DKC1基因变异致联合免疫缺陷及小肠结肠炎为表现的Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson综合征1例

1岁9月龄男性患儿存在胎儿期宫内发育迟缓、小头畸形、小脑发育不良和体格发育迟缓,同时表现为早发的联合免疫缺陷、小肠结肠炎及骨髓衰竭,进而合并严重感染,出现巨细胞病毒感染所致坏死性视网膜综合征及大肠埃希菌败血症。经基因检测分析发现DKC1基因半合子错义变异c.146C>T（p.Thr49Met）,该变异遗传自母亲,且该变...     

ASPM 突变致小头畸形1 例报告及文献回顾

目的探讨ASPM基因检查对小头畸形的诊治价值。方法回顾分析1例小头畸形患儿的临床资料以及采用二代测序方法进行小头畸形相关基因全外显子捕获检测结果,同时复习相关文献。结果患儿,女,18月龄,头围37.5 cm(-3 SD),无明显智力发育异常。基因检测结果显示,患儿ASPM 基因存在第 18 号外显子的c.8815delA和第3号外显子的c.C1789T变异,生物信息学软件预测为致病性变异。结论 ASPM基因18 号外显子c.8815delA和第3号外显子c.C1789T变异极可能是导致原发性小头畸形的原因之一,基因检测有助于早期诊断。     

ALG1基因相关先天性糖基化障碍伴婴儿痉挛症2例报告及文献复习

目的探讨ALG1基因相关先天性糖基化障碍(ALG1-CDG)的临床及遗传特征。方法回顾分析2例ALG1-CDG患儿的临床资料,并复习相关文献。结果来自同一家系的兄妹,均于出生后即有精神运动发育落后,且均在早期出现痉挛性发作,伴小头畸形、肌张力低下、乳头内陷、眼部异常、血小板减少等;脑电图呈高峰失律。基因检测提示2例患儿均存在ALG1基因复合杂合变异,c.1129 AC(p.Met377Leu)、c.1263+3AT,两个位点分别遗传自父母。检索到国内外文献报道的ALG1-CDG患儿68例,其中国内报道2例。ALG1-CDG患儿主要表现为癫痫、精神运动发育落后、肌张力低下及小头畸形等神经系统异常,同时可存在其他多系统疾病。结论 ALG1-CDG可表现为婴儿痉挛症,基因检测有助于诊断及遗传咨询。本研究拓展了ALG1表型谱及基因谱。     

CASK基因变异1例临床特征分析

目的分析CASK基因变异的临床特征。方法回顾1例因CASK基因变异导致智力障碍、小头畸形伴脑桥小脑发育不良患儿的临床资料以及基因检测结果。结果男性患儿,3个月27天。临床主要表现为小头畸形、先天性喉软骨发育不良以及气管软化、生长发育迟缓、喂养困难、四肢肌张力高、反复无热抽搐。染色体微阵列检测未检测到有临床意义的基因拷贝数缺失、重复和大片段纯合子现象。高通量测序结合Sanger测序验证结果显示患儿携带CASK基因半合子移码变异c.1818_1821dupAACT,p.T608Nfs*16,该变异为可能致病性变异。结论发现1例CASK变异导致智力障碍、小头畸形伴脑桥小脑发育不良的病例。     

CCND2基因新发变异致MPPH3综合征一例

患儿男,1岁,因“大运动发育落后、不会坐”于2019年12月就诊于郑州大学附属儿童医院,主要表现为巨颅畸形、全面发育迟缓,影像学可见多小脑回畸形、脑室扩大。基因测序示患儿CCND2基因第5外显子存在c.820G>T,p.E274*杂合无义变异,诊断为巨脑症-多小脑回-多指(趾)畸形-脑积水综合征3型,扩大了CCND2基因变异谱。     

