骨密度和25羟维生素D在骨质疏松性髋部骨折的作用

目的 在股骨颈骨密度达到骨质疏松阈值的情况下,比较髋部骨折与无髋部骨折患者的年龄、骨密度和25羟维生素 D,了解这些因素对髋部骨折的影响。方法 对137例骨密度达到骨质疏松阈值的绝经后女性患者进行研究,无髋部骨折组 62例,髋部骨折组75例,检测股骨颈骨密度和血清25羟维生素D,比较二组年龄、股骨颈骨密度和25羟维生素D水平。结果 无髋部骨折组：年龄：（67. 92 ±8. 52)岁,股骨颈骨密度：（0. 5064 ±0. 0706)g/cm2,T 值：-3. 10 ±0. 60,25OHD： (24. 90 ± 8. 98)ng/ml。髋部骨折组：年龄：（78. 49 ± 8. 52)岁,股骨颈骨密度：（0. 4506 ± 0. 0983 ) g/cm2,T 值：-3. 51 ± 1. 18, 25OHD： (l4.89±8.94)ng/ml。结论 在股骨颈骨密度达到骨质疏松阈值的情况下,髋部骨折患者具有更高年龄,更低骨密度和25羟 维生素D。     

绝经后女性骨质疏松合并骨折血清25羟维生素D水平研究

目的 探讨绝经后女性骨质疏松合并骨折血清25羟维生素D的水平.方法 选择2010年1月-2013年5月在解放军第309医院骨内科住院的86例患者,包括绝经后骨质疏松合并骨折患者42例,年龄(70.38±6.11)岁,不伴骨折绝经后骨质疏松患者44例,年龄(67.32±8.93)岁.采用美国Norland双光能X线骨密度检测仪对所有患者进行腰椎L2-L4和左侧股骨近端(包括Neck、Troch、Ward''s三角区)骨密度测量,并测定身高、体重、血谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、肌酐(CRE)、尿素氮(BUN).采用酶联免疫吸附法测定两组患者血清25羟维生素D,比较两组25羟维生素D水平.结果 绝经后骨质疏松合并骨折组患者血清25羟维生素D(12.40±3.7) ng/ml,较绝经后非骨折骨质疏松患者(16.23 ±4.6)ng/ml低,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);绝经后骨质疏松合并骨折组患者ALT(18.22±8.17) IU/L、AST(20.70±12.67) IU/L、CRE(56.76±11.81)umol/L、BUN(5.20±1.40) mmol/L与骨质疏松组ALT(21.32±12.16)IU/L、AST(22.16±8.36) IU/L、CRE(57.29±13.42) umol/L、BUN(5.2±1.8) mmol/L相比,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);绝经后骨质疏松合并骨折患者L2-4、Neck、Troch、Ward''s三角区的骨密度分别为(0.75 ±0.19) g/cm2、(0.61 ±0.18)g/cm2、(0.50±0.12) g/cm2、(0.40±0.14)g/cm2与对照组(0.81 ±0.33) g/cm2、(0.67 ±0.11)g/cm2、(0.52±0.10) g/cm2、(0.45±0.1)g/cm2相比较,差异没有统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 绝经后骨质疏松合并骨折患者较未合并骨折骨质疏松维生素D缺乏更严重.     

