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1.
《Emerging infectious diseases》2022,28(1):9
State and local health departments established the California Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Respiratory Virus Sentinel Surveillance System to conduct enhanced surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens at sentinel outpatient testing sites in 10 counties throughout California, USA. We describe results obtained during May 10, 2020‒June 12, 2021, and compare persons with positive and negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR results by using Poisson regression. We detected SARS-CoV-2 in 1,696 (19.6%) of 8,662 specimens. Among 7,851 specimens tested by respiratory panel, rhinovirus/enterovirus was detected in 906 (11.5%) specimens and other respiratory pathogens in 136 (1.7%) specimens. We also detected 23 co-infections with SARS-CoV-2 and another pathogen. SARS-CoV-2 positivity was associated with male participants, an age of 35–49 years, Latino race/ethnicity, obesity, and work in transportation occupations. Sentinel surveillance can provide useful virologic and epidemiologic data to supplement other disease monitoring activities and might become increasingly useful as routine testing decreases. 相似文献
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Joseph A. Lewnard Ana M. Mora Oguchi Nkwocha Katherine Kogut Stephen A. Rauch Norma Morga Samantha Hernandez Marcus P. Wong Karen Huen Kristin Andrejko Nicholas P. Jewell Kimberly L. Parra Nina Holland Eva Harris Maximiliano Cuevas Brenda Eskenazi 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(5):1330
During the ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, farmworkers in the United States are considered essential personnel and continue in-person work. We conducted prospective surveillance for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and antibody prevalence among farmworkers in Salinas Valley, California, during June 15–November 30, 2020. We observed 22.1% (1,514/6,864) positivity for SARS-CoV-2 infection among farmworkers compared with 17.2% (1,255/7,305) among other adults from the same communities (risk ratio 1.29, 95% CI 1.20–1.37). In a nested study enrolling 1,115 farmworkers, prevalence of current infection was 27.7% among farmworkers reporting >1 COVID-19 symptom and 7.2% among farmworkers without symptoms (adjusted odds ratio 4.16, 95% CI 2.85–6.06). Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies increased from 10.5% (95% CI 6.0%–18.4%) during July 16–August 31 to 21.2% (95% CI 16.6%–27.4%) during November 1–30. High SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence among farmworkers underscores the need for vaccination and other preventive interventions. 相似文献
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Nicholas B. Lehnertz Xiong Wang Jacob Garfin Joanne Taylor Jennifer Zipprich Brittany VonBank Karen Martin Dana Eikmeier Carlota Medus Brooke Wiedinmyer Carmen Bernu Matthew Plumb Kelly Pung Margaret A. Honein Rosalind Carter Duncan MacCannell Kirk E. Smith Kathryn Como-Sabetti Kris Ehresmann Richard Danila Ruth Lynfield 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(8):2052
Coronavirus disease has disproportionately affected persons in congregate settings and high-density workplaces. To determine more about the transmission patterns of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in these settings, we performed whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis on 319 (14.4%) samples from 2,222 SARS-CoV-2–positive persons associated with 8 outbreaks in Minnesota, USA, during March–June 2020. Sequencing indicated that virus spread in 3 long-term care facilities and 2 correctional facilities was associated with a single genetic sequence and that in a fourth long-term care facility, outbreak cases were associated with 2 distinct sequences. In contrast, cases associated with outbreaks in 2 meat-processing plants were associated with multiple SARS-CoV-2 sequences. These results suggest that a single introduction of SARS-CoV-2 into a facility can result in a widespread outbreak. Early identification and cohorting (segregating) of virus-positive persons in these settings, along with continued vigilance with infection prevention and control measures, is imperative. 相似文献
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Yuke Wang Casey Siesel Yangping Chen Ben Lopman Laura Edison Michael Thomas Carly Adams Max Lau Peter F.M. Teunis 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(10):2578
