保留盆腔自主神经宫颈癌根治术的疗效研究

传统广泛性子宫切除术(RH)联合盆腔淋巴结清扫是早期宫颈癌的标准手术治疗方式,5年生存率可达80%。但RH术式离断盆腔自主神经,造成一系列盆底功能障碍,严重影响患者的术后生活质量。保留盆腔自主神经广泛性子宫切除术(NSRH)成为目前治疗的趋势,其在多方面影响并改变妇科肿瘤医生对宫颈癌的传统治疗理念、手术技巧等。目前较多研究发现NSRH有很大优势,但其局限性使得NSRH术式难以达到或接近理想手术效果,因此NSRH因保留神经而缩小手术切除范围是否影响宫颈癌患者肿瘤学安全性成为争议的热点。     

保留盆腔自主神经对宫颈癌患者术后性生活质量影响的探讨

目的 探讨腹腔镜下保留盆腔自主神经的广泛子宫切除术(laparoscopic nerve sparing radical hysterectomy,LNSRH)对早期宫颈癌患者术后性生活质量的影响。 方法 选取2011年8月至2013年3月因早期子宫颈癌(Ⅰa2～Ⅰb1期)于青岛市市立医院行腹腔镜下广泛子宫切除术的患者,采用随机数字表法将其分为2组,其中LNSRH组29例,行LNSRH+腹腔镜下盆腔淋巴结清扫术（laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy,LPL）,对照组30例,行腹腔镜下广泛子宫切除（laparoscopic radical hysterectomy,LRH）+LPL（LRH组）。术前及术后1年采用女性性功能指标量表(female sexual function index,FSFI)对所有患者进行问卷调查,评价其性生活质量。 结果 术前两组FSFI总评分及各部分得分差异无统计学意义,术后LNSRH组FSFI总评分高于LRH组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。术后各部分评分中性欲望、性唤起、阴道润滑、性高潮、性满意度得分LNSRH组均高于LRH组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;性交痛评分两组之间差异无统计学意义。结论 LNSRH患者较LRH患者术后有较为理想的性生活状态,LNSRH可能对提高早期宫颈癌患者术后性生活质量有效。     

腹腔镜下保留盆腔自主神经的广泛性子宫切除术治疗早期宫颈癌的安全性及疗效的临床研究

目的:评估腹腔镜下保留盆腔自主神经的广泛性子宫切除术(LNSRH)治疗早期宫颈癌的安全性及疗效。方法:回顾性分析行广泛性子宫切除术的宫颈癌患者235例的临床资料,根据手术方式不同,分为LNSRH组116例,普通腹腔镜下广泛性子宫切除术组(LRH组)119例,比较两组的手术参数(包括手术时间、术中出血量、术中及术后并发症、宫旁切除长度、阴道切除长度、淋巴结切除数目),及术后的膀胱功能恢复指标(包括留置尿管天数、术后有无尿频、尿急、尿痛、腹压排尿、尿失禁、尿潴留以及排尿满意率),采用Kaplan-Meier法比较两组术后生存时间分布。结果:两组患者的各项手术参数比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);LNSRH组术后留置尿管天数、膀胱功能障碍发生率、腹压排尿、尿潴留以及排尿满意率明显优于LRH组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);LNSRH组和LRH组术后5年生存率分别为86.4%和89.1%,术后生存时间分布差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:LNSRH治疗早期宫颈癌是安全可靠的,与LRH比较,有较好的膀胱功能保护作用。     

