南平市淡水贝类中汞砷含量调查与净化建议

[目的]监测南平市内所售淡水贝类生物样品中的汞(Hg)、砷(As)含量,调查生态环境受污染状况。[方法]南平市2条主要河流两岸的11个农贸市场的河螺、蚬子共18份样品,用氢化物原子荧光光度法进行分析测定。用GB18406.4-2001《农产品安全质量无公害水产品安全要求》和GB2762-2005《食品中污染物限量标准》中的限量值对贝类体内Hg、As含量进行评价。[结果]样品中Hg平均含量为0.089mg/kg,As平均含量为0.40mg/kg。[结论]参照评价标准,检测的淡水贝类Hg无超标,6份样品(33.3%)As含量超标,提示建溪、富屯溪流域水体已受到As的污染。建议在食用前将贝类在清水中净化育养2～3d,可降低其体内Hg、As含量。     

淡水贝类产品重金属含量检测的两种前处理方法的比较

淡水贝类产品在余姚市的江河、湖泊中有广泛的分布，因其价廉物美而成为老百姓餐桌上的常客。为了解该市淡水贝类重金属的含量，从而确定人民是否可以安全食用它。我们科对本市主要贝类产品进行了重金属含量的调查分析，其中铁、锰，铜、锌采用了火焰分光光度计，国标中对此4种物质采用了两种前处理方法，为了快速，方便，准确地得到结果，作者对这两种前处理方法进行了比较研究，发现其中干法消化法进行适当的改进，可以同时进行4种金属的前处理工作，而且方法的回收率也很理想。     

衡阳市农贸市场动物性食品重金属污染情况调查

目的:了解并分析衡阳市农贸市场动物性食品重金属污染情况,为减少食品污染提供科学依据。方法:参照全国食品污染物监测系统中推荐监测项目,采用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度计,对衡阳市农贸市场动物性食品肉类、蛋类、奶类、水产品四大类17种食品进行铅、镉、汞含量测定。结果:衡阳市农贸市场动物性食品中铅、镉、汞的检出率分别是97.79%、97.66%、77.34%,其合格率分别是94.85%,97.32%,98.21%。铅超国标的食品有酱鸭、皮蛋、海水鱼、海虾;镉超国标的食品有猪肾、猪肝;汞超国标的食品有海水鱼、海虾。结论:衡阳市农贸市场动物性食品的重金属污染总体较轻,但要加强监督力度。     

清远市郊地产蔬菜重金属含量调查与评价

目的系统了解清远市郊地产蔬菜中重金属含量情况,并对其进行评价。方法对清远市郊25个主要蔬菜地进行取样,样品湿式消解法后,用原子吸收光谱仪（AAS）对铅、镉、铜和铬4种元素进行分析。结果清远市郊主要菜地所产蔬菜中,除生菜和番薯叶外,其他类蔬菜没有受到重金属的污染。生菜和番薯叶主要是铅含量超标,其中生菜中铅超标率为40％,番薯叶铅超标率高达75％。结论清远市郊部分地产蔬菜已受重金属污染,相关部门应该采取措施防止污染进一步扩散。     

余姚市居民水产品摄入镉的暴露评估

【目的】了解余姚市市售水产品镉含量水平,对居民水产品镉暴露风险进行初步评估,为镉暴露风险评估提供依据。【方法】2015—2017年采集各类市售水产品样品以石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定镉含量。居民水产品消费量调查采用24 h膳食回顾法。以居民水产品镉平均暴露量结合每月摄入耐受量(PTMI)计算安全限值(MOS),以初步评估水产品镉暴露风险。【结果】水产品中海水蟹镉含量最高(0.465 mg/kg),其次分别为海水甲壳类(0.277 mg/kg)、淡水蟹(0.197 mg/kg)、海水软体类(0.172 mg/kg)。居民镉平均暴露量为每公斤体重0.004 mg,未超过PTMI限值规定。【结论】余姚市居民水产品镉暴露水平总体上安全,但应控制蟹类、甲壳类水产品的摄入。     