The serial interval and effective reproduction number for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are heterogenous, varying by demographic characteristics, region, and period. During February 1–July 13, 2020, we identified 4,080 transmission pairs in Georgia, USA, by using contact tracing information from COVID-19 cases reported to the Georgia Department of Public Health. We examined how various transmission characteristics were affected by symptoms, demographics, and period (during shelter-in-place and after subsequent reopening) and estimated the time course of reproduction numbers for all 159 Georgia counties. Transmission varied by time and place but also by persons’ sex and race. The mean serial interval decreased from 5.97 days in February–April to 4.40 days in June–July. Younger adults (20–50 years of age) were involved in most transmission events occurring during or after reopening. The shelter-in-place period was not long enough to prevent sustained virus transmission in densely populated urban areas connected by major transportation links. 相似文献
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Megan Wallace Allison E. James Rachel Silver Mitsuki Koh Farrell A. Tobolowsky Sean Simonson Jeremy A. W. Gold Rena Fukunaga Henry Njuguna Keith Bordelon Jonathan Wortham Melissa Coughlin Jennifer L. Harcourt Azaibi Tamin Brett Whitaker Natalie J. Thornburg Ying Tao Krista Queen Anna Uehara Clinton R. Paden Jing Zhang Suxiang Tong Danielle Haydel Ha Tran Kaylee Kim Kiva A. Fisher Mariel Marlow Jacqueline E. Tate Reena H. Doshi Theresa Sokol Kathryn G. Curran 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(2):421
To assess transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a detention facility experiencing a coronavirus disease outbreak and evaluate testing strategies, we conducted a prospective cohort investigation in a facility in Louisiana, USA. We conducted SARS-CoV-2 testing for detained persons in 6 quarantined dormitories at various time points. Of 143 persons, 53 were positive at the initial test, and an additional 58 persons were positive at later time points (cumulative incidence 78%). In 1 dormitory, all 45 detained persons initially were negative; 18 days later, 40 (89%) were positive. Among persons who were SARS-CoV-2 positive, 47% (52/111) were asymptomatic at the time of specimen collection; 14 had replication-competent virus isolated. Serial SARS-CoV-2 testing might help interrupt transmission through medical isolation and quarantine. Testing in correctional and detention facilities will be most effective when initiated early in an outbreak, inclusive of all exposed persons, and paired with infection prevention and control. 相似文献
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《Emerging infectious diseases》2022,28(1):95
To determine risk factors for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) among US healthcare personnel (HCP), we conducted a case–control analysis. We collected data about activities outside the workplace and COVID-19 patient care activities from HCP with positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) test results (cases) and from HCP with negative test results (controls) in healthcare facilities in 5 US states. We used conditional logistic regression to calculate adjusted matched odds ratios and 95% CIs for exposures. Among 345 cases and 622 controls, factors associated with risk were having close contact with persons with COVID-19 outside the workplace, having close contact with COVID-19 patients in the workplace, and assisting COVID-19 patients with activities of daily living. Protecting HCP from COVID-19 may require interventions that reduce their exposures outside the workplace and improve their ability to more safely assist COVID-19 patients with activities of daily living. 相似文献
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Andrew G. Letizia Yongchao Ge Carl W. Goforth Dawn L. Weir Rhonda Lizewski Stephen Lizewski Alessandra Soares-Schanoski Sindhu Vangeti Nada Marjanovic Stuart C. Sealfon Irene Ramos 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(4):1188
In a study of US Marine recruits, seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 IgG was 9.0%. Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black participants and participants from states affected earlier in the pandemic had higher seropositivity rates. These results suggest the need for targeted public health strategies among young adults at increased risk for infection. 相似文献
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Katherine Laiton-Donato Christian Julin Villabona-Arenas Jos A. Usme-Ciro Carlos Franco-Muoz Diego A. lvarez-Díaz Liz Stephany Villabona-Arenas Susy Echeverría-Londoo Zulma M. Cucunub Nicols D. Franco-Sierra Astrid C. Flrez Carolina Ferro Nadim J. Ajami Diana Marcela Walteros Franklin Prieto Carlos Andrs Durn Martha Lucia Ospina-Martínez Marcela Mercado-Reyes 《Emerging infectious diseases》2020,26(12):2854