老年男性骨质疏松性骨折患者血清25羟维生素D 水平研究

目的探讨老年男性性骨质疏松合并骨折血清25羟维生素D的水平。方法选择2011年3月至2013年5月我科住 院的78例患者,包括老年男性骨质疏松性骨折患者38例,年龄76. 78 ±6.47岁,不伴骨折老年男性骨质疏松患者40例,年龄 73. 74 ±5. 09岁。采用美国Norland双光能X线骨密度检测仪对所有患者进行腰椎L244和左侧股骨近端(包括Neck、Troch、 Ward三角区）骨密度测量,并测定身高、体重、血谷丙转氨酶（ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、肌酐(CRE)、尿素氮（BUN)。采用酶 联免疫吸附法测定两组患者血清25羟维生素D,比较两组25羟维生素D水平。结果老年男性骨质疏松性骨折组患者血清 25羟维生素D3(16. 11 ±4.46)ng/ml,较老年男性非骨折骨质疏松患者（18. 73 ±6.47) ng/ml低,差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.05);老年骨质疏松性骨折组患者 ALT(18. 87 ±6. 83) IU/L、AST(20. 75 ±6. 15) IU/L、CRE (70. 92 ± 12. 25 ) umol/L、BUN (5. 75 ± 1. 4 ) mmol/L 与骨质疏松组 ALT( 19. 17 士 10. 24) IU/L、AST( 18. 50 ±4. 56) IU/L、CRE (82. 22 ± 8. 7) umol/L、BUN (6. 2 ± 1. 02) mmol/L相比,差异无统计学意义(P > 0. 05 );老年骨质疏松性骨折患者L24、Neck、Troch、ward ’ s三角区的骨密度分 别为（0.81 ±0.21) g/cm2、（0. 68 ±0.15) g/cm2、（0. 74 ± 0. 63) g/m2、（0. 52 ± 0.15) gLm2 与对照组（0.95 ±0.20) g/cm2、 (0.67±0. 09)g/cm2、（0. 63 ±0. 85)g/cm2、（0.54±0.17)g/cm2 相比较,差异没有统计学意义（P > 0. 05)。结论老年男性骨 质疏松合并骨折患者较未合并骨折骨质疏松患者维生素D缺乏更严重。     

老年患者25( OH) D、PTH与骨折的相关分析

目的了解骨科老年患者25-羟基维生素D(25(OH)D)、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)水平及与骨折的相关性。方法2011.8~2014.12我院骨科老年患者428名,72.47±6.19岁,其中骨折192名。测定血清25(OH)D和PTH,腰椎(L1-4)、全髋、股骨颈骨密度。比较骨折与非骨折组25(OH)D,PTH及骨密度的差异;分析25(OH)D、PTH各组骨折和骨密度的差异;分析25(OH)D和PTH、骨密度的相关性;用相对工作特征曲线(relative operating characteristic,ROC curve)分析25(OH)D对骨折的预测价值。结果骨折组与非骨折组相比,25(OH)D水平及全髋和股骨颈骨密度偏低。不同25(OH)D水平组骨折发生的差异具有统计学意义,维生素D严重缺乏组、缺乏组骨折发生率较高。维生素D严重缺乏组、缺乏组、不足组的骨密度偏低,PTH增高组骨密度也偏低。25(OH)D与PTH、腰椎(L1-4)、全髋、股骨颈BMD存在相关性。ROC曲线下面积为0.529,不能以25(OH)D的水平预测骨折。结论骨科老年患者存在严重的维生素D缺乏,维生素D缺乏者骨折发生率明显增高,对其应从补充维生素D、预防跌倒、提高骨质量等多方面进行综合干预。     

双膦酸盐对癫痫病人骨质疏松及骨折风险保护作用研究

目的 观察双膦酸盐对癫痫病人骨质疏松及骨折风险的保护作用.方法 选择2015年6月至2016年6月于我院神经内科、神经外科就诊的癫痫病人112例,采用随机数字表法将病人分为两组:双膦酸盐组55例,给予口服阿仑膦酸钠+碳酸钙/维生素D3,对照组57例,仅给予碳酸钙/维生素D3.测量治疗前后两组病人血清25-羟基维生素D水平、腰椎及股骨上段骨密度值,并统计骨折情况进行保护效应分析.结果 随访1年,双膦酸盐组的血清25-羟基维生素D水平、股骨上段骨密度值分别为(27.94±7.97)μg/L、(0.95±0.12)g/cm2,对照组分别为(27.84±7.45)μg/L、(0.91±0.11)g/cm2,差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);双膦酸盐组及对照组腰椎骨密度值分别为(1.16±0.12)g/cm2、(1.06±0.13)g/cm2,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);对照组病人发生骨折6例(10.53％),双膦酸盐组中无病人发生骨折,两组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组病人的不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 双膦酸盐能够安全有效地改善癫痫病人骨质疏松状态,并且可以预防癫痫病人骨折的发生.     

