La lymphangite carcinomateuse duodénale: aspects endoscopiques et anatomopathologiques

Duodenal lymphangitis carcinomatosa has been described sporadically. We report a new case of lymphangitis carcinomatosa of the duodenum. The gastroscopy showed a thickening of the duodenal folds which appears to be punctate, grainy, and reddish. This grainy appearance seems to be secondary to an expansion of neoplastic cells in the lymphatic vessels. On pathological study, lesions were characterized by a normal mucosa with presence in the upper part of the lamina propria of dilated lymphatic vessels containing aggregated neoplastic cells. These aspects were not found in the extralymphatic tissues of the lamina propria and the submucosa. The primitive tumor was endometrial. The patient died 70 days after diagnosis.     

内镜治疗十二指肠非壶腹性黏膜病变的回顾性分析

分析内镜下切除治疗十二指肠非壶腹性黏膜病变的疗效。收集2016年1月—2019年6月于3所医院行内镜下切除治疗的58例十二指肠非壶腹性黏膜病变患者的内镜及病理资料进行回顾性分析。58例患者中,病变位于十二指肠球部27例(46.6%),十二指肠降部(包括球降交界)31例(53.4%);行内镜黏膜切除术治疗者46例(79....     

Endoscopic evaluation of the involvement of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum in human paracoccidioidomycosis

The upper gastrointestinal tract was investigated endoscopically in 30 patients with paracoccidioidomycosis. Esophagus, stomach and duodenum showed, respectivelly, 40%, 53% and 43% of endoscopic alterations. The histopathological examination of biopsy tissue revealed no specific lesions in esophagus and stomach, but P. brasiliensis was observed in three cases of duodenal lesions: two cases with mucosal diffuse erosions and one case of duodenal polyp. It is concluded that duodenal paracoccidioidomycosis is not rare and could be revealed by endoscopic examination in patients with disseminated disease.     

Future directions of duodenal endoscopic submucosal dissection

Endoscopic therapies for lesions of the duodenum are technically more difficult than those for lesions of the other parts of the gastrointestinal tract due to the anatomical features of the duodenum, and the incidence rate of complications such as perforation and bleeding is also higher. These aforementioned trends were especially noticeable for the case of duodenal endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD). The indication for ESD of duodenal tumors should be determined by assessment of the histopathology, macroscopic morphology, and diameter of the tumors. The three types of candidate lesions for endoscopic therapy are adenoma, carcinoma, and neuroendocrine tumors. For applying endoscopic therapies to duodenal lesions, accurate preoperative histopathological diagnosis is necessary. The most important technical issue in duodenal ESD is the submucosal dissection process. In duodenal ESD, a short needle-type knife is suitable for the mucosal incision and submucosal dissection processes, and the Small-caliber-tip Transparent hood is an important tool. After endoscopic therapies, the wound should be closed by clipping in order to prevent complications such as secondary hemorrhage and delayed perforation. At present, the criteria for selection between ESD and EMR vary among institutions. The indications for ESD should be carefully considered. Duodenal ESD should have limitations, such as the need for its being performed by experts with abundant experience in performing the procedure.     

Management of T1 colorectal carcinoma with special reference to criteria for curative endoscopic resection

