急性缺血性卒中血管内治疗技术培训模式研究——急性缺血性卒中血管内治疗培训班经验介绍

目的 探讨培训介入医师急性缺血性卒中血管内治疗技术的方法和模式.方法 对中国卒中学会国际卒中介入培训学院,首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院主办的"急性缺血性卒中血管内治疗培训班"学员进行血管内治疗技术理论和实践培训,并通过实践工作后1年进行毕业答辩,对学员的培训成果进行检验.结果 完成培训并在实际工作中开展急性缺血性卒中血...     

局域卒中网络建设提高急性缺血性卒中血管内治疗的疗效

目的 观察局域卒中急救网络提高急性缺血性卒中血管内治疗的临床效果。 方法 回顾分析暨南大学附属第一医院牵头建立“天河局域急性缺血性卒中急救网”后的数据库,将 接受血管内治疗患者分为综合卒中中心院内首诊组（院内首诊组）、网络医院转诊组和非网络医院转 诊组,比较三组间发病-入院就诊时间、发病-穿刺时间、发病-首次再通时间和3个月功能预后情况。 结果 2015年10月-2017年7月共93例血管内治疗患者,其中院内首诊组37例,网络医院转诊组31例, 非网络医院转诊组25例。三组间发病-入院就诊时间、发病-穿刺时间、发病-首次再通时间均有显著 差异,其中非网络医院转诊组各时间均明显延长（P＜0.05）。三组3个月非残疾（改良Rankin评分≤2） 比例分别为60.00%、45.16%和28.00%,其中院内首诊组预后与网络医院转诊组比较差异无统计学意 义（P =0.244）,但院内首诊组明显优于非网络医院转诊组（P =0.039）。 结论 局域卒中急救网络建设可以缩短急性缺血性卒中患者救治时间,改善患者预后。     

急性缺血性卒中血管内治疗新技术探讨

卒中包括脑梗死和脑出血,其现已成为中国城市人群死亡原因的第二位,农村人群死亡原因的第一位.据报道,全国约有600万～700万卒中幸存者,每年新发卒中人数约250万～300万,死亡人数约150万.卒中幸存者中有3/4的存在不同程度的神经功能丧失,重残者超过40％.缺血性脑梗死即缺血性卒中,包括动脉血栓形成性脑梗死、脑栓塞、腔隙性梗死和分水岭梗死等.血栓形成、栓子脱落、血管壁斑块形成及血管狭窄等是导致急性缺血性卒中的常见病因.由于缺血性卒中发病原因复杂,导致了血管内治疗技术的多样性和高难度.     

急性缺血性卒中血管内治疗影像筛选研究进展

目前支架取栓已经成为大血管闭塞造成的急性脑梗死的标准治疗,虽然手术技术和材料日新月异,接受该手术患者的临床预后仍旧很难预测。术前影像评价是决定患者能否从手术中获益的重要环节。其主要手段包括以CT、CTA和DSA为基础的大血管闭塞诊断;以CTA和DSA为基础的侧支循环评价;以灌注成像为基础的半暗带评价。此外,人工智能技术未来可能发挥更重要作用。本文对急性缺血性卒中的影像评估技术进展进行了综述。     

急性缺血性卒中血管内治疗筛选病例的研究进展

急性缺血性卒中发病率呈逐年上升趋势,并且具有很高的致残率和致死率。由于静脉阿替普酶溶栓治疗急性缺血性卒中的局限性,2015年以来5大临床前瞻随机双盲多中心临床研究证实新一代血管再通策略（主要是可回收支架）在大血管闭塞导致的急性缺血性卒中明显优于单独内科治疗,各国脑卒中指南也相应进行更新。本文围绕5大临床研究及欧洲、美国最新指南中关于筛选合适卒中患者进行机械取栓的研究进展综述如下。     

急性缺血性卒中的治疗进展

卒中是引起死亡的第三大原因和导致残疾的主要原因,给社会带来极大的经济负担。大多数为缺血性卒中,颅内出血和蛛网膜下腔出血占15％。美国FDA批准用于治疗发病3h以内的急性缺血性卒中的唯一药物是组织纤溶酶原激活物（tPA）,但多数病人没能接受tPA治疗,     