中老年骨量异常人群血清骨代谢生化指标与FRAX骨折风险相关性分析

目的研究中老年骨量减少或骨质疏松人群的血清骨代谢生化指标,探讨血清骨代谢生化标志物对受试者骨折风险的影响。方法研究84例中老年骨量减少或骨质疏松受试者资料,记录相关人口统计学数据,检测受试者骨密度和血清骨代谢生化指标,使用骨折风险评估工具(FRAX)计算个体10年骨折发生的概率。根据FRAX计算结果,将受试者分为骨质疏松骨折高风险组和低风险组,t检验比较二组年龄、性别、体质量指数、骨质疏松比例、股骨颈、髋部和腰椎的骨密度以及血清骨代谢生化指标的差异; Pearson或Spearman相关分析了解各临床指标与FRAX骨折概率的相关性; Logistic回归分析影响FRAX骨折风险的因素。结果骨折高风险组的年龄、骨质疏松患者比例明显高于低风险组,股骨颈和髋部骨密度以及血清25-羟基维生素D_3[25-Hydroxyvitamin D_3,25(OH) D_3]水平明显低于低风险组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其中高风险组和低风险组25(OH) D_3水平的中位数和(最小值～最大值)分别为20.61(12.19～43.24)和29.97 (11.91～72.70);年龄与两个骨折概率均呈正相关(P0.05),股骨颈和髋部骨密度以及血清25(OH) D_3水平与两个骨折概率均呈负相关(P0.05),其中25(OH) D_3水平与两个骨折概率的相关系数r值均为-0.51; Logistic回归分析显示,股骨颈骨密度和血清25(OH) D_3是FRAX骨折风险的重要相关因素。结论血清25(OH) D_3可能是预测中老年骨量减少或骨质疏松人群脆性骨折风险较敏感的骨代谢标志物。     

贵阳城区男性血清25( OH) D水平与血清PTH及骨密度的相关性研究

目的了解贵阳城区男性血清25(OH)D水平与血清PTH、骨密度之间关系的阈值。方法用整群抽样的方法横断面调查贵阳城区20~79岁(46.2±14.9岁)健康男性居民634名。研究对象均问卷调查健康状况,测定血钙、血磷、血肌酐、血清25(OH)D水平和血清PTH浓度(美国DiaSorin放射免疫试剂盒),测定非优势(左)股骨近端股骨颈(neck)、全髋部(hip)及腰椎前后位(L1-L4)的骨密度(BMD)值(美国GE公司Lunar Prodigy双能x线骨密度仪)。结果1.资料较齐全的571名受试者中,维生素D营养状况正常[25(OH)D≥30.0 ng/ml]仅为103名(18.0%),维生素D营养状况异常者[25(OH)D30.0ng/ml]高达82%;2.血清25(OH)D水平与血清PTH浓度呈负相关,当25(OH)D水平低于20 ng/ml时,PTH开始升高;3.青中年男性骨密度值随血清25(OH)D水平在20 ng/ml以上明显升高,老年男性血清25(OH)D水平在10 ng/ml各部位骨密度增高,但达到20 ng/ml后,骨密度增长缓慢。结论贵阳市城区男性低血清25(OH)D水平较常见,血清25(OH)D水平低于20 ng/ml可能会导致甲状旁腺激素水平升高,维生素D营养状况对不同年龄段男性骨密度部位影响可能不同。     