Background and Aim: In guidelines 2010 for the treatment of colorectal cancer from the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum (JSCCR), the criteria for identifying curable T1 colorectal carcinoma after endoscopic resection were well/moderately differentiated or papillary histologic grade, no vascular invasion, submucosal invasion depth less than 1000 µm and budding grade 1 (low grade). We aimed to expand these criteria. Methods: A total of 499 T1 colorectal carcinomas, resected endoscopically or surgically, were analyzed. Relationships between clinicopathologic findings and lymph node metastasis were evaluated. Results: Lymph node metastasis was found in 41 (8.22%) of the 499 cases. The incidence of lymph node metastasis was significantly higher in lesions featuring poorly differentiated/mucinous adenocarcinoma, submucosal invasion ≥ 1800 µm, vascular invasion, and high‐grade tumor budding than in other lesions. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed all of these variables to be independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis. When cases that met three of the JSCCR 2010 criteria (i.e. all but invasion < 1000 µm) were considered together, the incidence of lymph node metastasis was only 1.2% (3/249, 95% confidence interval: 0.25–3.48%), and there were no cases of lymph node metastasis without submucosal invasion to a depth of ≥ 1800 µm. Conclusions: Even in cases of colorectal carcinoma with deep submucosal invasion, the risk of lymph node metastasis is minimal under certain conditions. Thus, even for such cases, endoscopic incisional biopsy can be suitable if complete en bloc resection is achieved.     

Endoscopic findings and pathologic characteristics of gastric eosinophilic granuloma： A report of 18 patients

INTRODUCTION Gastric eosinophilic granuloma (GEG) is characterized by pathological changes including eosinophil cells infiltrated into the submucous layer and muscular layer of the stom- ach. Its etiology is still unknown. The patients are prone to be mis…     

Personal experiences with the use of the argon laser in gastroenterology

The argon laser was used in 30 persons with various lesions of the alimentary canal. Of 17 patients with an intensive haemorrhage (gastric or duodenal ulcer, gastric erosions, haemorrhage after an endoscopic polypectomy) the treatment was successful in 15 cases. In 8 patients the basis of an endoscopically removed malignant rectosigmoid polyp was treated: in one case a recidivation developed, in the remaining 7 cases during the following 13 to 24 months no local recidivation was to be observed. Of the 4 patients with an obturating carcinoma (oesophagus, rectum) we were only once successful in removing the tumour masses and thus again rendering possible the passage. In the last patient in question a recidivation of a rectum carcinoma in the anastomosis was concerned, in which the prominuing tumour mass could be removed; after 20 months no other recidivation could be established.     

Regional lymph node recurrence without intragastric lesions after curative endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer meeting the absolute indications of endoscopic resection: A case report

Rationale:With the increase of gastric cancer surveillance and endoscopic resection techniques, the number of endoscopic resections being performed for the treatment of early gastric cancer in East Asian countries has been increasing. Previously, endoscopic resection has been limited to only differentiated type intramucosal cancers which had a diameter ≤2.0 cm, provided there was no evidence of ulceration and lymphovascular invasion, known as absolute indications. And recently, indications for endoscopic resection have been expanded to include even more cases.Patient concerns:A 57-year-old female, who had undergone curative endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer under the absolute indications for endoscopic resection 5 years prior, was referred to the department of general surgery with metastatic perigastric lymph nodes without intragastric lesions.Diagnosis:Computed tomography scan revealed the presence of a few enlarged lymph nodes at the distal part of the lesser curvature of the stomach. And positron emission tomography scan further revealed the presence of two hypermetabolic lymph nodes near the common hepatic artery, suggestive of metastatic lymph nodes.Interventions:Laparoscopic distal gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy with D2 lymph node dissection were performed.Outcomes:Final pathology report revealed the absence of any residual carcinoma in the stomach. However lymphovascular invasion of omental fat, and 3 out of 29 perigastric lymph nodes harvested had metastatic adenocarcinoma.Lessons:The case demonstrates that regional lymph node recurrence without intragastric lesions after curative resection of early gastric cancer meeting the absolute indications for endoscopic resection is possible even 5 years after resection of the primary lesion.     

