卡马西平联用尼美舒利相关粒细胞缺乏症

1例78岁男性患者因带状疱疹神经痛、慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并感染,给予头孢唑肟钠（2.25 g静脉滴注,1次/d）、卡马西平（0.2 g口服,2次/d）、尼美舒利（100 mg口服,2次/d）、二羟丙茶碱（0.5 g静脉滴注,1次/d）、甲钴胺（0.5 mg口服,3次/d）、地塞米松（5 mg,静脉滴注1次）、盐酸哌替啶（25 mg,肌内注射1次）和盐酸布桂嗪（100 mg,肌内注射3次）等药物治疗。第7天,停用头孢唑肟钠,改为磷霉素钠（8 g静脉滴注,1次/d）。第11天,血常规检查示白细胞计数1.6×10^9/L,中性粒细胞0.03,中性粒细胞绝对值0.1×10^9/L,淋巴细胞绝对值0.9×10^9/L。立即停用所有药物,给予对症支持治疗。第15天,外周血白细胞计数0.9×10^9/L,中性粒细胞0.02,中性粒细胞绝对值0.1×10^9/L,淋巴细胞绝对值0.7×10^9/L。行骨髓穿刺检查,诊断为粒细胞缺乏症。第17天患者出现右肺气胸、肺不张。第20天出现急性呼吸衰竭、多脏器衰竭合并重症感染,经抢救无效死亡。     

甘草酸单铵结合氦-氖激光治疗银屑病62例

目的用甘草酸单铵结合低能量氦-氖激光,观察治疗银屑病患者。方法62例寻常型银屑病患者,分为两组,A组用低能量氦-氖激光血管内照射,同时用甘草酸单铵静脉滴注,共36例;B组仅用甘草酸单铵,共26例。通过30d治疗。结果总有效率82.2%,其中A组有效率88.9%,B组73.1%(经Ridit检验,U＝2.76,P＜0.01),两组差异有极显著性意义。结论甘草酸单铵结合氦-氖激光治疗银屑病,比单用甘草酸单铵效果好。     

颅脑损伤患者并发肺部感染的护理体会

目的：为了使并发肺部感染的病人更多、更好、更早的痊愈。方法：通过对32例颅脑外伤并发肺部感染病人的严密观察,采取更换体位、超声雾化、有效排痰训练等有效的护理措施干预,从而控制了肺部感染。结果：痊愈17例,占53.1%;显效12例,占37.5%,无效2例,占6.2%;死亡1例,占3.1%;实践证明,有效的护理干预对提高患者治疗成功率有着重要意义。     

Treatment with Ziprasidone for schizophrenia patients with OCD

Comorbidity of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) has been observed in about 15% of schizophrenic patients and has been associated with poor prognosis. Therefore, there is a need for specific treatment options for these patients (schizo-obsessive, ScOCD).This is an open, prospective study, aiming to test the efficacy of Ziprasidone (80–200 mg/d) in ScOCD patients and comparing the response to the treatment between stable schizophrenic (N=16) and stable ScOCD (N=29) patients.Treatment effect with Ziprasidone was different in schizophrenic patients when stratified based on OCD comorbidity. Overall, the effect on OCD symptoms (as measured by the Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, YBOCS) was found to be bimodal—either no response or exacerbation (for 45% of the patients, n=13) or significant improvement of symptoms (55%, n=16). Those who improved in OCD symptoms, improved also in negative and general schizophrenia symptoms, while ScOCD-unimproved group worsened in all symptoms. Whereas schizophrenic patients without OCD responded in a modest Gaussian distribution, they improved in schizophrenia negative symptoms and in general anxiety.This data suggests that schizo-obsessive disorder is a distinct and complex condition with more than one underlying pathogenesis. Definition of these ScOCD subgroups defined by their response to Ziprasidone might contribute to personalized medicine within the OCD–schizophrenia spectrum. Moreover, this finding suggests that ScOCD may be considered as a special schizophrenic subtype and its inclusion in schizophrenia treatment studies need to be further explored due to its divergent response.     

喜炎平注射液联合更昔洛韦治疗儿童巨细胞病毒肺炎疗效观察

目的:探讨喜炎平注射液联合更昔洛韦(GCV) 治疗小儿巨细胞病毒(CMV)肺炎的方法及效果。方法:选取我院2010年3月至2016年5月住院确诊的CMV肺炎患儿47例,随机分为观察组24例和对照组23例。对照组在常规治疗基础上加用GCV抗病毒治疗:诱导期每次5 mg/kg,每12 h一次静脉滴注,每次滴注时间>1 h,连用2周;维持期每次10 mg/kg,隔日一次,总疗程4周。观察组在常规治疗基础上加用喜炎平联合GCV治疗,GCV用法用量疗程同对照组,喜炎平注射液5 mg/(kg·d)静脉滴注,每天1次,疗程2周。观察两组患儿临床疗效及预后。结果:(1) 观察组在退热时间、住院时间短于对照组(P均<0.01)。治疗2周后,观察组肺部啰音及影像学改变阳性率低于对照组,血氧分压、二氧化碳分压的改善程度均优于对照组(P均<0.05);(2)治疗2周后两组总有效率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但观察组显效率高于对照组(62.5% vs 30.4%,P<0.05);(3)两组不良反应比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:小儿CMV肺炎在常规综合治疗、GCV抗病毒治疗同时,联合喜炎平注射液,可提高显效率、缩短疗程、改善预后,且具有较高安全性。     