ASPM基因缺陷致新生儿小头畸形6例病例系列报告并文献复习

背景：原发性小头畸形（MCPH）是以头围小、面部畸形和智力障碍为特征的神经系统发育性的罕见遗传性疾病。 目的：总结“新生儿基因组计划（China Neonatal Genomes Project,CNGP）”中ASPM基因缺陷导致原发性小头畸形（ASPM MCPH）病例的临床特征和基因变异特征,并对HGMD数据库收录的ASPM MCPH进行整理分析,加深对ASPM MCPH的认识。 设计：病例系列报告。 方法： 纳入参与CNGP且基因检测结果为携带ASPM双等位基因致病/可疑致病（P/LP）变异的患儿,整理患儿新生儿期的主要临床信息和基因检测结果。整理HGMD、ClinVar数据库及内部数据库ASPM基因P/LP变异,建立该基因P/LP变异列表,计算基因携带频率。分析HGMD数据库收录变异所属的文献,归纳ASPM MCPH表型和基因型关联性,进行统计学分析与比较。 主要结局指标：GNGP数据库ASPM基因致病变异携带率评估。 结果：携带ASPM基因双等位基因P/LP变异的患儿6例,共12个变异位点,其中6个变异为本研究首次报道。6例患儿产前B超均显示头围偏小,生后诊断小头畸形,但新生儿期其他表型不典型。CNGP患儿ASPM基因P/LP变异携带频率为0.001 206 403。既往报道中小头畸形、特殊面容和轻中度发育迟缓的表型占比＞50%,MR主要表现为脑回异常和脑室扩张;基因型中,无功能变异占96.43%,既往报道中失功能变异与错义变异对发育迟缓程度的影响差异无统计学意义。 结论：发现ASPM基因6个新的P/LP变异位点,首次提出ASPM基因致病变异NICU人群携带率评估,对产前检查提示头围偏小胎儿建议行基因检测。     

2例神经退行性变伴脑铁沉积症5型患儿临床及遗传学分析

目的探讨神经退行性变伴脑铁沉积症5型(NBIA5)患儿的临床及遗传学特征。方法分析2例NBIA5患儿临床表现及影像学结果,并用全外显子检测技术对患儿及家系进行WDR45基因测序。结果患儿分别为10个月男性和3岁10个月女性,均有全面性发育迟缓。1例有疑似癫痫发作史,MRI提示脑实质进行性萎缩;另1例有癫痫病史,MRI提示双侧苍白球T2WI及T2Flair上信号稍高。基因测序显示均存在WDR45基因突变,1例为未见报道的第6外显子c.276-c 277 insC移码突变,另1例为已有报道的第3外显子c. 19 CT提前终止;2例患儿父母均为WDR45野生型。结论 WDR45全外显子基因测序结合病史及MRI可诊断NBIA5。     

PARS2相关发育性癫痫性脑病1例并文献复习北大核心CSCD

探讨PARS2相关发育性癫痫性脑病的临床和分子遗传学特征。回顾性分析1例PARS2相关发育性癫痫性脑病患儿的临床表现、影像学及遗传学数据。结合文献复习,总结该病的临床和遗传学特征。患儿男,9个月,因“反复抽搐3个月”2022年1月就诊于北京大学第一医院儿科。随访8个月仍有全面发育落后,伴肌张力低下及小头畸形。共纳入患儿20例,临床特征为生后6个月以内起病,全面发育迟缓,痉挛发作,肌张力低,小头畸形,以额叶受累为著的脑萎缩伴小脑齿状核周围异常信号及心脏受累。共报道11个致病性变异,最常见的变异为c.283G>A(42.3%)和c.1091C>G(19.2%)。对于生后6个月内起病的全面发育迟缓和痉挛发作患儿,如伴肌张力低,小头畸形,额叶为著的脑萎缩伴小脑齿状核周围异常信号和心脏受累,应考虑到PARS2相关发育性癫痫性脑病的可能,c.283G>A和c.1091C>G为两个高频致病性变异。     