7例原发性肝脏神经内分泌癌患者的影像学特征分析

目的探讨原发性肝脏神经内分泌癌的影像学特征。方法回顾性分析我院2009年5月—2016年12月经病理确诊的7例原发性肝脏神经内分泌癌患者的临床及影像学资料。结果 7例原发性肝脏神经内分泌癌患者中男5例,女2例,年龄30~65岁,平均年龄45.6岁,其中1例行CT平扫及增强扫描,6例行CT平扫及MRI增强扫描。7例患者共9个病灶,多发神经内分泌癌2例,均有2个病灶,其中1例合并布加综合征,1例伴发肝细胞肝癌。血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron-specific enolase,NSE)阳性4例,癌胚抗原及糖类抗原19-9阳性2例,AFP均阴性。其影像学特征性表现包括病灶呈"快进快出"5例,病灶内可见多发偏中心囊性变区6例,延迟期可见包膜4例,粗大肿瘤血管4例,引流静脉显影4例,所有病例均未见门静脉癌栓、淋巴结转移及胆管扩张征象。结论神经内分泌癌的影像学表现具有一定的特征性,无明确肝病史的肝脏富血供占位、病灶内含有单发或多发的偏中心性囊变区、肿瘤表面粗大肿瘤血管与引流静脉的出现,结合血清AFP阴性及NSE的升高,放射科医师应考虑到原发性肝脏神经内分泌癌的可能性,确诊仍需要活检取得病理组织学证据。     

Endoscopic management of duodenal diverticular bleeding

BACKGROUND: Although the presence of a duodenal diverticulum is usually asymptomatic, bleeding in this tissue is sometimes difficult to diagnose and treat. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the strategy for treatment, we reviewed the clinical data of patients diagnosed and treated for duodenal diverticular bleeding. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. SETTING: Single tertiary-referral center. PATIENTS: Seven consecutive patients with bleeding from a duodenal diverticulum (mean age, 73.7 +/- 3.4 years old). INTERVENTIONS: The clinical characteristics, endoscopic findings, and treatment strategy for duodenal diverticular bleeding. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: All 7 patients achieved hemostasis. Six of 7 patients were treated endoscopically. There were no complications with endoscopic treatment. RESULTS: Three patients bled from diverticula located at the second portion of the duodenum, and 4 patients bled from that located at the third portion. In 6 of 7 patients, lesions were identified and treated endoscopically with hemoclips, hypertonic saline solution and epinephrine (HSE), and/or 1% polidocanol injection. In 1 case, the lesion could not be detected during the first endoscopic examination, and the patient, therefore, was treated with transarterial embolization followed by surgical resection. LIMITATIONS: This preliminary case series described the feasibility of the endoscopic treatment. However, optimal management, including angiography and/or surgery, should be individualized to the patients, location, and type of hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS: Bleeding from a duodenal diverticulum should be considered in the case of upper-GI bleeding of unknown origin. An endoscopy may be an effective alternative to surgery in the management of a bleeding duodenal diverticulum.     

Cardiac tamponade originating from primary gastric signet ring cell carcinoma

A 45-year-old man with dry cough and dyspnea was referred by a medical practitioner for evaluation of heart failure on February 10, 1996. Chest X-ray revealed increased cardiothoracic ratio, and ultrasonographic echocardiography disclosed massive pericardial effusion with right ventricular collapse. Cardiac tamponade was diagnosed and pericardiocentesis was performed. Ten days after admission, the pleural effusion had become more pronounced, and thoracocentesis was performed. Carcinoembryonic antigen level was elevated in both the pericardial and pleural effusion, and cytology implicated adenocarcinoma, which suggested malignant effusion. Endoscopic study disclosed gastric cancer in the posterior wall of the upper body, and the histopathological diagnosis was signet-ring cell carcinoma. The patient died of respiratory failure on May 2, 1996, and autopsy was performed. The final diagnosis was gastric cancer with pulmonary lymphangitis, pericarditis, and pleuritis carcinomatosa, accompanied by enlargement of mediastinal and paraaortic lymph nodes. Interestingly, the primary signet-ring cell carcinoma of the stomach was situated mostly in the mucosa. Deep in the submucosal region, there was prominent invasion of the intra-lymphatic vessels, without direct destruction of the mucosa muscularis. (Received Mar. 10, 1998; accepted Nov. 27, 1998)     