Genomic profiling associated with recurrence in patients with rectal cancer treated with chemoradiation

PURPOSE: Stage II and III adenocarcinoma of the rectum has an overall 5-year survival rate of approximately 50%, and tumor recurrence remains a major problem despite an improvement in local control through chemotherapy and radiation. The efficacy of chemoradiation therapy may be significantly compromised as a result of interindividual variations in clinical response and host toxicity. Therefore, it is imperative to identify those patients who will benefit from chemoradiation therapy and those who will develop recurrent disease. In this study, we tested whether a specific pattern of 21 polymorphisms in 18 genes involved in the critical pathways of cancer progression (i.e., drug metabolism, tumor microenvironment, cell cycle regulation, and DNA repair) will predict the risk of tumor recurrence in rectal cancer patients treated with chemoradiation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 90 patients with Stage II or III rectal cancer treated with chemoradiation were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based techniques for 21 polymorphisms. RESULTS: A polymorphism in interleukin (IL)-8 was individually associated with risk of recurrence. Classification and regression tree analysis of all polymorphisms and clinical variables developed a risk tree including the following variables: node status, IL-8, intracellular adhesion molecule-1, transforming growth factor-beta, and fibroblast growth factor receptor 4. CONCLUSION: Genomic profiling may help to identify patients who are at high risk for developing tumor recurrence, and those who are more likely to benefit from chemoradiation therapy. A larger prospective study is needed to validate these preliminary data using germline polymorphisms on tumor recurrences in rectal cancer patients treated with chemoradiation.     

肺结核合并呼吸衰竭患者机械通气治疗的护理

目的对机械通气治疗肺结核合并呼吸衰竭患者的护理方法和效果进行分析和研究,探讨其优势和不足,总结经验,以更好的指导临床护理的进行。方法随机选择我院近3年采用机械通气治疗的70名肺结核合并呼吸衰竭患者,有针对性的对患者进行密切的护理,观察病情和护理效果,并加以总结。结果对机械通气治疗肺结核合并呼吸衰竭患者进行适当护理后,患者得到较好恢复,病情有所缓解,成功脱离呼吸机,同时有效减少其他并发症状的出现,具有较好的护理效果。结论适当的护理,能够使采用机械通气治疗的肺结核合并呼吸衰竭患者较快恢复,摆脱呼吸器帮助,病情得到有效缓解,有效率较高,同时,能有效减少并发症发生率,具有较高的临床使用价值和推广价值。     

Satisfaction with information and its relationship with adherence in patients with chronic pain

□ Due to the nature of chronic pain it would be expected that patients are highly adherent to their pain medication. However, results from this study have shown that 23 per cent of patients often or always avoid using their pain medication, 13.4 per cent often or always alter dosages, and 10.3 per cent often or always stop taking their medication for a while. This suggests intentional non‐adherence to pain medication □ Less than 50 per cent of respondents were satisfied with information provided on side effects, what to do if side effects occur, and possible interactions with other medication □ Patients' satisfaction with information about their medication was related to self‐reported adherence; greater satisfaction was associated with higher self‐reported adherence     

早期空肠内营养联合高容量血液滤过治疗重症急性胰腺炎

目的观察经鼻空肠管行肠内营养（EN）联合高容量血液滤过治疗重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）的临床疗效。方法回顾分析2006年6月至2008年12月本科收治的SAP患者72例。其中40例（对照组）行连续高容量血液滤过及全静脉营养（TPN）;32例（治疗组）在连续高容量血液滤过治疗及经鼻空肠管肠内营养（EN）治疗,观察两组患者生命体征,测定血液TNF-α、IL-6及内毒素的含量。结果两组治疗后APACHEⅡ评分,血液细胞因子含量均明显降低,治疗前后差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;对照组内毒素的含量于治疗开始后逐渐升高,而治疗组内毒素的含量在治疗短时间内升高后逐渐降低,组间差异有统计学意义P〈0.05。结论血液滤过能降低血液炎症介质及细胞因子,经鼻空肠管肠内营养能较好地改善胃肠功能,降低血液内毒素含量,两者早期联合应用能提高SAP的临床疗效。     