先天性糖基化障碍Ie 型合并先天性肌营养不良表型患儿临床和基因分析

目的探讨多萜醇磷酸甘露糖基转移酶1(DMP1)基因变异致先天性糖基化障碍Ie型(CDG-Ie)合并先天性肌营养不良表型的临床表现及基因变异。方法回顾分析1例CDG-Ie型合并先天性肌营养不良表型患儿的临床资料及基因检测结果。结果男性患儿,1月龄即发现头围小,随后有智力、运动发育迟缓、小头畸形、癫痫性脑病、肌力和肌张力减弱、双足挛缩、扁鼻梁、小下颌、双眼上斜、追光差等表现,血清肌酸肌酶升高。头颅磁共振示脑萎缩,脑外间隙弥漫性增宽,脑内髓鞘化明显偏弱。脑电图为暴发-抑制改变。基因测序显示患儿DPM1基因存在复合杂合变异,c.669-3CG和c.677GT;家系分析提示c.669-3CG来自母亲,c.677GT来自父亲。确诊为CDG-Ie。结论 CDG-Ie是CDG的罕见类型,常合并先天性肌营养不良表型,早期基因检测有助明确诊断。     

RARS2 基因变异一家系报告并文献复习

目的探讨RARS2基因变异的临床特点。方法回顾分析一家系2例RARS2基因变异患儿的临床资料,并复习相关文献。结果 2例患儿为姐妹,均于4月龄起病,表现为喂养困难、顽固性局灶性癫痫发作、四肢肌张力减低、小头畸形,血乳酸一过性升高;头颅磁共振示双侧大脑半球萎缩,右侧颅板下出血,右侧基底节区异常信号。先证者检测到RARS2基因复合杂合变异,NM_020320 c.1157GT(p.R386L),NM_020320 c.1210AG(p.M404V)。先证者姐姐首次基因检测无发现,再次分析发现RARS2基因同样变异,并于1岁4月龄死亡。检索到相关文献19篇,包括本家系2例共37例患儿。其中男37.2%、女62.8%,大多在6月龄内起病;临床表现有癫痫发作,精神运动发育停滞或倒退,喂养困难,肌张力减低,小头畸形;大部分患儿血、脑脊液乳酸增高及脑桥小脑发育不良。共发现RARS2基因33个变异位点。结论 RARS2基因变异的临床表现有顽固性癫痫发作、喂养困难、精神运动发育迟滞或倒退、小头畸形、肌张力减低,部分患儿无桥脑小脑发育不良,预后差。     

初发1型糖尿病儿童辅助性Th1细胞因子紊乱相关因素分析

目的：检测初发1型糖尿病患儿IL-1β、IL-12、IL-18、TNF-α等细胞因子水平,并分析其与感染、起病时间等临床指标相关性。方法：选择初发1型糖尿病患儿33例为病例组,依据外周血白细胞（WBC）水平将33例患儿分为WBC增高组和WBC正常组;另选取健康体检儿童27例为对照组。应用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清IL-1β、IL-12、IL-18、TNF-α等细胞因子水平;同时检测病例组患儿血气pH值、血糖、血乳酸、果糖胺、外周血白细胞及中性粒细胞等各临床指标水平。结果：病例组细胞因子 IL-12水平高于对照组（P＜0.001）。病例组IL-18水平与发病时间呈负相关（r=-0.413,P=0.015）;中性粒细胞与IL-1β水平呈正相关（r=0.413,P=0.023）;外周血WBC与IL-18水平亦呈正相关（r=0.352,P=0.038）。WBC增高组细胞因子IL-1β、IL-12、IL-18水平高于WBC正常组(均P＜0.05)。结论：1型糖尿病患儿存在Th1细胞分泌细胞因子紊乱,感染可进一步提高细胞因子的分泌水平,可能推动了早期糖尿病起病过程。     

激素耐药性肾病伴泌尿生殖器异常患儿的临床特点及WT1基因分析

目的 分析激素耐药性肾病伴泌尿生殖器异常患儿的临床特点、WT1基因及足细胞分子表达,提高对WT1基因突变在该类疾病的重要致病作用的认识.方法 收集3例激素耐药性肾病伴有或怀疑有泌尿生殖器异常的患儿.采用PCR及RT-PCR的方法分析WT1基因及+KTS(赖氨酸-苏氨酸-丝氨酸)/-KTS比例;采用间接免疫荧光及免疫组化的方法进行足细胞分子(nephrin,pedocin,α-actinin4,WT1及CD2AP)表达.结果 3例患儿发病年龄分别为6个月、1岁及10岁;2例为男性伴泌尿外生殖器异常,1例为男性假两性畸形;临床均表现激素耐药肾病,2例肾脏病理为局灶节段性肾小球硬化.2例检测到删突变,即WT1 IVS 9+5 G＞A和WT1外显子9 1186 G＞A杂合突变.足细胞分子在WT1突变肾组织表达发生改变;1例无WT1表达,1例WT1在足细胞细胞核内的分布与正常对照不同.结论 对于激素耐药性肾病的女性患者或伴有泌尿生殖器异常的男性患者应行染色体核型和WT1基因分析.WT1突变除可能引起+KTS/-KTS比例异常,还伴有足细胞分子表达异常,从而导致蛋白尿的形成和(或)发展.     