腹腔镜下保留盆腔自主神经的广泛子宫切除术治疗早期宫颈癌临床价值探讨

目的探讨腹腔镜下保留盆腔自主神经的广泛子宫切除术(laparoscopic nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy,LNSRH)治疗早期宫颈癌的临床价值。方法选取2009年8月至2012年12月于青岛市市立医院,因子宫颈癌行腹腔镜下广泛子宫切除术的患者,采用随机数字表法将其分为两组,其中保留神经组(A组)21例,行腹腔镜下盆腔淋巴清扫(laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy,LPL)+保留盆腔自主神经的广泛子宫切除术(LNSRH),对照组(B组)23例,行腹腔镜下盆腔淋巴清扫(LPL)+子宫广泛切除术(laparoscopic radical hysterectomy,LRH)。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、手术范围及术后患者膀胱、直肠功能恢复情况。结果 A组20例成功手术,1例因术中处理子宫深静脉及膀胱静脉分支出血损伤神经组织改行LPL+LRH。4例Ⅱa期患者选择性保留病灶对侧盆腔神经,余成功保留双侧神经。A组手术时间较B组延长[(348.25±19.34)min、(273.04±28.87)min],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),A组肛门排气时间较B组缩短[(38.80±8.33)h、(67.61±8.15)h],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),A组术后10 d拨尿管率较B组高(60.00%、21.74%)。两组术中出血量、切除主韧带、骶韧带宽度及切除阴道壁长度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 LPL+LNSRH作为早期宫颈癌手术治疗方法对改善术后患者尿潴留及肠道功能近期效果良好,远期疗效有待进一步观察。     

宫颈癌手术中保留盆腔神经相关问题

宫颈癌手术中保留神经的术式从提出、实施到改良,经过了70余年的发展。随着术式的普及,学者们对保留神经术式的必要性、可行性、适应证、手术标准、术后疗效评估方法等提出疑问。文章就上述问题结合自身的研究结果进行初步阐述,并针对宫颈癌保留神经手术存在的问题提出改良意见。     

保留盆腔自主神经的广泛性子宫切除术应用于宫颈癌的研究进展

宫颈癌患者的广泛性子宫切除术对宫旁组织及阴道的大范围切除,可导致盆腔自主神经结构的损伤,引起相应器官的功能障碍,以膀胱功能障碍最为突出.近年来多项研究对盆腔自主神经结构进行重新认识,并在此基础上开展了保留盆腔自主神经的广泛性子宫切除术(NSRH).术中通过对盆腔自主神经的精细分离,系统保留其具体结构,但其手术复杂,缺乏...     

早期宫颈癌根治术中保留盆腔自主神经的近期效果研究

目的研究早期宫颈癌根治术中保留盆腔自主神经对直肠功能、膀胱功能和性功能的影响。方法选择2014年6月至2017年6月在安徽省亳州市人民医院妇产科进行诊治的58例早期宫颈癌患者,随机分为两组。对照组施以宫颈癌根治术治疗,研究组则保留盆腔自主神经。比较两组的临床治疗效果。结果研究组的术后住院时间明显短于对照组(P0.05),研究组的手术时间明显长于对照组(P0.05),两组的术中出血量、切除淋巴结数、阴道切除长度以及宫旁组织切除长度相比差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);研究组术后的排便时间和肛门排气时间明显短于对照组(P0.05);研究组术后的膀胱最大容量以及最大尿流率明显高于对照组(P0.05),研究组术后的拔除尿管时间以及残余尿量明显低于对照组(P0.05);研究组术后6个月的性唤起、性欲、阴道润滑程度、性生活满意度、性高潮以及性交疼痛评分均明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论早期宫颈癌根治术中保留盆腔自主神经可以显著缩短术后住院时间,促进宫颈癌患者术后直肠功能和膀胱功能的恢复,最大限度地保留其性功能。     

保留盆腔自主神经广泛性子宫切除术疗效和安全性

保留盆腔自主神经广泛性子宫切除术的目的是在不影响宫颈癌治疗效果的同时,保留支配膀胱、直肠等器官的神经纤维,从而减少相关的术后并发症,改善患者的生活质量。文章阐述保留盆腔自主神经广泛性子宫切除术的疗效和安全性问题。     

腹腔镜下系统保留盆腔自主神经的根治性子宫切除术

在20世纪60年代,日本学者提出在根治性子宫切除术中保留神经尤其是膀胱神经,以避免术后膀胱功能的过度损伤[1-2].     

宫颈癌神经周围浸润的研究进展

神经周围浸润(PNI)与多种肿瘤预后密切相关,是独立不良预后因素之一,在宫颈癌中PNI亦有着重要的临床意义。本文通过对有关PNI的定义、诊断、发生机制及其在宫颈癌中的临床、病理研究进行综述,以期对宫颈癌的浸润、转移有更深入的了解,并对宫颈癌PNI有更为深刻的认识,为优化治疗方案,改善预后提供新的线索。     

A comparison of laparascopic-assisted radical vaginal hysterectomy and radical abdominal hysterectomy in the treatment of cervical cancer

