describe the context, development, and in-house evaluation of the University of Alabama Rural Health Leaders Pipeline, 1990–2005. This program was developed at a University of Alabama School of Medicine branch campus to target rural students at multiple levels, elementary schools through residency, and includes a minority focus. Requirements to enter the medical program include living 8 years in rural Alabama, meeting admission requirements, and affinity for rural lifestyles. Twenty-six percent of 316 high school participants, all 40 students in the minority-focused college program, and 3% of 90 medical program students were African American. The program includes (1) puppet shows in elementary schools depicting different health professions, (2) Rural Health Scholars Program for 11th-grade students, (3) Minority Rural Health Pipeline Program for college students, (4) Rural Medical Scholars Program, a 5-year track of study in rural community health and medicine, and (5) assured admission to family medicine residency. Outcomes studied in this case report included medical school performance, graduation rate, selection of family medicine specialty, and rural practice location. Medical scholars were anticipated to experience academic difficulty, select family medicine specialty, and locate in rural practice more often than peers. Compared to peers, medical scholars showed lower scores on preclinical courses and USMLE steps 1 and 2, reflective of their lower MCAT and GPA scores, but had (1) similar graduation rates (95% vs peers 84%), (2) higher family medicine selection rate (47% vs Huntsville 27% vs Tuscaloosa 12% vs Birmingham 4% [OR compared to Birmingham 22.7, 95% CI 10.5–49.4]), and (3) higher rural practice rate (67% vs peers 14% vs national group 9%) in the first RMSP classes. Based on these important outcomes being better than or equal to the traditional student cohorts, the institution concluded that the Rural Health Leaders Pipeline demonstrates successful use of the rural pipeline model.     

藏族初中生心理健康状况与应对方式的关系研究

目的 了解应对方式对藏族初中生心理健康状况的影响。方法 采用自编的一般资料,中学生心理健康评定量表、简易应对方式问卷对786名藏族初中生进行问卷调查。结果 分层回归分析显示,第一层人口变量中上学方式、年级、家庭人均月收入、是否留守、学习成绩进入藏族初中生心理健康状况的回归方程(F=8.526,P=0.000),控制人口变量后,应对方式能独立解释心理健康状况21.70%的方差变异。结论 住校、初一、留守、学习成绩差、家庭收入低的藏族初中生心理健康状况差;管理者加强应对技巧的培训,能改善藏族初中生的心理健康状况。     

安徽省某农村地区初中生预防艾滋病干预效果评价

目的比较艾滋病健康教育前后初中生艾滋病相关知识、态度情况,评价艾滋病健康教育的效果,为在中学生中开展艾滋病健康教育提供理论依据。方法采用整群抽样方法,以安徽省某农村地区2所初中的所有学生作为研究对象,分别进行为期3个月的相关艾滋病健康教育活动。自行设计调查问卷,采用定性与定量(问卷调查)相结合的方法对学生及教师进行调查,分别于干预前、后收集调查问卷。结果基线资料显示,学生对艾滋病的基本知识了解不全面和不够深入,尤其对非传播途径认识比较模糊;学生希望通过多种形式(教师讲解、播放录像、知识竞赛等)获取艾滋病的基本知识,教师建议以多种形式在学生中开展艾滋病健康教育活动;干预后,学生对艾滋病相关知识的知晓率有了明显的提高(P值均0.01);且愿意与艾滋病感染者及患者一起学习的学生较干预前有了明显的提高(P值均0.01)。结论对初中生开展预防艾滋病健康教育效果良好。提高知晓率、消除初中生对艾滋病感染者及患者的歧视,是今后开展艾滋病健康教育不容忽视的问题。