儿童过敏性紫癜内镜与临床分析

目的探讨儿童过敏性紫癜内镜下病变,以及与临床的关系,为早期诊断提供依据。方法2000年8月至2004年4月收治的51例过敏性紫癜患儿进行内镜检查,并分析其病变特征和临床的关系。结果51例患儿中,15例内镜下未见明显异常;36例有不同程度的胃、十二指肠和结肠的黏膜受损;其中,单纯胃镜下病变4例,单纯结肠镜下病变7例,胃、十二指肠和结肠同时出现病变25例。病变以黏膜渗出、糜烂、出血为主要特征。结论多数过敏性紫癜患儿存在胃肠道黏膜受累情况,有些病变早于皮肤紫癜出现之前,提示内镜检查对过敏性紫癜的早期诊断具有重要意义。     

Asymptomatic lymphangitis carcinomatosis due to squamous cell lung carcinoma

Lymphangitis carcinomatosa most commonly due to primary malignancy originating in the breast, stomach, pleura and prostate but may also originate from the lung itself. It is clinically characterised by progressing dyspnoea with or without cough even at an early stage. We report the case of a patient with squamous cell lung cancer presenting with asymptomatic lymphangitis carcinomatosa.     

十二指肠脂肪瘤的诊治

目的 总结十二指肠脂肪瘤的临床特点,探讨有效的术前诊断方法 与恰当的治疗方案.方法 回顾性分析浙江大学医学院附属第一医院2000年6月至2008年12月间8例十二指肠脂肪瘤患者的临床表现、实验室检查结果 、内镜下表现、影像学特点及病理组织学结果 .结果 8例中反复黑便者4例,上腹不适、反酸或呃逆者3例,无症状者1例.血脂及血清肿瘤标志物测定均未见明显异常.胃镜检查发现病灶6例(球部2例,降部4例,其中2例首次检查时漏诊).CT发现十二指肠肠壁局部增厚6例,局部肠腔变窄4例,肠腔内低密度病灶3例,CT值平均-85 HU,增强后病灶均匀强化.超声内镜下表现为起源于黏膜下层的密集高回声区,圆形或椭圆形,边界清楚,内部回声均匀.内镜活检结果 均为黏膜慢性炎症,外科手术或内镜下切除术后病理结果 均为十二指肠脂肪瘤.行胰十二指肠切除术1例,十二指肠肿瘤切除术3例,内镜下行圈套摘除术4例,无出血、穿孔等相关并发症发生.结论 十二指肠脂肪瘤好发于降部,临床表现无特异性,内镜与影像学检查是发现病灶的主要手段,内镜超声具有重要的诊断与鉴别诊断价值,除肿瘤局部切除术或局部肠段切除术外,对有适应证者可在内镜下行圈套摘除术.     

Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound in discrimination between focal pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer

AIM: To evaluate the contrast-enhanced endosonography as a method of differentiating inflammation from pancreatic carcinoma based on perfusion characteristics of microvessels. METHODS: In 86 patients with suspected chronic pancreatitis (age: 62±12 years; sex: f/m 38/48), pancreatic lesions were examined by conventional endo-scopic B-mode, power Doppler ultrasound and contrast-enhanced power mode (Hitachi EUB 525, SonoVue, 2.4 mL, Bracco) using the following criteria for malignant lesions: no detectable vascularisation using conventional power Doppler scanning, irregular appearance of arterial vessels over a short distance using SonoVue contrast-enhanced technique and no detectable venous vessels inside the lesion. A malignant lesion was assumed if all criteria were detectable [gold standard endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine needle aspiration cytology, operation]. The criteria of chronic pancreatitis without neoplasia were defined as no detectable vascularisation before injection of SonoVue, regular appearance of vessels over a distance of at least 20 mm after injection of SonoVue and detection of arterial and venous vessels. RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of conventional EUS were 73.2% and 83.3% respectively for pancreatic cancer. The sensitivity of contrast-enhanced EUS increased to 91.1% in 51 of 56 patients with malignant pancreatic lesion and the specificity increased to 93.3% in 28 of 30 patients with chronic inflammatory pancreatic disease. CONCLUSION: Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound improves the differentiation between chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic carcinoma.     