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare peri-operative morbidity and recurrence-free survival of early-stage cervical cancer patients treated by laparoscopic-assisted radical vaginal hysterectomy (LARVH) with time-matched radical abdominal hysterectomy (RAH) controls at our center. METHODS: Since July 1984, all patients with FIGO stage IA/IB cervical cancer undergoing radical surgery by members of our division have been entered into a prospective database. Since November 1996, one surgeon at our center has performed LARVH on all surgically appropriate patients. Non-parametric tests were used. Differences between medians were compared using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test. Statistical analysis used the Kaplan-Meier method to calculate disease-free survival. Differences between survival curves were compared with the log rank test. Statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05. RESULTS: Between November 1996 and December 2003, 71 and 205 patients have undergone LARVH and RAH, respectively, for FIGO stage IA/IB carcinoma of the cervix. Both groups were similar with respect to age and Quetelet index. There were no differences in tumor size, histology, grade, depth of invasion, lymph node metastases, or surgical margins. All laparoscopic procedures were completed successfully with no conversions to laparotomy. Intra-operative morbidity characteristics analyzed (LARVH vs. RAH) were blood loss 300 ml vs. 500 ml (P < 0.001), operative time 3.5 h vs. 2.5 h (P < 0.001), and intra-operative complications 13% vs. 4% (P < 0.03). Intra-operative complications in the LARVH group included: cystotomy (7), ureteric injury (1), and bowel injury (1). There was no difference in transfusion rates. There was no difference between post-operative infectious and non-infectious complications (LARVH vs. RAH), 9% vs. 5% and 5% vs. 2%, respectively. The median time to normal urine residual was 10 days vs. 5 days (P < 0.001), and the median length of hospital stay was 1 day vs. 5 days (P < 0.001). Twenty-two percent of patients received post-operative radiotherapy for high-risk features in both groups. After a median follow-up of 17 and 21 months, there have been 4 recurrences in the LARVH group and 13 in the RAH (P = NS). The overall 2-year recurrence-free survival was 94% and 94% in the LARVH and RAH groups, respectively (P = NS). CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate that early cervical cancer can be treated successfully with LARVH with similar efficacy and recurrence rates to RAH. The major benefits are less intra-operative blood loss and shorter hospital stay. It is a safe procedure with low overall morbidity and complication rates. However, at present, LARVH is associated with an increase in intra-operative complications, and patients may have an increased time to return to normal bladder function.     

The prognostic significance of preoperative leukocytosis in epithelial ovarian carcinoma: A retrospective cohort study

Objective

Preoperative leukocytosis is known to be a negative prognostic factor for several gynecologic malignancies, but its relationship with epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) is unknown. We sought to evaluate the prognostic implications of preoperative leukocytosis for women with EOC.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent primary debulking surgery and adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy for EOC between January 1993 and October 2011. Associations between leukocytosis and recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were determined by univariate analyses. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify independent prognostic factors for RFS and OS.

Results

Of 155 women, 23 (14.8%) had leukocytosis and 132 (85.2%) did not have leukocytosis. RFS and OS were significantly shorter for women with leukocytosis than for women without leukocytosis (P = 0.009 and P < 0.0001, respectively). The mortality rate was also higher among women with leukocytosis (P < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis revealed that preoperative leukocytosis (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.15; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.55–4.41; P = 0.009), advanced stage (HR: 3.12; 95% CI: 1.44–6.75; P = 0.004), and optimal cytoreduction (HR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.14-0.70; P = 0.031) were independent prognostic factors for RFS. Additionally, preoperative leukocytosis was independently associated with decreased OS (HR: 7.66; 95% CI: 2.78–21.16; P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Among women with EOC, preoperative leukocytosis might be an independent prognostic factor for RFS and OS. A larger-scaled, prospective study is needed to verify these results.     

A comparison of pure adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix after radical hysterectomy in stage IB-IIA

Objective

This study was designed to investigate the survival difference between pure adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in early cervical cancer (FIGO stage IB-IIA) after radical hysterectomy with or without adjuvant therapy performed at a single institution.

Methods

Patients with AC or SCC between November 1994 and September 2007 at the Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine in Seoul, Korea were evaluated.