二磷酸盐对癫痫病人骨质疏松及骨折风险保护作用研究

目的 观察二磷酸盐对癫痫病人骨质疏松及骨折风险保护作用。方法 根据纳入及排出标准筛选于2015年6月－2016年6月于华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院神经内科、神经外科就诊的癫痫病人112例,采用随机分配将病人分为治疗组55例,对照组57例。治疗组给予口服阿仑膦酸钠70mg,qw.,同时给予碳酸钙D3片口服。对照组仅给予碳酸钙片D3片。通过测量治疗前后两组病人血清25-羟维生素D水平、腰椎及股骨上段骨密度值,并统计骨折情况进行保护效应分析。结果 随访1年,血清25羟维生素D水平、股骨上段总骨密度值分别为在治疗组和对照组分别为(27.94±7.97)ng/ml vs.(27.84±7.45)ng/ml、(0.95±0.12)g/cm₂ vs.(0.91±0.11)g/cm₂,其差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗组及对照组腰椎总骨密度值分别为(1.16±0.12)g/cm₂与(1.06±0.13)g/cm₂,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。对照组病人发生骨折6例(10.53%),治疗组中无病人发生骨折,两组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组病人的不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 二磷双盐能够安全有效地改善癫痫病人骨质疏松状态,并且可以预防癫痫病人骨折的发生。     

山西地区2012年至2013年我院就诊人群血清维生素D水平状况调查

目的 探讨目前山西地区不同季节人群的维生素D状况。方法 通过对2012 年6 月至2013年7月山西医科大学第二医院就诊的1313例患者血清25 羟维生素D [ 25（OH）D] 和甲状旁腺激素（PTH）水平,应用电化学发光免疫法测定血清25-羟维生素D[25（OH）D]、甲状旁腺激素（PTH）,按不同季节、性别进行分析。结果 ①所有检测人员的血清25(OH)D平均水平: 男性（11.38±6.29）ng/mL,女性（9.04±5.71）ng/mL。按照IOF维生素D水平判定标准:严重缺乏者占62.2%;维生素D缺乏者占28.46%;维生素D不足者占6.1%;维生素D充足者占3.25%。②血清25(OH)D水平与季节有显著相关性（r=0.228,P<0.05）;③血清25(OH)D与PTH 呈负相关（r=-0.272,P<0.05）。结论 受各种因素影响,目前山西地区成年人群中存在严重的维生素D不足和缺乏状况,应受到广泛的关注并改善现状,降低维生素D相关疾病的发病率。     

女性骨质疏松性髋部骨折的骨密度和髋部结构强度变化

目的观察女性骨质疏松性髋部骨折的骨密度和髋部结构强度变化。方法对95例骨质疏松性髋部骨折女性患者进 行双能X线骨密度检测和髋关节结构分析,年龄：76. 60 ±9. 36岁,体重指数：20. 88 ±3. 72 kg/m2 ;将63例年龄>50岁骨密度 正常的女性作为对照组。对照组女性年龄57. 24 ±5. 65岁,体重指数：26. 56 ±4. 82 kg/m2,比较二组股骨颈骨密度和结构强 度参数(包括骨横截面积、皮质厚度和屈曲应力比）。结果髋部骨折患者的股骨颈骨密度、股骨颈和转子间的骨横截面积和 皮质厚度均非常显著低于对照组;屈曲应力比非常显著高于对照组,87. 4%髋部骨折患者的股骨颈和转子间屈曲应力比均> 10;而84. 1%正常骨密度组患者的股骨颈和转子间屈曲应力比均< 10。结论髋部骨折患者的股骨颈骨密度及髋关节结构 强度均发生非常显著改变,骨强度降低,HSA提供的结构强度参数有助于预测髋部骨折风险。     

Prevalence and seasonal variation of hypovitaminosis D and its relationship to bone metabolism in healthy Hungarian men over 50 years of age: the HunMen Study

Summary

This study reports a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and low bone mineral density (BMD) in a healthy Hungarian male cohort over 50 years of age. Men with 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels of <75 nmol/L had a significantly higher 10-year hip and major osteoporotic fracture probability using the country-specific fracture risk assessment (FRAX) algorithm.

