POT1蛋白在人鼻咽癌细胞系及鼻咽癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨端粒保护蛋白1(protection of telomeres 1,POT1)在人鼻咽癌细胞系及鼻咽癌组织中的表达、细胞定位及临床意义。方法应用Western blot法检测POT1蛋白在人鼻咽癌系、人鼻咽上皮细胞系、鼻咽癌组织、癌旁组织中的表达;应用细胞免疫荧光检测POT1蛋白在鼻咽癌细胞中的定位。结果 POT1蛋白在人鼻咽癌细胞系CNE-1、5-8 F、CNE-2、6-10 B中的表达强度高于在人鼻咽上皮细胞系NP69中的表达强度,分别为2.8、2.3、1.9、1.5倍;POT1蛋白主要定位于细胞质;鼻咽癌组织中POT1蛋白表达量(0.6414±0.0979)明显高于癌旁组织中的表达量(0.4386±0.0912),两组比较有统计学意义(P<0.05);鼻咽癌组织中POT1蛋白表达强度与鼻咽癌的临床分期、T分期有关(P<0.05),但与患者年龄、性别、颈部淋巴结转移无关(P>0.05)。结论 POT1蛋白表达可能与鼻咽癌的发生与发展有关。     

鼻咽癌

鼻咽部恶性肿瘤的发病率较低,据Vaeth氏的回顾性调查,鼻咽癌仅占美国加里佛尼亚大学收治的全部恶性肿瘤患者的2.4％,占头颈部肿瘤的13.3％。而在中国的某些地区,鼻咽癌却为最常见的恶性肿瘤,其发生情况在男、女肿瘤患者中分别占56.9％及17.4％。种族上的差异极为明显。     

鼻咽癌

本文讨论了鼻咽癌临床特征。流行病学，组织病理学，临床表现，诊断，最新TNM分期和治疗方法，经随机试验研究。提出了对Ⅰ，Ⅱ期鼻咽癌行放射治疗，而Ⅲ，Ⅳ期行化疗放疗结合治疗；有远处转移者则实行化疗与姑息治疗。     

鼻咽癌的临床特点及误诊

鼻咽癌在中国的广东、广西、湖南等省的发病率较高,其中广东省最高。由于本病早期临床特征的不显著性和其部位的隐蔽性,故临床上易造成误诊。识别鼻咽癌的早期临床特点对早期治疗和预后非常重要。本院2004年2月～2007年12月鼻咽癌患者13例误诊,现将有关情况报道如下。1临床资料回顾性分析2004年2月～2007年12月被误诊的     

鼻咽癌误诊原因分析及防范措施

鼻咽癌为我国多发肿瘤之一,发病率为耳鼻咽喉科恶性肿瘤之首,对于放化疗较敏感,但随着疾病进展,疗效明显下降。早发现、早治疗是改善鼻咽癌患者预后的重要途径。由于其原发部位深而隐蔽,初期原发病灶小,不易观察,加之周围毗邻关系复杂,又与眼、耳鼻咽喉及颅底相毗邻,易从黏膜下向邻近器官直接浸润或经淋巴转移,临床表现多种多样,无特异性,易误诊;多属于低分化或未分化癌,恶性程度高、发展快、转移早,     

鼻咽癌与前列环素及血栓素关系初探

用放射免疫法分别测定了３４例鼻咽癌、１６例良性瘤、１２例炎症和１６例正常周血浆中前列环素（ＰＧＩ２）和血栓素Ａ２（ＴＸＡ２）的稳定代谢产物６－酮－前列腺素Ｆ１ａ（６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１ａ）和血栓素Ｂ２（ＴＸＢ２）的含量。结果显示鼻咽癌患者血浆ＴＸＢ２含量显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＰＧＩ２含量所增加；ＴＸＢ２／６ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１ａ比值显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０１）。鼻咽癌晚期患 者血浆ＴＸＢ２含量显著高     

鼻咽癌患者及对照组的EBV抗体

鼻咽癌患者与EB病毒有密切关系。其抗体中一种是抗E B V诱导产生的早期抗原复合物扩散成份的抗体〔EA(D)(IgG)〕,另一种是抗EBV壳抗原的抗体〔VCA(IgA)〕。本报告是在美国开展的一项前瞻性研究。共分三组采集血清标本:(1)鼻咽癌组,计151例。〔按世界卫生组织(WHO)的分类法,分为1型,鳞状细胞癌,37例;2型,非角化型癌,18例;3型,未分化型癌,96例。〕(2)病人对照组625例,其中147例头颈部(除鼻咽部外)鳞状细胞癌,71例头颈部其它恶性肿瘤,407例头颈部各种良性疾病患者。(3)健康人对照组278例。全部标本均用间接免疫萤光法做IgG对E A(D)和lgA对     

