LTF基因在胃癌细胞株BGC823中的表达及其与启动子甲基化的相关性

目的：检测Lactotransferrin（LTF）基因在胃癌细胞株BGC823内的甲基化和表达情况,探讨LTF的DNA启动子区甲基化异常与其在胃癌内表达的相关性。方法：用亚硫酸氢盐测序PCR方法（BSP）检测BGC823启动子区甲基化状态,使用real-timePCR和Westernblot法分别检测LTF基因在BGC823内的mRNA和蛋白表达水平。同时使用去甲基化剂5-aza-CdR处理胃癌细胞株,观察给药前后的DNA甲基化状态和mRNA表达情况。结果：BGC823启动子甲基化率达53.6%,使用5-aza-CdR后,药物处理的两组（药物浓度2μmol/L组和药物浓度10μmol/L组）和对照组甲基化率差异和LTF的mRNA表达差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,并且随着BGC823启动子甲基化程度的下降,其mRNA和蛋白表达增加。而药物处理组间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：LTF基因在胃癌细胞株BGC823内表现为较高甲基化状态,而且LTF的表达和其启动子区甲基化情况相关,使用去甲基化剂能逆转DNA的甲基化情况从而使其mRNA重新表达。     

3种胃癌细胞株中GSTP1基因表达及其启动子区甲基化状态的研究

目的研究候选基因GSTP1在胃癌细胞株中的表达及其启动子区的甲基化状态,初步探讨胃癌细胞株GSTP1基因表达水平与其启动子区甲基化的相关性。方法采用RT-PCR和Western blot技术分别检测GSTP1在人胃癌细胞株MGC803、BGC823和SGC7901中的mRNA和蛋白表达水平。甲基化特异性PCR(MSP)法检测启动子区域甲基化状态。分别用不同浓度的去甲基化药物5-氮杂胞苷处理GSTP1基因启动子区高甲基化状态细胞后,再检测GSTP1基因蛋白表达水平。结果人胃癌细胞株BGC823和SGC7901中GSTP1 mRNA和蛋白呈阳性表达,MGC803中mRNA和蛋白呈阴性表达;BGC823和SGC7901细胞GSTP1基因启动子区域未发生甲基化,而MGC803细胞启动子区呈高甲基化状态;经5-氮杂胞苷药物干预后,MGC803细胞的GSTP1蛋白表达明显增强。结论胃癌MGC803细胞株中GSTP1基因表达沉默与启动子区高甲基化状态有关。     

人胃癌细胞株CDX2基因表达与其启动子区甲基化的关系

目的:探讨人胃癌细胞株CDX2基因表达与其启动子区甲基化的关系.方法:不同浓度5-aza-CdR处理MKN45细胞株,甲基化特异性PCR(MSP)检测用药前后CDX2启动子甲基化状态;实时荧光定量RT-PCR和Western Blot分别检测CDX2和DNMT1 mRNA和蛋白表达.结果:MKN45细胞株CDX2基因启动子区域高甲基化,CDX2 mRNA表达极低,蛋白不表达;经3种浓度5-aza-CdR处理MKN45细胞72 h后,细胞中CDX2 mRNA和蛋白表达均出现上调,而DNMT1表达出现下调.结论:CDX2基因表达下调与其启动子CpG岛高甲基化有关,DNMT1可能参与该过程的调节.     

基质金属蛋白酶2基因启动子的甲基化状态对子宫内膜癌侵袭力调控的分子机制

目的：探讨DNA甲基化对子宫内膜癌细胞株中基质金属蛋白酶2（matrix metalloproteinases-2, MMP-2）基因表达的调控作用及DNA甲基化酶抑制剂5-氮-2’-脱氧胞苷(5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine, 5-aza-CdR)对子宫内膜癌侵袭能力的作用。方法：选取人子宫内膜癌细胞株Ishikawa和HEC-1A作为研究对象,采用亚硫酸氢盐修饰后的克隆测序法检测5-aza-CdR处理前后MMP-2启动子区CpG位点甲基化状态及其变化。用不同浓度的5-aza-CdR处理Ishikawa和HEC-1A细胞株后,利用实时定量PCR和Matrigel Invasion Transwell方法测定分析其mRNA水平表达和侵袭能力的变化。结果：在Ishikawa和HEC-1A细胞中检测到MMP-2基因启动子区域整体甲基化水平较低,但关键转录调控元件结合部位的CpG位点甲基化频率较高,在HEC-1A细胞中分别为80%和70%,在Ishikawa细胞中分别为60%和40%,5-aza-CdR作用后,其甲基化程度降低,HEC-1A细胞中分别为20%和10%,在Ishikawa细胞中完全去甲基化。不同浓度5-aza-CdR作用72 h后,各组细胞中MMP-2 mRNA表达水平、穿膜细胞数均明显上调,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：MMP-2启动子区特异CpG位点的甲基化状态可能参与其转录水平表达的调控,5-aza-CdR可能通过上调MMP-2 mRNA表达促进子宫内膜癌细胞Ishikawa和HEC-1A的体外侵袭。     

