实验肿瘤In Vivo—In Vitro系统

放疗和化疗目前仍属恶性肿瘤治疗的主要手段约70—75。肿瘤患者不同程度地接受放射治疗。其中一部分病人可以治愈,余者只得到暂时的姑息效果或疗效甚微。如何提高疗效则有赖于放射生物工作者对肿瘤的生物学行为及治疗后的生物效应进行深入研究,以期对临床治疗有所启示。近十几年来,实验肿瘤的方法学有了很大进步,为放射生物学的发展打下了良好的基础。     

Gastrointestinal Mantle Cell Lymphoma—A Tale of Two Endoscopies

INTRODUCTION: Green oncology is a new conceptual and operational paradigm of oncology, which compared to the traditional biomedical model focused on the interest of a single patient and on its exclusive relationship with the doctor, represents a complex evolutionary step towards clinical activities that have to be eco-responsible of the potential current and future impact on the human, professional, structural, technological, and organizational environment, where they arise, as well as on the biosphere. DEFINITION: Green oncology works through ethical and managerial choices that incorporate, besides the traditional criteria of efficiency and effectiveness, the criterion of cultural, economic, environmental, and social sustainability as they are fair, livable, and possible to be realized.     

Metastatic Malignant Melanoma of the Small Bowel—Report of Two Cases

Case Report  

We report two cases of malignant melanoma metastasizing to the ileum and jejunum in a 48-year-old female and 62-year-old male, respectively. The female patient was a known case of vaginal melanoma who on follow-up developed pain abdomen 4 years after excision of the primary, whereas the male patient who was initially referred as pleomorphic spindle cell sarcoma of the groin presented with complaints of bleeding per rectum and melena 6 years later.     

Glial Heterotopia in ENT—Two Case Reports and Review of Literature

The purpose of presenting these case reports is to highlight the occurrence of heterotopic glial tissue of the tongue and nose in children. So far, literature review has revealed few case reports of such lesions in neonates, but our patients presented with this unique lesion at the age of two and a half years and 3 years. This is a rare congenital anomaly in the tongue, which can mimic a lingual thyroid, teratoma, dermoid cyst etc. Surgical excision is mandatory when the lesion causes obstructive symptoms. The authors discuss the problems in diagnosis, pathology and management and review the literature.     

^99mTc—octreotide和^111In—DTPA—octreotide受体显像诊断肿瘤的比较研究

[目的]对比研究^99mTc-octreotide和^111In-DTPA-octreotide受体显像对肿瘤诊断的效能。[方法]采用自行制备的^111In-DTPA-octreotide和^99mTc-octreotide分别对4例和3例正常对照以及对18例和12例肿瘤患者进行显像。以发现局灶性异常放射性浓集为阳性，比较其对肿瘤诊断的效能。[结果]两种显像剂的正常图像、显像质量和对生长抑素受体（SMS-R）阳性肿瘤的诊断效能无显著差异，两种显像剂显像结果均与临床最后诊断相符合。[结论]^99mTc-octreotide是一种价廉易得的优良的肿瘤SMS-R显像剂，在临床上可以替代价格高昂不易获得的^111In-DTPA-octreotide进行肿瘤显像。     

Radioiodine Ablation for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer—None,One Dose or Two?

Patients with good prognosis differentiated thyroid cancer are at risk from over-treatment with radioiodine thyroid remnant ablation. Some with unfavourable localised disease might benefit from an elective second dose.     

Studies of three canine mammary carcinoma cell lines—I. In vitro properties

Three cells lines, REM 134, 111 and 367, have been derived from canine mammary carcinomas and their morphological characteristics in vitro are described. They are tumorigenic in athymic nude mice, have no demonstrable fibronectin on their cell surfaces and exhibit a varied pattern of lectin binding. They can be cloned in semi-solid agar. One line, REM 134, responds to oestrogen and luteotropic hormone in vitro, although none of the three had demonstrable oestrogen receptors.     

In vitro activity of bortezomib in cultures of patient tumour cells—potential utility in haematological malignancies

Bortezomib represents a new class of anti-cancer drugs, the proteasome inhibitors. We evaluated the in vitro activity of bortezomib with regard to tumour-type specificity and possible mechanisms of drug resistance in 115 samples of tumour cells from patients and in a cell-line panel, using the short-term fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay. Bortezomib generally showed dose–response curves with a steep slope. In patient cells, bortezomib was more active in haematological than in solid tumour samples. Myeloma and chronic myeloid leukaemia were the most sensitive tumour types although with great variability in drug response between the individual samples. Colorectal and kidney cancer samples were the least sensitive. In the cell-line panel, only small differences in response were seen between the different cell lines, and the proteasome inhibitors, lactacystin and MG 262, showed an activity pattern similar to that of bortezomib. The cell-line data suggest that resistance to bortezomib was not mediated by MRP-, PgP, GSH-; tubulin and topo II-associated MDR. Combination experiments indicated synergy between bortezomib and arsenic trioxide or irinotecan. The data support the current use of bortezomib but also points to its potential utility in other tumour types and in combination with cytotoxic drugs.     

Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma (NLPHL)—Clinicopathological Features Based on the Data of Two Hungarian Lymphoma Centres

Clinicopathological features of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) differ from those of the classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). Our aim was to examine clinical presentation, therapeutic and survival results of NLPHL patients in Hungary based on the data of two centres, and incidentally we analyzed the clinicopathological characteristics and differential diagnostic difficulties of this rare entity. We analyzed the clinical features, treatment and survival data of 536 Hodgkin lymphoma patients who had been diagnosed and primarily treated in our institutes between 1995 and 2004. Mean follow-up time was 82.7 (3–144) months of the total 536 HL patients. Sixteen (3%) of the patients were diagnosed with NLPHL, 93% of them presented with early-stage disease. None of the patients showed extranodal or splenic involvement or bulky disease. One patient received chemotherapy alone, six received only involved field radiotherapy while six underwent combined modality treatment. We applied watch and wait strategy in three cases. Overall response rate was 100% (93.75% complete). Two NLPHL cases transformed to non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. In contrast to the classical HL, the 10-year prognosticated overall survival rate was 100 vs. 82%, the event free survival was: 75% vs. 70%. In NLPHL group there were no late or multiple relapses and none of them died. Conclusions: NLPHL is a rare disease, thus these are limited experiences with its diagnosis and treatment. Since the disease has an excellent outcomeit is very important to prefer less toxic or local therapies to reach long term survival similar to that of the normal population.     

Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm (BPDCN) on Social Media: #BPDCN—Increasing Exposure over Two Years Since Inception of a Disease-Specific Twitter Community

Purpose of Review

Engagement on social media for professional, healthcare-related communication is rapidly rising around the world. We aimed to better understand the dynamics of a rare disease Twitter hashtag community.

Recent Findings

Twitter has served as a platform for academic discussion, a method for knowledge dissemination directly from medical meetings, and a venue for patient caregiver and support groups. One example of a rare cancer that has seen an increase in available information via Twitter is blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm, or BPDCN. This field has recently experienced a new wave of interest from various healthcare stakeholders in light of key new scientific breakthroughs and novel clinical trials now starting to be available.

Summary

In order to bring all relevant healthcare stakeholders together, the investigators of this article created a disease-specific Twitter community: #BPDCN?=?“blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm on social media” which has led to higher levels of engagement and discussion in the field. This article focuses on our analysis of advanced Twitter user-metrics in the second year of #BPDCN and discusses future directions for this rare cancer online disease community.

     

Development of a Model to Predict Invasiveness in Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Diagnosed by Percutaneous Biopsy—Original Study and Critical Evaluation of the Literature

Background

Approximately 30% of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) cases have an invasive component discovered on the final analysis that could affect surgical management. The aims of the present study were to determine the risk factors associated with the underestimation of DCIS and to develop a model to predict the probability of invasiveness.

In vitro activity of S 9788 on a multidrug-resistant leukemic cell line and on normal hematopoietic cells—reversal of multidrug resistance by sera from phase I-treated patients

The triazinoaminopiperidine derivative S 9788 is a new multidrug-resistance modulator that is currently being evaluated in phase I clinical trials. In this study, the reversal effect of S 9788 in comparison with verapamil was shown in vitro in human T-leukemic CCRF-CEM/VLB cells expressing the multidrug-resistance (MDR) phenotype. S 9788 increased in a dose-dependent manner the cytotoxic activity of doxorubicin or vinblastine, with complete reversal of resistance occurring at 2 M for a concomitant continuous exposure (96 h) to the cytotoxic drugs. At respective concentrations equivalent to the IC₁₀ value (the concentration inhibiting 10% of cell growth), S 9788 was 44 times more potent than verapamil in CCRF-CEM/VLB cells. S 9788 at 2 M did not enhance the in vitro toxicity of doxorubicin or vinblastine in the human normal bone-marrow erythroid (BFU-E) and myeloid (CFU-GM) progenitors. The effect of exposure duration and concentrations on the synergistic action of modulator and cytotoxic agent closely depended on the cytotoxic agent studied. Post-incubations with S 9788 alone after a 1-h coadministration with vinblastine and S 9788 dramatically increased the reversal effect (4–41 times) in proportion to both the duration of postincubation and the concentration of S 9788. In contrast, for doxorubicin resistance, post-incubation with S 9788 alone induced a maximal 2-fold increase in the reversal effect that was not proportional to the postincubation duration. In patients treated with S 9788 as a 30-min intravenous infusion during phase I trials, a good correlation was found between the serum levels of S 9788 and the ability to reverse MDR in CCRF-CEM/VLB cells. The reversal effect was dose-dependent and was effective beginning at a plasma concentration of 0.25 M. These data form a basis for the design of phase II trials using a combination of a loading dose of S 9788 given before vinblastine or doxorubicin administration followed by a maintenance infusion of S 9788 alone for a period of 2–24 h.