鼻咽癌研究进展

鼻咽癌有很多分化类型,常见于咽隐窝,位于咽鼓管咽口内侧角的后内侧壁。这种恶性肿瘤在大多数国家发病率较低,不到1/10万人。但在中国南部,非洲北部和阿拉斯加州,其发病率却很高,尤其多见于阿拉斯加州的因纽特人和中国广东人。有报道在香港鼻咽癌的发病率男女各为20～30/10万和15～20/10万。侨居于东南亚和美国北部的中国人发病率仍然维持在较高的水平,但在美国北部出生的中国人发病率明显低于出生在中国南部的人群。这些发现表明基因、人种和环境因素等可能均在鼻咽癌的发病中起到一定作用。1病理学鼻咽癌的恶性上皮细胞大都是大的多角形细…     

鼻咽癌研究进展

鼻咽癌在我国是常见的恶性肿瘤,其病因学、流行病学、病理、临床特征、诊断和治疗策略明显有别于头颈部其他恶性肿瘤。放射治疗是目前治疗鼻咽癌的首选方法。本文就近年来关于鼻咽癌在病因学、流行病学、病理、临床特征、诊断和治疗策略等几个方面的进展做一综述。     

Review of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

We review the literature on nasopharyngeal carcinoma that has been published within the past 5 years. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a highly morbid disease, and survival is poor. Its management remains extremely difficult, not just for otolaryngologists but for radiation oncologists and medical oncologists, as well. A clear understanding of its etiology is still lacking, but nasopharyngeal carcinoma is widely suspected to be the result of both a genetic susceptibility and exposure to environmental factors or Epstein-Barr virus infection. With no clear cause, treatment is controversial. For example, an optimal radiation regimen has not been determined, reports in the literature regarding the role of chemotherapy for advanced disease are conflicting, and treatment of local recurrences is unsettled. Still, advances in immunologic research and chemotherapy offer hope for better control of the disease. We hope that our assessment of the recent literature will provide otolaryngologists with a more clear understanding of the etiology and management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.     

Radiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Plain film radiography and pluridirectional tomography have been displaced by CT and MRI for imaging NPC. The latter techniques are to some extent complementary, since MRI is particularly useful for defining soft-tissue components and CT accurately delineates bone erosion. CT, however, also provides good soft-tissue definition in conjunction with contrast enhancement. Nuclear isotope scanning is valuable in detecting bone metastases. These imaging techniques are of particular value in detecting submucosal tumors not visible clinically and are also essential to accurate tumor staging.     

Diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

The diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma rests on perceptive symptom analysis, a careful clinical examination, and the selection of appropriate clinical investigations. A high index of suspicion is required. When mirror examination fails to provide a satisfactory view of the nasopharynx, flexible or rigid nasopharyngeal endoscopy is mandatory. Serologic examination of IgA antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus early antigen and viral capsid antigen is helpful in identifying high-risk patients. Biopsy material should be sent fresh to the laboratory for analysis so that special staining can be carried out in cases of doubtful diagnosis.     

Gene therapy and nasopharyngeal carcinoma

In 2003, a non-replicating adenoviral gene therapy product received the world`s first government licence for the treatment of head and neck cancer. Two years later approval was granted to a replication-selective adenovirus for the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in combination with chemotherapy. This review introduces the reader to gene therapy as an emerging treatment modality, and outlines its application to the management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by examining recent pre-clinical and clinical research.     

Actinomycosis imitating nasopharyngeal carcinoma

The incidence of nasopharyngeal actinomycosis is exceedingly rare. To our knowledge, only 1 case has been reported previously. This article presents 4 cases of actinomycosis involving the nasopharynx that imitated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Acidic gas exposure and farming of aquatic products are possibly involved in the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal actinomycosis. Patients in the case studies completely recovered after 4 weeks of oral antibiotic treatment. We recommend including actinomycosis in the differential diagnosis of nasopharyngeal neoplasms.     

The aetiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a disease with a remarkable racial and geographical distribution. In most parts of the world it is a rare condition and in only a handful of places does this low risk profile alter. These include the Southern Chinese, Eskimos and other Arctic natives, inhabitants of South-East Asia and also the populations of North Africa and Kuwait.     

鼻咽癌手术治疗进展

常期以来鼻咽癌以放射治疗为主 ,如放疗失败再放疗 ,则其五年生存率很低 ,且患者生存质量也差 ;近年来兴起的手术治疗或放疗后的挽救性手术治疗 ,可在一定程度上提高病人的生存率 ,改善病人生存质量。本文就鼻咽癌手术治疗有关资料进行综述 ,以供同道参考     

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma

NPC is unique among head and neck cancers, in that it is radiocurable and moderately chemosensitive. Modern diagnostic techniques have facilitated tumor definition, with consequent improvement in staging accuracy and radiotherapy planning. Our standard radiotherapy technique incorporates routine prophylactic neck irradiation of early tumors. Special techniques for more advanced tumors are described. Neoadjuvant cis-platinum-containing chemotherapy has proved useful in controlling regional and distant metastatic disease.