应用胰岛素泵治疗儿童及青少年1型糖尿病对糖代谢的影响

为观察应用胰岛素泵治疗儿童及青少年1型糖尿病(T1DM)对糖代谢的影响 ,随访10例胰岛素泵治疗的T1DM患儿 ,分别观察胰岛素泵治疗前、后6个月的糖化血红蛋白值(HbA1c)、胰岛素用量、严重低血糖及酮症酸中毒发生次数的变化情况。结果显示 ,胰岛素泵治疗6个月后HbA1c 显著下降 ,治疗前为8.97 %±1.69 %,治疗后为7.51 %±1.17 % (t=2.52 ,P<0.05) ;胰岛素用量无显著下降 ;未发生严重低血糖和酮症酸中毒。表明胰岛素泵治疗可有效控制血糖 ,明显降低HbA1c,减少低血糖及酮症酸中毒的发生 ,是儿童及青少年T1DM常规治疗的较好选择。     

Factors associated with increased risk of insulin pump discontinuation in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes

de Vries L, Grushka Y, Lebenthal Y, Shalitin S, Phillip M. Factors associated with increased risk of insulin pump discontinuation in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes. Background: There are few reports on rates and predictors for pump discontinuation in the pediatric population. Objective: To study the rate of and predictors for insulin pump discontinuation among pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes. Methods: Medical chart review of 530 patients with type 1 diabetes who had started pump therapy between 2000 and 2008 in our center revealed that 11.3% had discontinued pump use after 3 d to 5 yr; of these, 9.1% discontinued pump use at least 3 months after initiation. Relevant data were retrieved from the files of these patients and from those of 100 randomly assigned pump‐treated patients. Results: The pump discontinuation group had a significantly higher proportion of female patients (75 vs. 46%, p = 0.001) and patients above 10 yr of age (93.8 vs. 80%, p = 0.03) than the reference group. Comparable findings were noted for age at diagnosis, pubertal stage, anthropometric data and duration of diabetes at pump initiation, rate of severe hypoglycemic and diabetic ketoacidosis episodes. There were no between‐group differences in number of daily insulin injections and blood glucose measurements before pump treatment. At pump initiation, HbA_1c was significantly higher in patients discontinuing pump therapy than in the controls (8.6 ± 1.4 vs. 8.1 ± 1.0, p = 0.02). This difference was maintained at the last follow‐up visit recorded. Conclusions: Almost 90% of our cohort maintained pump therapy. Female gender, age older than 10 years in girls and poor metabolic control at pump initiation were associated with higher risk for pump discontinuation – for such patients intensified individual and family support may serve to maximize persistent pump therapy.     