Introduction

The aim of this study is to characterize the prevalence and seasonal variation of hypovitaminosis D and its relationship to bone metabolism in healthy Hungarian men over 50 years of age.

Methods

We determined levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D), PTH, osteocalcin (OC), C-terminal telopeptides of type-I collagen (CTX-I), procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (PINP), BMD at L1–L4 (LS) and femur neck (FN), daily dietary calcium intake, and the 10-year probability of hip fracture and a major osteoporotic fracture using the country-specific FRAX algorithm in 206 randomly selected ambulatory men.

Results

The mean (range) age of the volunteers was 60 (51–81) years. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D (25-OH-D, <75 nmol/L) was 52.9%. The prevalence of low (T-score?<??1.0) BMD at the FN and LS was 45% and 35.4%, respectively. The mean (range) FRAX hip fracture and FRAX major osteoporotic fracture was 0.8% (0–9.4%) and 3.8% (1.7–16%), respectively. On comparing the vitamin D sufficient to the insufficient group, there was a statistically significant difference between the FRAX hip fracture and FRAX major osteoporotic fracture indexes. There was significant seasonal variation in the vitamin D levels; the lowest levels were measured in winter and the highest in summer.

Conclusions

A high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and low BMD were observed in the studied Hungarian male population. This is the first study reporting higher 10-year hip and major osteoporotic fracture probability using the country-specific FRAX algorithm in individuals with hypovitaminosis D.     

Performance of FRAX in Women with Breast Cancer Initiating Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy: A Registry-Based Cohort Study

FRAX was developed to predict 10-year probability of major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) and hip fracture in the general population. Aromatase inhibitors (AI) used in breast cancer induce loss in bone mineral density (BMD) and are reported to increase fracture risk. AI exposure is not a direct input to FRAX but is captured under “secondary osteoporosis”. To inform use of FRAX in women treated with AI, we used a population-based registry for the Province of Manitoba, Canada, to identify women aged ≥40 years initiating AI for breast cancer with at least 12 months’ AI exposure (n = 1775), women with breast cancer not receiving AI (n = 1016), and women from the general population (n = 34,205). Among AI users, fracture probability estimated without BMD (AI use coded as secondary osteoporosis) significantly overestimated risk (10-year observed/predicted ratio 0.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.45–0.68; 10-year hip fracture observed/predicted ratio 0.33, 95% CI 0.18–0.49). However, when BMD was included in the fracture probability, there was no significant difference between observed and predicted fracture risk. In Cox proportional hazards models, FRAX stratified risk of MOF, hip, and any fracture equally well in all subgroups (p-interaction >0.1). When adjusted for FRAX score without BMD, with AI use coded as secondary osteoporosis, AI users were at significantly lower risk for MOF (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.78, 95% CI 0.64–0.95), hip fracture (HR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.29–0.73) and any fracture (HR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.63–0.89). AI use was no longer significantly associated with fractures when AI use was not entered as secondary osteoporosis in FRAX without BMD or when BMD was included in the FRAX calculation. In conclusion, FRAX scores stratify fracture risk equally well in women receiving AI therapy as in non-users, but including secondary osteoporosis as a risk factor for AI users overestimates fracture risk. Our results call this practice into question. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.     