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Colombia was first diagnosed in a traveler arriving from Italy on February 26, 2020. However, limited data are available on the origins and number of introductions of COVID-19 into the country. We sequenced the causative agent of COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), from 43 clinical samples we collected, along with another 79 genome sequences available from Colombia. We investigated the emergence and importation routes for SARS-CoV-2 into Colombia by using epidemiologic, historical air travel, and phylogenetic observations. Our study provides evidence of multiple introductions, mostly from Europe, and documents >12 lineages. Phylogenetic findings validate the lineage diversity, support multiple importation events, and demonstrate the evolutionary relationship of epidemiologically linked transmission chains. Our results reconstruct the early evolutionary history of SARS-CoV-2 in Colombia and highlight the advantages of genome sequencing to complement COVID-19 outbreak investigations. 相似文献
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Matthew Murphy Imshan Dhrolia Alexandra Zanowick-Marr Jun Tao Cassie Sutten Coats Siena Napoleon Yelena Malyuta Emily Adams Trisha Arnold Philip A. Chan Amy Nunn 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(9):2445
We developed a testing program for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in an urban Latinx neighborhood in Providence, Rhode Island, USA. Approximately 11% of Latinx participants (n = 180) tested positive. Culturally tailored, community-based programs that reduce barriers to testing help identify persons at highest risk for coronavirus disease. 相似文献
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Nathaniel M. Lewis Lindsey M. Duca Perrine Marcenac Elizabeth A. Dietrich Christopher J. Gregory Victoria L. Fields Michelle M. Banks Jared R. Rispens Aron Hall Jennifer L. Harcourt Azaibi Tamin Sarah Willardson Tair Kiphibane Kimberly Christensen Angela C. Dunn Jacqueline E. Tate Scott Nabity Almea M. Matanock Hannah L. Kirking 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(2):352
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Marcelo Rodrigues Gonalves Rodrigo Citton Padilha dos Reis Rodrigo Pedroso Tlio Lucia Campos Pellanda Maria Inês Schmidt Natan Katz Sotero Serrate Mengue Pedro C. Hallal Bernardo L. Horta Mariangela Freitas Silveira Roberto Nunes Umpierre Cynthia Goulart Bastos-Molina Rodolfo Souza da Silva Bruce B. Duncan 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(8):2135
We assessed the associations of social distancing and mask use with symptomatic, laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in Porto Alegre, Brazil. We conducted a population-based case-control study during April–June 2020. Municipal authorities furnished case-patients, and controls were taken from representative household surveys. In adjusted logistic regression analyses of 271 case-patients and 1,396 controls, those reporting moderate to greatest adherence to social distancing had 59% (odds ratio [OR] 0.41, 95% CI 0.24–0.70) to 75% (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.15–0.42) lower odds of infection. Lesser out-of-household exposure (vs. going out every day all day) reduced odds from 52% (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.29–0.77) to 75% (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.18–0.36). Mask use reduced odds of infection by 87% (OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.04–0.36). In conclusion, social distancing and mask use while outside the house provided major protection against symptomatic infection. 相似文献
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Sriram Selvaraju Muthusamy Santhosh Kumar Jeromie Wesley Vivian Thangaraj Tarun Bhatnagar Velusamy Saravanakumar Chethrapilly Purushothaman Girish Kumar Krithikaa Sekar Ezhilarasan Ilayaperumal Ramasamy Sabarinathan Murugesan Jagadeesan Masanam Sriramulu Hemalatha Manoj Vasant Murhekar the Chennai COVID Sero-Surveillance Team 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(2):586
We conducted a cross-sectional survey to estimate the seroprevalence of IgG against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in Chennai, India. Among 12,405 serum samples tested, weighted seroprevalence was 18.4% (95% CI 14.8%–22.6%). These findings indicate most of the population of Chennai is still susceptible to this virus. 相似文献
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Kirsten E. Wiens Pinyi Nyimol Mawien John Rumunu Damien Slater Forrest K. Jones Serina Moheed Andrea Caflisch Bior K. Bior Iboyi Amanya Jacob Richard Lino Lako Argata Guracha Guyo Olushayo Oluseun Olu Sylvester Maleghemi Andrew Baguma Juma John Hassen Sheila K. Baya Lul Deng Justin Lessler Maya N. Demby Vanessa Sanchez Rachel Mills Clare Fraser Richelle C. Charles Jason B. Harris Andrew S. Azman Joseph F. Wamala 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(6):1598