热性惊厥患儿血浆和外周血单个核细胞表面ICAM-1/LFA-1的表达水平

目的探讨细胞间黏附因子-1(ICAM-1)及其配体淋巴细胞功能相关抗原-1(LFA-1)对热性惊厥(FS)患儿的神经免疫调节作用。方法2004-11—2006-12将武汉市儿童医院60例FS患儿分为单纯性FS(SFS)组30例和复杂性FS(CFS)组30例;对照组30例,为年龄和性别相匹配的同期体检健康儿童。采用双抗夹心ELISA法检测血浆可溶性ICAM-1/LFA-1水平,流式细胞术检测外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)表面ICAM-1/LFA-1的表达水平。结果SFS组和CFS组患儿血浆ICAM-1水平分别为(21.54±11.09)ng/mL和(24.34±6.86)ng/mL,均明显低于对照组(29.73±12.39)ng/mL儿童(P<0.05);3组血浆LFA-1水平从高到低依次为CFS组(12.30±8.04)ng/mL、SFS组(12.09±8.83)ng/mL和对照组(9.51±8.07)ng/mL,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。SFS组的PBMC表面ICAM-1表达水平为(29.96±12.31)%,明显高于CFS组(22.50±8.19)%及对照组(14.21±11.31)%儿童(P<0.05),CFS组的PBMC表面ICAM-1表达水平明显高于对照组儿童(P<0.05);而LFA-1在PBMC表面的表达水平则不同,3组比较,SFS组最高为(50.89±21.36)%,CFS组最低为(34.35±11.45)%,对照组为(41.39±16.30)%,组间比较差异有统计学意义。结论ICAM-1/LFA-1作为早期应激状态下的协同刺激信号免疫因子,参与白细胞黏附及其黏附级联反应,使大脑神经元在对热应激不适应基础上呈过度兴奋状态,诱导惊厥的发生。且CFS的神经免疫病理过程要比SFS相对复杂,抑制FS的ICAM-1/LFA-1黏附活动可能为其防治开辟新的途径。     

先天性角化不良一例临床和遗传学特点

目的 探讨以血小板减少就诊的先天性角化不良患儿的临床及遗传学特点.方法 分析1例4岁10个月患儿的临床特点,采用聚合酶链反应及直接测序的方法检测DKC1基因.结果 患儿1岁起病,表现皮肤网状色素沉着、甲萎缩和黏膜白斑三联征,伴有多系统受累;为DKC1(1058C-T,A353V)基因突变.结论 患儿具有先天性角化不良的临床特点,存在DKC1基因突变,诊断X连锁隐性遗传型先天性角化不良.     

Factors associated with hypoxemia in children infected with pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza virus

Background: Hypoxemia was found to be a major cause of death from pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza (pH1N1) infection. There are limited data on factors associated with hypoxemia in children infected with pH1N1 influenza virus. Methods: Factors associated with hypoxemia were investigated using univariate and multivariate analysis in 76 hospitalized pediatric patients with laboratory‐confirmed H1N1 influenza virus infection at Gyeongsang National University Hospital in Jinju, South Korea, from August 2009 to January 2010 by retrospective chart review. Results: Hypoxemia occurred in 17 children (22%), of whom three were admitted to an intensive care unit and one died. Hypoxemic patients were significantly more likely to have a higher respiratory rate, pulse rate, white blood cell count (WBC), and C‐reactive protein level, as well as a longer hospital stay. Respiratory rate and WBC count at admission were independently associated with hypoxemia as determined on multivariate analysis, and this association was found to be clinically significant. Conclusion: Although a higher WBC count and respiratory rate may not be specific for pHINI but represent the degree of disease severity for any infectious respiratory disease in general, clinicians can use these parameters at admission as useful, early indicators of disease severity in pediatric pH1N1 infection.     

Uridine correlates with the concentration of fructosamine and HbA1c in children with type 1 diabetes

Aim: Treating uridine as a product of UTP degradation and hypoxanthine as a degradation product of ATP, we assessed the concentration of uridine and hypoxanthine in the blood of children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. We also sought to define the relationship between indicators of the degree of metabolic control of diabetes (fructosamine, HbA1c) and the concentration of the tested catabolites. Methods: This study was carried out on 33 children aged 12.26 ± 4.49 with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes during their first hospitalization. The concentration of uridine and hypoxanthine was determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: The results showed significantly elevated levels of hypoxanthine and uridine in the blood. We further show that blood uridine level is associated with purine metabolism and hyperglycaemia, and we demonstrate a significant positive correlation between the concentration of uridine and (i) the percentage of HbA1c and (ii) fructosamine levels, which indicate the role of hyperglycaemia in the pathogenesis of pyrimidine nucleotide metabolism in type 1 diabetes prior to diagnosis. Conclusion: The results confirm the existence of a relationship between the degree of metabolic control of diabetes and pyrimidine metabolism. Presumably, the analysis of uridine could be used as an adjunct marker of the severity of diabetic complications in newly diagnosed patients.