Validation of FRAX without BMD: An age-related analysis of the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-1, 2010)

Although the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) is widely used to evaluate probabilities of fractures, there is no consensus regarding whether it is accurate when bone mineral density (BMD) is not included. This cross-sectional study aimed to compare the 10-year predicted fracture probabilities calculated using FRAX with and without BMD. Data were collected from the 2010 Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, and 2706 participants (1260 men and 1446 women) aged 50–90 years were analyzed. Ten-year predicted probabilities for major osteoporotic and hip fractures were calculated using the FRAX model. In men, the 10-year probabilities without BMD were 3.9 ± 1.8% and 1.3 ± 1.4% for major osteoporotic and hip fractures, respectively. In women, the 10-year probabilities without BMD were 7.7 ± 4.4% and 2.6 ± 2.9% for major osteoporotic and hip fractures, respectively. These probabilities were significantly correlated with the probabilities calculated using FRAX with BMD (all, p < 0.001). When participants were divided into 10-year age groups and compared with the 10-year predicted fracture probability with BMD, the 10-year predicted fracture probability without BMD was lower in men 50–59 years old, similar to men 60–69 years old, and higher in men ≥ 70 years old. The FRAX scores without BMD were generally lower for all women. The FRAX model without BMD appears to be a slightly lower fracture probability compared to that calculated with BMD, especially in younger participants. Although these results have important clinical implications for areas with limited ability to evaluate BMD, they must be confirmed by a large prospective study.     

Remaining lifetime and absolute 10-year probabilities of osteoporotic fracture in Swiss men and women

Summary

Remaining lifetime and absolute 10-year probabilities for osteoporotic fractures were determined by gender, age, and BMD values. Remaining lifetime probability at age 50 years was 20.2% in men and 51.3% in women and increased with advancing age and decreasing BMD. The study validates the elements required to populate a Swiss-specific FRAX® model.

Introduction

Switzerland belongs to high-risk countries for osteoporosis. Based on demographic projections, burden will still increase. We assessed remaining lifetime and absolute 10-year probabilities for osteoporotic fractures by gender, age and BMD in order to populate FRAX® algorithm for Switzerland.

Methods

Osteoporotic fracture incidence was determined from national epidemiological data for hospitalised fractured patients from the Swiss Federal Office of Statistics in 2000 and results of a prospective Swiss cohort with almost 5,000 fractured patients in 2006. Validated BMD-associated fracture risk was used together with national death incidence and risk tables to determine remaining lifetime and absolute 10-year fracture probabilities for hip and major osteoporotic (hip, spine, distal radius, proximal humerus) fractures.

Results

Major osteoporotic fractures incidence was 773 and 2,078 per 100,000 men and women aged 50 and older. Corresponding remaining lifetime probabilities at age 50 were 20.2% and 51.3%. Hospitalisation for clinical spine, distal radius, and proximal humerus fractures reached 25%, 30% and 50%, respectively. Absolute 10-year probability of osteoporotic fracture increased with advancing age and decreasing BMD and was higher in women than in men.

Conclusion

This study validates the elements required to populate a Swiss-specific FRAX® model, a country at highest risk for osteoporotic fractures.     

High fracture probability with FRAX® usually indicates densitometric osteoporosis: implications for clinical practice

Summary

Most patients designated as high risk of fracture using fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX^®) with femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) (i.e., 10-year major osteoporotic fracture probability exceeding 20% or hip fracture exceeding 3%) have one or more T-scores in the osteoporotic range; conversely, almost no high risk patients have normal T-scores at all bone mineral density measurement sites.

Introduction

We determined the agreement between a FRAX^® designation of high risk of fracture [defined as 10-year major osteoporotic fracture probability (≥20%) or hip fracture probability (≥3%)] and the WHO categorizations of bone mineral density according to T-score.

Methods

Ten-year FRAX^® probabilities calculated with femoral neck BMD were derived using both Canadian and US white tools for a large clinical cohort of 36,730 women and 2,873 men age 50 years and older from Manitoba, Canada. Individuals were classified according to FRAX fracture probability and BMD T-scores alone.

Results

Most individuals designated by FRAX as high risk of major osteoporotic fracture had a T-score in the osteoporotic range at one or more BMD measurement sites (85% with Canadian tool and 83% with US white tool). The majority of individuals deemed at high risk of hip fracture had one or more T-scores in the osteoporotic range (66% with Canadian tool and 64% with US white tool). Conversely, there were extremely few individuals (<1%) who were at high risk of major osteoporotic or hip fracture with normal T-scores at all BMD measurement sites.