急性缺血性卒中血管内治疗中国指南2015

<正>引言卒中是导致人类致残和致死的主要病因之一,急性缺血性卒中(acute ischemic stroke,AIS)约占全部卒中的80%。AIS治疗的关键在于尽早开通阻塞血管、挽救缺血半暗带。目前,被证实有效的AIS早期再通的治疗方法是静脉注射重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(recombinant tissue plasminogen activator,rt-PA)溶栓[1-3]。最新发表的9大溶     

中国急性缺血性卒中血管内治疗现状初步调查

目的初步调查我国急性缺血性卒中(acute ischemic stroke,AIS)血管内治疗的现状。方法在中国卒中中心联盟急性缺血性卒中血管内治疗协作组(Acute Ischemic Stroke Corporation Group of Endovascular Treatment,ANGEL)的首批中心中,采取调查问卷方式,对各医院的急性缺血性卒中血管内治疗负责人进行问卷调查。结果参与调查中心110家,遍布国内25省,64个城市,三级甲等医院90家,三级乙等医院13家,二级医院7家,61.2%的医院由神经内科实施AIS血管内治疗,18.0%由神经外科实施。所有中心均可实现24 h的电子计算机断层扫描(computed tomography,CT)检查及数字减影血管成像(digital subtraction angiography,DSA),但24 h CT血管成像(CT angiography,CTA)检查仅为59.1%,24 h磁共振(magnetic resonance,MR)检查为30%。调查中心过去1年内治疗患者的总例数为2522例,完成50例以上的中心16家(14.5%)。AIS年治疗10例以上的中心中:血管内治疗后出血比率5%最多,占45.7%。血管内治疗后的再通比率81%~90%最多,占32.9%。90 d良好预后比率50%~60%最多,占33.8%。再通率60%以下的中心占8.6%,术后颅内出血10%以上占24.3%,90 d功能独立[改良Rankin量表评分(modified Rankin Scale,m RS)0~2]在40%以下占8.8%。培训内容排名前3位的为术中决策及突发问题处理,急诊治疗材料选择和技术规范,以及并发症预防和处理。结论近年,国内AIS血管内治疗数量在显著增加,24 h可及的多模式的影像检查仍有待普及。血管内治疗出血并发症、再通率及良好预后仍有待改进,开展规范的培训及质量监控是关键。     

急性缺血性卒中血管内治疗后出血转化的研究进展

急性缺血性卒中治疗的关键在于尽早开通闭塞的血管,恢复缺血区域的血流灌注,挽救缺血半暗带。目前以机械取栓、支架置入为代表的血管内治疗已成为急性缺血性卒中的有效治疗方法,但出血转化仍是血管内治疗的灾难性并发症,并与神经功能恶化和较差的功能预后密切相关。因此,提高临床医师对出血转化的认识至关重要。现结合相关指南和最新研究进展,对急性缺血性卒中血管内治疗后出血转化的研究进展进行综述,探讨出血转化的病理生理机制、危险因素、预测指标及防治策略,为早期预测及防治出血转化提供参考。     

急性缺血性卒中血管内治疗中国指南2018

正引言卒中是导致人类致残和致死的主要疾病之一,急性缺血性卒中(acute ischemic stroke,AIS)约占全部卒中的80%。AIS治疗的关键在于尽早开通阻塞血管,挽救缺血半暗带。目前被证实有效的AIS早期血管再通的治疗方法主要是静脉重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(recombinant tissue plasminogen activator,rt-PA)溶栓~([1-3])。静脉溶栓随机对照研究的汇总分析进一步证实发病4.5 h内静脉rt-PA溶栓有明确获益,而且溶栓时间越早,获益越大~([4])。由     