Endoscopic Therapy of Early Colorectal Cancer (pT1) - A Prospective Study

INTRODUCTION: In a prospective study initiated in 1982, we have been investigating the question as to whether - and if so, which - pT1 carcinomas of the colorectum can be treated exclusively via the endoscope. METHOD: In the period between February 1, 1982 and April 30, 2001, a total of 5,470 polyps were removed endoscopically at the Medical Department I of the Klinikum Ludwigsburg. Among these lesions, a total of 144 (2.6 %) pT1 carcinomas were found in 141 patients. We were able to follow 120 patients with 123 pT1 carcinomas over a mean follow-up period of 46 months (range: 1-60). In low-risk situations (definitive removal in healthy tissue, G1-G2, no lymphatic involvement), endoscopic treatment alone usually represented sufficient treatment. In high-risk cases (removal in healthy tissue uncertain or negative, and/or lymphatic vessel involvement, and/or G3/G4), subsequent surgical resection was carried out. RESULTS: 64 cases were classified as high-risk, 59 as low-risk. Nevertheless, 9 patients with 10 low-risk carcinomas were submitted to surgery (young age, patient's own request). In none of these 10 cases was residual tumour or lymph node metastasis detected in the surgical specimen. 47 patients with 49 low-risk carcinomas were treated solely by endoscopic polypectomy using the diathermy snare, and 45 patients with 47 carcinomas remained recurrence-free during the follow-up period. In a single case, a local recurrence was detected 2 months after polypectomy and underwent curative resection. In another case, peritoneal carcinosis with tumour infiltrating into the colon developed 8 months after initial treatment; this, however, was most probably a recurrence of a previously operated carcinoma of the uterus. Among the high-risk cases, 10 were not submitted to surgery on account of advanced age and/or rejection of an operation by the patient; all remained recurrence-free. Among the surgically treated high-risk carcinomas, 3 surgical specimens contained residual tumour, while 2 revealed a lymph node metastasis. In our group of patients, no tumour-related mortality was seen among endoscopically treated patients. DISCUSSION: In the light of the fact that the reported mortality rate associated with open surgery for colorectal carcinoma is 3 % as compared with about 1 % risk of lymph node metastasis and 0,1 % mortality rate for the endoscopic modality, endoscopic removal of a pT1 tumour in a low-risk situation followed by appropriate surveillance can be considered as adequate treatment.     

Clinicopathologic features of early rectal carcinoma and indications for endoscopic treatment

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to clarify the indications for endoscopic treatment. METHODS: Clinical and pathologic features of 191 lesions in 180 patients with early rectal carcinoma were examined, including 110 intramucosal carcinomas and 81 carcinomas with submucosal invasion (submucosal carcinomas). All lesions had been endoscopically or surgically resected at the National Cancer Center Hospital between 1976 and 1990. RESULTS: Metastasis to regional lymph nodes (LN metastasis) was seen in 0 percent (0/39) of intramucosal carcinomas and 9.2 percent (6/65) of submucosal carcinomas in the surgically treated patients. The incidence of LN metastasis was higher for lesions larger than 10 mm in diameter, for those showing massive submucosal invasion, and for moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas. LN metastases were associated significantly with lymphatic invasion. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that early rectal carcinomas should be resected surgically if they 1) show massive submucosal invasion, 2) are classified as moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas, and 3) are larger than 10 mm in diameter. In patients with both scanty submucosal invasion and features of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma or intramucosal carcinoma and if no other risk factors for LN metastasis are present, such as lymphatic invasion by the primary lesion, surveillance may suffice after endoscopic resection.     