Conclusions

A FRAX designation of high risk of fracture is usually associated with a densitometric diagnosis of osteoporosis.     

Lifestyle and Biologic Contributors to Proximal Femur Bone Mineral Density and Hip Axis Length in Two Distinct Ethnic Groups of Premenopausal Women

Although relatively little is known about osteoporotic risk factors in women from the Indian subcontinent, osteoporotic fractures usually occur 10–20 years earlier in Indian men and women compared with their western Caucasian counterparts. The primary purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine the relative contributions of ethnicity, reproductive history, body size (height, weight) and composition, bone turnover, serum 25(OH)vitamin D₃ [25(OH)D₃], dietary intake (of calcium, fiber and alcohol) and energy expenditure to femoral bone mineral density (BMD) in Indian and Pakistani (Indian/Pakistani; n= 47) versus American (n= 47) Caucasians. We also contrasted femoral BMD and hip axis length in these two distinct groups of premenopausal females living in the USA. The Indian/Pakistani (0.875 ± 0.096) women had lower (p= 0.0014) femoral BMD (g/cm²) than their American (0.937 ± 0.088) counterparts, placing them at greater osteoporotic risk. However, the shorter (p= 0.0002) hip axis length (cm) of the Indian/Pakistani (10.54 ± 0.57) versus American (11.11 ± 0.78) Caucasians might attenuate hip fracture risk in the former group. Significant contributors to proximal femur BMD were maximum non-pregnant lifetime weight, age at menarche, ratio of ∑central-to-peripheral skinfold thicknesses, calcium intake from milk and usual alcohol intake. Although serum 25(OH)D₃ and urinary N-telopeptide concentrations did not contribute to femoral BMD in the regression models, the lower (p<0.0001) serum 25(OH)D₃ (33.1 ± 16.5 vs 64.0 ± 22.0 nmol/l) and higher (p= 0.0004) urinary N-telopeptide (45.9 ± 43.3 vs 18.9 ± 18.7 nmol BCE/mmol) values in Indian/Pakistani versus American Caucasians, respectively, coupled with their lower BMD, places the Indian/Pakistani women at greater osteoporotic risk. These results suggest that a clinical trial to increase BMD and reduce osteoporotic risk is warranted in this ethnic group of premenopausal women. Received: 29 April 1998 / Accepted: 12 August 1998     

Does osteoporosis therapy invalidate FRAX for fracture prediction?

Ten-year fracture risk assessment with the fracture risk assessment system (FRAX) is increasingly used to guide treatment decisions. Osteoporosis pharmacotherapy reduces fracture risk, but the effect is greater than can be explained from the increase in bone mineral density (BMD). Whether this invalidates fracture predictions with FRAX is uncertain. A total of 35,764 women (age ≥50 years) and baseline BMD testing (1996–2007) had FRAX probabilities retroactively calculated. A provincial pharmacy database was used to identify osteoporosis medication use. Women were categorized as untreated, current high adherence users [medication possession ratio (MPR) ≥0.80 in the year after BMD testing], current low adherence users (MPR <0.80), and past users. Fractures outcomes to 10 years were established form a population-based health data repository. FRAX and femoral neck BMD alone stratified major osteoporotic and hip fracture risk within untreated and each treated subgroup (all p-values <0.001) with similar area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. In untreated and each treated subgroup, a stepwise gradient in observed 10-year major osteoporotic and hip fracture incidence was found as a function of the predicted probability tertile (all p-values <0.001 for linear trend). Concordance (calibration) plots for major osteoporotic fractures and hip fractures showed good agreement between the predicted and observed 10-year fracture incidence in untreated women and each treated subgroup. Only in the highest risk tertile of women highly adherent to at least 5 years of bisphosphonate use was observed hip fracture risk significantly less than predicted, though major osteoporotic fracture risk was similar to predicted. In summary, this work suggests that the FRAX tool can be used to predict fracture probability in women currently or previously treated for osteoporosis. Although FRAX should not be used to assess the reduction in fracture risk in individuals on treatment, it may still have value for guiding the need for continued treatment or treatment withdrawal     

Ten-year risk of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal Chinese women according to clinical risk factors and BMD T-scores: a prospective study.