Endovascular Treatment of Internal Carotid Artery Dissection Presenting with Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background: Definitive treatment of carotid dissection-related strokes is currently unproved. The best endovascular technique in this setting remains to be established. Objective: To report our experience in endovascular treatment of internal carotid artery dissection presenting with acute strokes. Methods: Consecutive patients with acute strokes due to internal carotid artery dissection treated with endovascular therapy at our hospital between January 2008 and July 2019 were included. Patients were assigned to endovascular treatment according to clinical-radiologic mismatch, NIHSS greater than or equal to 5, and within 6 hours after symptom onset. The endovascular technique is described. Intracranial recanalization, carotid dilatation, and clinical outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Seven patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 55 years; 5 patients (71.4%) were male. 71.4% had tandem occlusion strokes, while 28.6% had hemodynamic strokes. The mean onset-to-puncture time was 3.92 hours. Stent-assisted angioplasty for internal carotid artery was done for 85.7% of patients with a mean of 1.6 deployed stents. Dilatation was successful in 83.3% of them. Successful overall recanalization rate was 85.7%. No major complications were encountered. Minor complications occurred in 42.8% of cases. The mean NIHSS score decreased from 13.7 preoperative to 5 after 3 days. Good functional outcome (mRS 0-2) was found in 85.7% of patients at 3 months. No recurrent strokes identified over an average of 40.86 months follow-up. Conclusion: Our study provides evidence that endovascular therapy for internal carotid artery dissection-related strokes has high rates of reperfusion and favorable outcomes. Stent-assisted angioplasty of carotid dissection is thought to be safe and effective.     

Evolving Role of Endovascular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke

The perceived advantages of endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke in terms of recanalization, the multimodal and targeted approaches, and perhaps the more permissive rules on devices than on medications for their licensing favored the assumption that endovascular treatment is superior to intravenous thrombolysis for acute treatment of ischemic stroke, and its adoption in more advanced stroke centers. However, this assumption has been questioned by recent clinical trial experience showing that endovascular treatment is not superior to intravenous thrombolysis. The new evidence has changed the perception and the importance of conducting randomized trials in this area. This summary examines the background and outcomes of the latest experience with endovascular techniques in acute stroke treatment based on historical data. The new challenge is how to study the latest generation of devices called stent retrievers, which are faster in recanalizing and easier to use, in selected patients with acute ischemic stroke. In the meantime, the available evidence does not provide support for the use of endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke in clinical practice.     

急性缺血性卒中血管内治疗麻醉方式之选

<正>1研究介绍1.1研究背景麻醉支持通常被应用于大血管闭塞所致急性缺血性卒中患者的动脉内治疗(intra-arterialtreatment,IAT)中,其目的是减少患者运动、增加患者舒适度、促进快速治疗并降低并发症的风险。在IAT术中有几种不同的麻醉方式选择:全身麻醉(general anesthesia,GA)、镇静麻醉(conscious sedation,CS)或仅在穿刺部位     

Subacute Recanalization and Reocclusion in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Following Endovascular Treatment

Objective  To determine the rate of subacute recanalization and reocclusion and its effect on clinical outcomes among patients with ischemic stroke treated with endovascular treatment. Subacute recanalization and reocclusion occurring hours after completion of the intravenous or intra-arterial thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke has been reported in anecdotal cases. Methods  We performed cerebral angiography at 24 h to determine the status of occlusion after endovascular treatment (compared with immediate post-procedure angiogram) in a series of patients with ischemic stroke treated with endovascular treatment. Clinical and radiological evaluations were performed before and 24 h, and prior to discharge or 1–3 months after treatment. We performed multivariate analysis to evaluate the effect of subacute recanalization on clinical outcome graded using modified Rankin scale (mRS). Favorable outcome was defined by mRS of 0–2. Results  A total of 56 patients (mean age 66 ± 14 years; 22 were men) were analyzed. Subacute recanalization was observed in 16 (29%) patients and consisted of additional recanalization in 8 patients with early recanalization. Subacute recanalization was associated with a trend toward a higher rate of favorable outcome (Wald chi-square 3.3, P = 0.19) after adjusting for other covariates. Subacute recanalization was not associated with either neurological deterioration or symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. Subacute reocclusion was observed in 5 (9%) patients. Subacute reocclusion was associated with a trend toward higher rate of neurological deterioration within 24 h (Wald chi-square 2.1, P = 0.15) after adjusting for other covariates. Conclusion  We found that new or additional recanalization occurs in one-fourth of the patients within 24 h of endovascular treatment and is not associated with any adverse consequences. Subacute reocclusion occurs infrequently after endovascular treatment.