S-腺苷蛋胺酸对VEGF-C表达及胃癌生长的影响

目的 通过观察S-腺苷蛋胺酸（SAM）对胃癌细胞（MGC803、SGC7901细胞株）、裸鼠移植瘤生长的影响,以及对胃癌细胞株血管内皮生长因子-C（VEGF-C）表达及甲基化状态的影响,探讨其抗肿瘤效应及可能机制。方法 体外采用MTT法检测不同浓度SAM（终浓度0.5、1、2、4、8、16 mmol/L）对胃癌细胞增殖的影响;亚硫酸氢盐基因组测序法（BGS）检测SAM对胃癌细胞株VEGF-C基因启动子序列甲基化状态的影响;Western blot检测SAM（2、4 mmol/L）对胃癌细胞VEGF-C蛋白表达的影响。体内建立人胃癌裸鼠移植瘤模型,实验组给予SAM〔192 μmol/（kg·d）、768 μmol/（kg·d）〕腹腔注射,对照组给予等量生理盐水腹腔注射, 1次／d, 15 d后检测肿瘤体积变化。结果 SAM处理MGC803、SGC7901细胞后,随药物浓度增大,细胞增殖受到明显抑制(PVEGF-C基因在MGC803、SGC7901细胞中呈高度去甲基化状态,经SAM处理后其甲基化程度增高,VEGF-C蛋白表达降低。SAM对人胃癌裸鼠移植瘤的生长有明显的抑制作用,移植瘤体积减小,差异有统计学意义(PVEGF-C启动子序列的低甲基化状态,抑制其蛋白表达,抑制胃癌的生长。     

5-杂氮-2′-脱氧胞苷对前列腺癌PC3细胞系生长以及抑癌基因GSTP1、RASSF1A转录的影响

目的:观察DNA去甲基化药物5-杂氮-2′-脱氧胞苷（5-aza-CdR）对前列腺癌细胞株PC3抑癌基因GSTP1和RASSF1A 转录改变以及细胞增殖活性的影响。方法:用不同浓度5-aza-CdR(2、5、10 μmol/L)处理前列腺癌细胞株PC3,利用甲基化特异性PCR（MSP）法检测用药前PC3细胞株GSTP1、RASSF1A启动子甲基化状态;采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR法检测用药过程中GSTP1和RASSF1A mRNA转录改变;用MTT法和流式细胞术检测用药前后PC3肿瘤细胞增殖活性改变。结果: GSTP1、RASSF1A启动子区域出现甲基化现象。与对照组相比,药物组培养24 h后 GSTP1和RASSF1A mRNA表达未发生明显改变;培养48 h后5、10 μmol/L药物组GSTP1和RASSF1A mRNA表达出现上调;72 h后各浓度药物组均检测出两基因mRNA表达升高(P<0.05)。药物组培养24和48 h未出现明显的细胞增殖抑制现象和细胞周期改变;培养72 h后,药物组细胞增殖抑制显著(P<0.05),细胞周期改变明显(P<0.05),阻滞于G0/G1期。结论:GSTP1和RASSF1A基因在PC3前列腺癌细胞系中的失表达可能与其启动子CpG岛高甲基化有关;5-aza-CdR能在一定程度上抑制PC3细胞增殖,干扰细胞周期,提高GSTP1和RASSF1A的转录水平。     