Relatively few coronavirus disease cases and deaths have been reported from sub-Saharan Africa, although the extent of its spread remains unclear. During August 10–September 11, 2020, we recruited 2,214 participants for a representative household-based cross-sectional serosurvey in Juba, South Sudan. We found 22.3% of participants had severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) receptor binding domain IgG titers above prepandemic levels. After accounting for waning antibody levels, age, and sex, we estimated that 38.3% (95% credible interval 31.8%–46.5%) of the population had been infected with SARS-CoV-2. At this rate, for each PCR–confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection reported by the Ministry of Health, 103 (95% credible interval 86–126) infections would have been unreported, meaning SARS-CoV-2 has likely spread extensively within Juba. We also found differences in background reactivity in Juba compared with Boston, Massachusetts, USA, where the immunoassay was validated. Our findings underscore the need to validate serologic tests in sub-Saharan Africa populations. 相似文献
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Monise Magro Andrea Parriott Tisha Mitsunaga Erin Epson 《Emerging infectious diseases》2022,28(8):1734
We estimated real-world vaccine effectiveness among skilled nursing facility healthcare personnel who were regularly tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection in California, USA, during January‒March 2021. Vaccine effectiveness for fully vaccinated healthcare personnel was 73.3% (95% CI 57.5%–83.3%). We observed high real-world vaccine effectiveness in this population. 相似文献
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Victoria L. Fields Ian T. Kracalik Christina Carthel Adriana Lopez Amy Schwartz Nathaniel M. Lewis Mackenzie Bray Carlene Claflin Kilee Jorgensen Ha Khong Walter Richards Ilene Risk Maureen Smithee Madison Clawson Lee Cherie Booth Tara Scribellito Jason Lowry Jessica Huynh Linda Davis Holly Birch Tiffany Tran Joseph Walker Alicia Fry Aron Hall Jodee Baker Eric Pevzner Angela C. Dunn Jacqueline E. Tate Hannah L. Kirking Tair Kiphibane Cuc H. Tran 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(12):2999
Outcomes and costs of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) contact tracing are limited. During March–May 2020, we constructed transmission chains from 184 index cases and 1,499 contacts in Salt Lake County, Utah, USA, to assess outcomes and estimate staff time and salaries. We estimated 1,102 staff hours and $29,234 spent investigating index cases and contacts. Among contacts, 374 (25%) had COVID-19; secondary case detection rate was ≈31% among first-generation contacts, ≈16% among second- and third-generation contacts, and ≈12% among fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-generation contacts. At initial interview, 51% (187/370) of contacts were COVID-19–positive; 35% (98/277) became positive during 14-day quarantine. Median time from symptom onset to investigation was 7 days for index cases and 4 days for first-generation contacts. Contact tracing reduced the number of cases between contact generations and time between symptom onset and investigation but required substantial resources. Our findings can help jurisdictions allocate resources for contact tracing. 相似文献
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《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(1):85
We investigated the dynamics of seroconversion in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. During March 29–May 22, 2020, we collected serum samples and associated clinical data from 177 persons in London, UK, who had SARS-CoV-2 infection. We measured IgG against SARS-CoV-2 and compared antibody levels with patient outcomes, demographic information, and laboratory characteristics. We found that 2.0%–8.5% of persons did not seroconvert 3–6 weeks after infection. Persons who seroconverted were older, were more likely to have concurrent conditions, and had higher levels of inflammatory markers. Non-White persons had higher antibody concentrations than those who identified as White; these concentrations did not decline during follow-up. Serologic assay results correlated with disease outcome, race, and other risk factors for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Serologic assays can be used in surveillance to clarify the duration and protective nature of humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. 相似文献
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Kyle R. Rizzo Cora Hoover Seema Jain Monica Sun Jennifer F. Myers Brooke Bregman Deniz M. Dominguez Allison Jacobsen Garrett J. Jenkins Tamara Hennessy-Burt Erin L. Murray 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(11):2923
During September 1, 2020–April 30, 2021, the California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA, received 255 positive influenza molecular test results that matched with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 molecular test results; 58 (23%) persons were co-infected. Influenza activity was minimal in California, and co-infections were sporadic. 相似文献