Independent risk factors for osteoporotic fracture were identified for a Southern Chinese postmenopausal population. Clinical risk factor assessment with or without BMD measurement was shown to be an effective predictor of 10-yr risk of osteoporotic fracture and provides a more accessible tool for patient evaluation. INTRODUCTION: Asian-specific data on risk factors for osteoporosis remain sparse. However, risk factor assessment, in addition to BMD measurement, is increasingly recognized as a reliable predictor of absolute osteoporotic fracture risk. The purpose of this prospective study was to determine the specific independent risk factors for osteoporotic fracture and to predict the 10-yr risk of osteoporotic fracture in the postmenopausal Southern Chinese population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1435 community-dwelling, postmenopausal, treatment-naive women were recruited. Baseline demographic characteristics and clinical risk factors were obtained, and BMD at the spine and hip was measured. Subjects were followed for outcomes of incident low trauma fracture. Ten-year risk of osteoporotic fracture was predicted from the risk factor assessment and BMD measurement by Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: The mean age of subjects was 63.4 +/- 8.3 yr. After 5.0 +/- 2.3 yr (range, 1.0-11.0 yr) of follow-up, 80 nontraumatic new fractures were reported during follow-up. Eight independent clinical risk factors identified at baseline were found to be significant predictors of osteoporotic fracture, with the most important being use of walking aids (RR, 4.2; 95% CI, 2.7-6.7; p < 0.001) and a history of fall (RR, 4.0; 95% CI, 2.5-6.2; p < 0.001). Other predictive factors included being homebound, calcium intake < 400 mg/d, age > 65 yr, history of fracture, and BMI < 19 kg/cm(2). Subjects with three to eight clinical risk factors had a predicted 10-year risk of osteoporotic fracture of 25%, which increased to 30% if they also had total hip BMD T-score 相似文献   

Hypovitaminosis D in patients with osteoporotic hip fractures

BackgroundInadequate serum vitamin D levels are associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism, increased bone turnover, bone loss and increased fracture risk. Vitamin D is well recognized to be suboptimal in older patients when compared to age-matched controls. There are no published studies on the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in Indian population with fragility fractures around the hip associated with osteoporosis and comminution at the fracture site.AimTo investigate the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in patients admitted with osteoporotic hip fractures and associated fracture site comminution in a South Indian Institute.Material & MethodsA prospective cross sectional study was conducted on 100 patients admitted with osteoporotic hip fracture. Measurement of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D was done and the same was correlated with the degree of osteoporosis using Singh’s index and fracture site comminution.ResultsOut of 100 patients studied, 92% had hypovitaminosis D with mean vitamin D level of 16.08 ± 5.95 ng/dl (65% vitamin D deficiency with mean 13.16 ± 4.24 ng/dl and 27% vitamin D insufficiency with mean 23.11 ± 2.62 ng/dl) and 94% had osteoporosis with Singh’s index grade 3 or less. Out of the 36 patients with fracture site comminution 34 patients (94%) had hypovitaminosis D and 33 patients (91.6%) had osteoporosis. Statistical significance was established for all the variables.ConclusionSignificant association was found between hypovitaminosis D, osteoporosis and fracture site comminution. High prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in patients presenting with hip fractures and fracture site comminution implicates the necessity for proper evaluation and effective supplementation of vitamin D in elderly patients along with anti-osteoporotic regimens for effective prevention and appropriate management of osteoporotic hip fractures.