Investigation of heavy metal concentrations in some Turkish wines

Research studies analysing heavy metal or trace elements in Turkish wines is scarce. This study was designed to fill this gap, analysing 43 wines produced in 4 different regions in Turkey. A total of 37 red and 6 white wines produced from various grapes from 2006 to 2008 in Marmara, Aegean, Central Anatolia and Eastern Anatolia regions were studied. Wines were analyzed for Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb using atomic absorption spectrometer equipped (AAS) with electrothermal atomization unit (ET). Average results for red and white wines, respectively, were: Cr, 38.6 and 29.4 μg/L; Mn, 697 and 101 μg/L; Fe, 1.7 and 0.7 mg/L; Co, 6.3 and 0.5 μg/L; Ni, 134 and 573 μg/L; Cu, 131 and 158 μg/L; Zn, 389 and 2099 μg/L; Cd, 2.8 (red wine; white wine results were under limit of detection); Pb, 6.3 (red wine; white wine results were under limit of detection). These results were interpreted for grape types and regions. Accuracy was tested with standard addition method. Recoveries ranged from 96% to 107% after standard addition. Cr, Fe and Mn in red wines were higher in comparison to white wines, whereas white wines were higher in Ni and Zn. Non-essential Cd and Pb concentrations were very low in both red and white wines. Comparison with literature shows all heavy metal concentrations in the analyzed Turkish wines to be below the limits designated by World Health Organization.     

厦门市2018年市售水产品重金属污染状况分析

目的了解厦门市售水产品中铅、镉、铬、砷与汞5种重金属元素污染状况,为其限量标准制定和风险评估提供依据。方法2018年在厦门市6区超市和农贸市场抽取189份样品,采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定重金属元素,并分析检出率、超标率和元素含量。结果样品中铬和砷总检出率均为100.0%,其余3种元素总检出率分别为铅>镉>汞;干制类中铬、镉、铅、砷含量检出值高于其他4类样品;各元素在5类样品中总超标率为砷>镉>铅>铬>汞。仅腌制类未检出超标样品。结论厦门市售水产品中存在一定程度重金属污染,干制类污染情况相对严重,应加强监管并采取控制措施。     

Total cyanide content of cassava food products in Australia

Cassava products obtained in two major Australian cities, Melbourne and Canberra, were analysed for total cyanide content using the picrate method. In Melbourne in 2010, ready to eat cassava chips were found to contain large amounts of cyanide with a mean value of 91 mg HCN equivalents/kg fresh weight = ppm. In Canberra, similar values were found over a six-year study with cassava chip samples, except for one sample that gave 7 ppm, which was obtained in 2011 after the introduction by Food Standards Australia and New Zealand of a 10 ppm maximum limit. In Melbourne, the highest value obtained was 262 ppm. A calculation based on this very high cyanide sample and using the lethal dose of cyanide for humans, shows that a child of 20 kg body weight would only need to eat 40–270 g of these chips to reach the lethal dose. Frozen cassava roots gave a mean value of 52 ppm total cyanide, which is also a cause for concern. In contrast, more highly processed foods contained < 1 ppm total cyanide.     

平顶山市食品重金属污染监测报告

目的:了解铅、镉、汞、铜、铝等重金属对平顶山市食品污染状况,探讨、分析污染规律,提供防止食品化学性污染依据,保障群众食品安全。方法:选择平顶山各县(市)、区采样,每县市区抽取城区和乡镇3~5个(不同方位)监测点,按照拟定的食品样品进行采样,每县市区每类食品采集5个以上样品,全市采集样品400份以上,进行铅、镉、汞、铜、铝等金属元素含量检测。结果:53份猪肉样品中,未检出铜超标样品;109份粮食加工食品样品中,铝含量超标率为18.3%,其中油炸食品超标率最高,为81.2%;检测粮食、肉类、蔬菜等7类食品357份,铅超标率为2.8%,镉超标率为0.6%,汞超标率为2.0%,累计超标率为5.3%。结论:铜对食品(猪肉)的污染较轻;铝在粮食加工食品中存在严重污染;铅对多种食品存在污染;镉对食品的污染相对较轻。     

重庆市巴南区2011年食品重金属污染监测结果分析

目的:了解重庆市巴南区食品和生活饮用水重金属污染现状,为制定合理有效的食品安全措施提供科学依据。方法:从界石的新玉村、武新村,南彭的鸳鸯村、天台山村,龙洲湾的盘龙村,安栏的小龙村等6个自然村采集食品和生活饮用水样品,按食品卫生检验方法、生活饮用水标准检验方法进行检测。结果:共检测食品样276份,248份合格,合格率89.86%。12件生活饮用水全部合格。结论:重庆市巴南区食品重金属污染水平总体较低,但部分种类污染较重,相关部门应采取针对性措施,以提高食品安全性,保障人民群众健康。