5-杂氮-2'-脱氧胞苷对前列腺癌PC3细胞系生长以及抑癌基因GSTP1、RASSF1A转录的影响

目的:观察DNA去甲基化药物5-杂氮-2'-脱氧胞苷(5-aza-CdR)对前列腺癌细胞株PC3抑癌基因GSTP1和RASSF1A 转录改变以及细胞增殖活性的影响.方法:用不同浓度5-aza-CdR(2、5、10 μmol/L)处理前列腺癌细胞株PC3,利用甲基化特异性PCR(MSP)法检测用药前PC3细胞株GSTP1、RASSF1A启动子甲基化状态;采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR法检测用药过程中GSTP1和RASSF1A mRNA转录改变;用MTT法和流式细胞术检测用药前后PC3肿瘤细胞增殖活性改变.结果: GSTP1、RASSF1A启动子区域出现甲基化现象.与对照组相比,药物组培养24 h后 GSTP1和RASSF1A mRNA表达未发生明显改变;培养48 h后5、10 μmol/L药物组GSTP1和RASSF1A mRNA表达出现上调;72 h后各浓度药物组均检测出两基因mRNA表达升高(P<0.05).药物组培养24和48 h未出现明显的细胞增殖抑制现象和细胞周期改变;培养72 h后,药物组细胞增殖抑制显著(P<0.05),细胞周期改变明显(P<0.05),阻滞于G0/G1期.结论:GSTP1和RASSF1A基因在PC3前列腺癌细胞系中的失表达可能与其启动子CpG岛高甲基化有关;5-aza-CdR能在一定程度上抑制PC3细胞增殖,干扰细胞周期,提高GSTP1和RASSF1A的转录水平.     

STAT3真核表达质粒的构建及对胃癌细胞增殖的影响

目的 构建人信号转导和转录激活因子3（STAT3）真核表达载体,研究STAT3基因对人胃癌细胞株MGC803的影响。方法 构建pcDNA3-STAT3真核表达质粒,经脂质体介导转染胃癌细胞株MGC803。RT-PCR和Western blotting检测转染后STAT3、P-STAT3(Y705)、P-STAT3(S727)、Survivin 和 PCNA在MGC803细胞中mRNA和蛋白水平的表达,CCK-8法检测pcDNA3-STAT3对细胞MGC803的影响。结果 测序及酶切鉴定证实,真核表达质粒pcDNA3-STAT3构建成功。Western blotting和RT-PCR实验结果证实,与转染空载体组相比,转染重组质粒组STAT3、P-STAT3(Y705)、P-STAT3(S727)、Survivin 和 PCNA在蛋白水平和mRNA水平的表达均明显升高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。CCK-8实验结果显示,与转染空载体组相比,转染重组质粒组人胃癌细胞株MGC803增殖能力明显升高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 真核表达质粒pcDNA3-STAT3可以提高STAT3基因在人胃癌细胞株MGC803中的表达,并且增强胃癌细胞的增殖能力。     

Promoter methylation of Wilms’ tumor gene on the Xchromosome in gastric cancer

目的探讨抑癌基因WTX启动子区域甲基化水平及其在胃癌中的作用。方法运用MassARRAY定量分析系统分析20例
胃癌及配对正常组织和3种胃癌细胞株（MGC803、SCG7901和BGC823）中WTX基因启动子区域甲基化水平。应用5-杂氮-2’-
脱氧胞苷(5-aza-dC）对胃癌细胞BGC823进行去甲基化处理,分析其对WTX基因启动子区域甲基化水平的影响。结果在胃癌
及其配对正常组织和胃癌细胞株中,WTX基因启动子区域甲基化水平普遍较低,并且3组之间无统计学差异。用5-aza-dC处理后
并不能改变胃癌细胞株中WTX基因启动子区域的甲基化水平。结论胃癌中基本不存在WTX基因启动子区域高甲基化状态。     

胃癌中IRX1的表达与启动子区甲基化的相关性

目的 探讨胃癌中同源盒基因IRX1的表达与启动子区甲基化修饰之间的关系.方法 生物信息学软件分析IRX1基因启动子区;RT-PCR检测胃癌细胞株及手术切除胃癌组织IRX1基因mRNA表达水平;MSP及BSP法检测启动子区甲基化状态;检测去甲基化试剂5-杂氮-2'-脱氧胞苷的干预对胃癌细胞IRX1基因表达的逆转效应.结果 经生物信息学预测IRX1基因转录起始点上游启动子区富含CpG岛;胃癌细胞株及胃癌组织IRX1基因表达有不同程度下调;MSP及BSP检测显示所有胃癌细胞株启动子区呈高甲基化状态;经5-Aza-CdR处理的细胞株IRX1基因的表达有不同程度上调.结论 胃癌中IRX1基因的表达下调与启动子区甲基化修饰有一定关系,为探讨IRX1基因作为去甲基化治疗靶点的可能性提供了实验数据.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.