Endoscopic and biopsy diagnoses of superficial,nonampullary, duodenal adenocarcinomas

AIM: To investigate the accuracy of endoscopic or biopsy diagnoses of superficial nonampullary duodenal epithelial tumors(NADETs).METHODS:Clinicopathological data were reviewed for84 superficial NADETs from 74 patients who underwent surgery or endoscopic resection between September2002 and August 2014 at a single prefectural cancer center.Superficial NADETs were defined as lesions confined to the mucosa or submucosa.Demographic and clinicopathological data were retrieved from charts,endoscopic and pathologic reports.Endoscopic reports included endoscopic diagnosis,location,gross type,diameter,color,and presence or absence of biopsy.Endoscopic diagnoses were made by an endoscopist in charge of the examination before biopsy specimens were obtained.Endoscopic images were obtained using routine,front-view,high-resolution video endoscopy,and chromoendoscopy with indigocarmine was performed for all lesions.Endoscopic images were reviewed by at least two endoscopists to assess endoscopic findings indicative of carcinoma.Preoperative diagnoses based on endoscopy and biopsy findings were compared with histological diagnoses of resected specimens.Sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy were assessed for endoscopic diagnosis and biopsy diagnosis.RESULTS:The majority(81%)of the lesions were located in the second portion of the duodenum.The median lesion diameter was 14.5 mm according to final histology.Surgery was performed for 49 lesions from 39 patients,and 35 lesions from 35 patients were endoscopically resected.Final histology confirmed 65carcinomas,15 adenomas,and 3 hyperplasias.A finaldiagnosis of duodenal carcinoma was made for 91%(52/57)of the lesions diagnosed as carcinoma by endoscopy and 93%(42/45)of the lesions diagnosed as carcinoma by biopsy.The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of endoscopic diagnoses were 80%,72%,and 78%,respectively,whereas those of biopsy diagnoses were 72%,80%,and 74%,respectively.Preoperative diagnoses of carcinomas were made in88%(57/65)of the carcinoma lesions via endoscopy or biopsy.Endoscopic findings associated with carcinoma were red color,depression,and mixed-type morphology.CONCLUSION:Preoperative endoscopy and biopsy showed similar accuracies in the diagnosis of carcinoma in patients with superficial NADETs.     

Clinicopathologic features and endoscopic resection of early primary nonampullary duodenal carcinoma

Early primary nonampullary duodenal carcinoma is an extremely rare disease with poorly defined clinicopathologic features; early detection of this carcinoma is not common. To clarify the clinicopathologic characteristics of early primary nonampullary duodenal carcinoma and retrospectively analyze methods of treatment. Seventeen early duodenal carcinomas identified between 1994 and 2001 in 15 patients were studied. Lesions were divided into 2 groups: sporadic carcinoma (10 cases in 10 patients) and familial adenomatous polyposis associated carcinoma (7 cases in 5 patients). Clinicopathologic features and methods of treatment were compared between groups. The mean age of patients with sporadic carcinoma (63.8 years) was significantly higher than that of patients with FAP-associated carcinoma (34.9 years). The incidence of sporadic carcinoma was significantly higher in men that in women (M:F ratio 9:1); the difference between sexes in the incidence of FAP-associated carcinoma (1:4) was not significant. There was no significant difference between both groups in relation to tumor size, location, gross appearance, or histopathology. Thirteen of the duodenal tumors were treated by endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), two by polypectomy, and two by open surgery. Complications were encountered in 1 of 15 cases (6%); local bleeding occurred after one EMR, but hemostasis was achieved endoscopically. The mean follow-up period for all patients was 51.7 months. No patients experienced recurrence after resection. The significant differences between patients with sporadic and those with early FAP-associated duodenal carcinoma were in age and sex. Endoscopic resection appears to be a safe and efficient treatment of carefully selected patients with early primary nonampullary duodenal carcinoma.