交通事故所致颈部损伤的诊断和治疗进展

交通事故所致颈部损伤逐年增加,及时而有效的救治可大大降低死亡率。本文综述交通事故致颈部损伤的特点、影像特征、诱发电位检测以及血清标志物检测方法等,进而对伤员的伤情综合考虑并具体分析,正确判断其轻重缓急,分清伤情、分类救治,有利于主治医生对患者进行精准和个性化的急救和手术治疗,最大限度抢救生命、减少残疾,同时预防和治疗交通事故所致的创伤后应激障碍。     

头颈神经源性肿瘤23例报告

本文报告颈神经源性肿瘤２３例，并复习有关文献结合本组病例对该类肿瘤的病理，临床特征和治疗进行讨论。     

Effect of the Neck Retraction Taping (NRT) on Forward Head Posture and the Upper Trapezius Muscle during Computer Work

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of neck retraction taping on forward head posture and the upper trapezius muscle of computer workers during computer work. [Subjects] Twelve males aged 20–30 years were recruited. [Methods] We measured forward head angle and upper trapezius muscle activity during computer work before and after NRT. [Results] The FHP angle significantly decreased during computer work performed with NRT compared to without NRT. The UT muscle activity was also significantly decreased during computer work performed with NRT compared to without NRT. [Conclusion] We think that the taping tension provided by NRT may have provided a mechanical effect that prevented FHP. NRT may also encourage a proper head posture in patients unfamiliar with the neck retraction posture.Key words: Forward head posture, Neck retraction, Taping     

小鼠肾囊移植法用于头颈肿瘤化疗的实验研究及临床观察

小鼠肾囊移植法是近年来国内外相继建立的一种预测肿瘤病人对抗癌药物敏感性的体内实验方法。作者将此法应用于头颈肿瘤的临床化疗,介绍该法的手术及实验方法,小结15例SRCA实验结果资料,初探其病理类型和肿瘤部位与药物敏感性的关系。认为该方法对选择临床化疗药物有应用价值。     

A Study on the Prognostic Evaluation of Carbon Ion Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Adenocarcinoma with C-11 Methionine PET

Purpose  

Carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) has been developed, and a phase I/II CIRT trial has been conducted in patients with adenocarcinoma in the head and neck region. We evaluated whether the l-methyl [11C]-methionine (MET) uptake could be an early predictor for local recurrence, metastasis, and the prognosis in patients with adenocarcinoma in the head and neck region.     

全程营养管理模式对头颈恶性肿瘤围手术期营养的影响研究

目的探讨全程营养管理模式对头颈恶性肿瘤患者围手术期营养的影响。方法选择2012年3月-2013年6月住院的头颈恶性肿瘤患者64例,随机分成对照组和研究组各32例。对照组给予头颈肿瘤常规饮食指导,研究组由营养支持小组给予全程营养管理,手术前后（入院后及术后3 d）并采用营养风险筛查量表2002（NRS2002）对其手术前后的营养状况进行筛查、评定。同时观察比较两组患者术后并发症、统计住院时间及费用。结果 29.7%～48.4%的头颈恶性肿瘤患者在围手术期的不同阶段存在营养风险,通过实施全程营养管理模式,研究组术后营养风险显著低于对照组（P〈0.01）;体质量指数、肱三头肌皮褶厚度、上臂中段肌围、前白蛋白、血肌酐方面均较对照组有明显改善（P〈0.01）;术后并发症低于对照组（P〈0.05）;住院时间及住院费用方面均显著低于对照组（P〈0.001）。结论全程营养管理模式能明显改善头颈恶性肿瘤患者围手术期的营养状况,及早对有营养风险及营养不良（足）的患者进行规范、科学的营养干预,有利于患者康复。     

Evaluation of the clinical utility of the Home Falls and Accidents Screening Tool (HOME FAST)

Purpose: The HOME FAST was developed and trialled in Australia as a screening tool designed to be used by any health professional to identify older people at increased risk of falls and to facilitate referral for more detailed assessment and intervention. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of the HOME FAST from the perspective of users.

Method: A mixed-methods approach using survey data (n?=?32), focus group data (n?=?46) and interview data (n?=?5) from occupational therapists, physiotherapists, community nurses and other health professionals working in hospitals, community services and private practice, located in the UK, Canada and Australia. Data were integrated using a matrix of quantitative and qualitative data that aligned the findings with established theoretical constructs of clinical utility.

Results: Findings across the data sources provide evidence of the clinical utility of the HOME FAST, and these findings align with theoretical constructs about how a tool such as the HOME FAST is adopted in practice.

Conclusion: The HOME FAST can be used in a variety of international setting in developed countries and by different health professionals as a screening tool. A manual would assist in the consistent application of the HOME FAST.

• Implications for Rehabilitation

• Hazards in the home environment are a key contributor to falls risk for older people

• The Home Falls and Accidents Screening Tool (HOME FAST) was designed for any health professional to screen older people at increased risk of falling because of home hazards.

• Even with psychometric evidence of the reliability and validity of a tool, it is critical that the tool can be easily adopted by clinicians (clinical utility), otherwise its applicability to practice and research is limited.

• An international mixed-method study has provided evidence of the clinical utility of the HOME FAST.