布托啡诺联合瑞芬太尼用于子宫肌瘤栓塞术患者自控镇痛效果观察

摘 要 目的： 观察布托啡诺联合瑞芬太尼用于子宫肌瘤栓塞术患者自控镇痛的效果。方法: 子宫肌瘤栓塞术患者68例按入院先后顺序分为观察组(n=35)和对照组(n=33),择期行子宫肌瘤栓塞术。对照组予芬太尼自控镇痛,观察组予布托啡诺联合瑞芬太尼自控镇痛,观察两组患者的视觉模拟评分(VAS)、镇静评分、术后疼痛以及药品不良反应等。结果: 术后1,4,12,24 h,观察组患者的VAS评分、镇静评分均明显低于对照组(P＜0.05);观察组术后0级疼痛率达74.3%,明显高于对照组的48.5%(P＜0.05);观察组药品不良反应发生率明显低于对照组(P＜0.05)。结论:子宫肌瘤栓塞术后使用布托啡诺和瑞芬太尼联合自控镇痛,可有效减轻患者术后疼痛,不良反应少,安全可靠,值得临床推广使用。     

铜离子多极治疗内痔出血537例的体会

目的总结与探讨内痔出血的治疗方法。方法观察Ⅰ～Ⅲ度内痔出血患者共计537例,进行铜离子多极治疗,采用一次性治疗,术后观察1个月,随访半年。结果铜离子治疗后1个月内所有患者均不再便血。结论铜离子多极治疗对痔出血有止血迅速,缩短治疗时间的优势。     

葛根素联合奥扎格雷钠对老年糖尿病并脑梗死的疗效分析

目的 探讨葛根素联合奥扎格雷钠对老年糖尿病并脑梗死的疗效.方法 选取老年糖尿病并脑梗死患者80例,将其随机分为观察组和对照组.对照组使用奥扎格雷钠加氯化钠注射治疗,观察组使用葛根素联合奥扎格雷钠加氯化钠注射治疗.对比两组治疗前、后血糖水平和神经功能欧洲卒中评分(ESS)、日常生活能力( ADI)量表的结果.结果 观察组ESS评分和ADI评分较对照组明显改善,且空腹血糖(FPG)[(5.4±1.2) mmol/Lvs.(6.5±1.6)mmol/L]和餐后2h血糖(2hPG)[(9.3±1.3)mmol/L vs.( 10.6±1.7)mmol/L]控制均明显好于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜ 0.05).结论 葛根素联合奥扎格雷钠治疗老年糖尿病并脑梗死安全、有效.     

多巴胺联合卡托普利治疗小儿肺炎合并心力衰竭疗效观察

目的：探讨多巴胺联合卡托普利在肺炎合并心力衰竭患儿中的应用价值。方法：选取2016-2018年湖北省随州市中心医院住院治疗的肺炎合并心力衰竭患儿92例,按随机数表法分为对照组和研究组各46例。对照组患儿给予常规治疗,研究组患儿给予多巴胺联合卡托普利治疗,观察两组患儿临床症状体征、心肌酶水平改善情况,评价疗效及用药安全性。结果：与对照组相比,研究组治疗后心率（HR）、呼吸频率（RR）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、肌酸激酶（CK）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）均降低,而血氧饱和度（SaO2）升高;研究组住院时间、HR及RR恢复正常时间、听诊肺部啰音及喘促消失时间均短于对照组（P均<0.05）。两组患儿不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义。结论：多巴胺联合卡托普利可显著缓解小儿肺炎合并心力衰竭的临床症状体征,改善心肌酶水平,缩短住院时间,且用药安全性较高。     

类风湿关节炎合并肺间质纤维化的临床特征研究

目的 对类风湿关节炎合并肺间质纤维化患者的临床特征进行分析,为今后的临床诊治工作提供可靠的参考依据.方法 选取2010年1月-2013年3月我院收治的类风湿性关节炎患者102例,按照是否合并肺间质纤维化分成合并组和单纯组,而后对这两组的临床观察指标进行对比分析.结果 合并组患者的男性所占比例、吸烟者比例、患者年龄、发病年龄、抗环瓜氨酸抗体、类风湿因子、C反应蛋白水平以及骨破坏发生率均较单纯组高.结论 类风湿关节炎患者合并肺间质纤维化可能与诸多临床指标均存在较大的相关性,临床应给予关注,采取有效措施进行预防和治疗.     

加替沙星相关血糖异常临床病例分析

目的:了解加替沙星对住院患者血糖水平的影响。方法:通过计算机管理系统进行回顾性研究,对2005年6月1日至2006年6月1日732例应用加替沙星患者及32例应用红霉素患者的血糖数据进行分析与比较,并采用排除法结合病例分析对加替沙星致血糖异常的因果关系与危险因素进行评估。结果:加替沙星引起血糖异常35例,其中高血糖27例(3.69%),低血糖8例(1.09%)。此外,35例中,非糖尿病患者为24例(68.57%),老年患者(>60岁)为27例(77.14%)。所有患者在停药及相应治疗后均恢复正常。32例应用红霉素患者未出现血糖异常。结论:加替沙星可引起血糖异常,尤其是老年患者。临床医师应了解该不良反应的风险,对使用加替沙星的患者进行血糖监测以保障患者安全。