Results

Among the 775 patients, 636 patients had SCC, and 139 patients had pure AC. In basal characteristics, preoperative FIGO stage, adjuvant therapy after surgery, as well as chemotherapeutic regimens, were not different between the two groups. However, the median age was about 5 years younger in pure AC patients than in SCC patients (44 years vs. 49 years, P = .001). In the comparison of pathological findings after surgery between the two groups, there were no differences between the two groups, except for LVSI status. The recurrence rate was higher in the pure AC group than in the SCC group (SCC; 36/636; 5.7%, AC; 20/139; 14.4%, P = < 0.001, respectively). The pure AC group had a higher recurrence rate in hematogenous/distant areas than the SCC group (SCC: 8/36; 22.2%, AC; 9/20; 45.0%, P = .076, respectively). In multivariable analysis, positive for pelvic LN and the pure AC cell type were independent factors in both DFS and OS.

Conclusion

We observed that pure AC of the cervix might entail a worse survival outcome than SCC in patients with early cervical cancer (IB-IIA).     

A comparative study of laparoscopic radical hysterectomy with radical abdominal hysterectomy for early-stage cervical cancer: a long-term follow-up study

Objective

To determine whether laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (LRH) is a feasible alternative to radical abdominal hysterectomy (RAH) for early-stage cervical cancer.

Study design

A retrospective, matched case-control study of 24 consecutive cases with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage I-II cervical cancer who underwent LRH by a single surgeon between January 1994 and December 2001. Cases were matched with controls (ratio 1:2) who underwent RAH by surgeon, age, stage and histology. Patient characteristics, clinical course, intra-operative complications and disease-free survival were compared between the two groups. Median counts were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test. Differences between means were compared using Student's t-test. Dichotomous groupings were analyzed using Chi-squared test and Fisher's exact test as appropriate. Survival data were estimated using Kaplan-Meier estimates and compared with the log-rank test.

Results

The mean estimated blood loss in the RAH group was significantly greater than that in the LRH group (836.0 ml and 414.3 ml, respectively; p < 0.001). Five patients (20.8%) from the LRH group and 23 patients (47.9%) from the RAH group received blood transfusion (p < 0.03). The mean length of hospital stay was significantly shorter in the LRH group compared with the RAH group (10.7 days and 18.8 days, respectively; p < 0.01). No statistically significant difference existed between the two groups with respect to operative time, pelvic lymph node count, frequency of lymph node involvement, extent of parametrial or vaginal resection margins, adjuvant treatment and intra-operative complications. Median follow-up was 78 months for the LRH group and 75 months for the RAH group. There was no significant difference in the 5-year disease-free survival rate between the groups (90.5% and 93.3% for LRH and RAH, respectively; p = 0.918).

Conclusions

LRH is a useful alternative to RAH for the management of early-stage cervical cancer. The benefits of LRH include reduced blood loss, fewer transfusions and shorter hospital stay, with comparable oncologic outcome.     

Surgical morbidity associated with radical trachelectomy and radical hysterectomy

OBJECTIVES: To examine intra-operative, short and longer term morbidity associated with Radical Trachelectomy (RT) within our cohort of patients, compared with conventional Radical Hysterectomy (RH). METHODS: A retrospective case note review comprising 29 RT and 50 RH patients. Patients who required adjuvant treatment were excluded. Operative data, short-term and long-term complications were recorded. Long-term problems were included only if they had been of persistent nature. RESULTS: The median age and follow up period for the RH group were 40 years and 60 months and for RT group 30.5 years and 25 months. There were significant differences between RH and RT groups in median operative time (260 versus 187 min), blood loss (1000 versus 400 ml), transfusion requirement (75% versus 12%), analgesic requirement (8 versus 3.5 days) and hospital stay (11 versus 6 days). Bladder hypotonia requiring prolonged catheterisation was more frequent in RH group (P = 0.004). There was no apparent difference in psychosexual problems between the two groups (17 versus 16%). Complications of deep dyspareunia (P = 0.009), excessive vaginal discharge (P = 0.01), and upper thigh parasthesia (P = 0.05) were noted to be significantly higher in the RT group. Specific problems encountered in the RT group included; dysmenorrhea (24%), irregular menstruation (17%), recurrent candidiasis (14%), cervical suture problems (14%), isthmic stenosis (10%) and prolonged amenorrhea (7%). CONCLUSION: RT is associated with less operative and short-term morbidity compared with conventional RH. In addition to specific complications associated with RT, in our experience, there are long-term morbidities that are not as commonly observed in RH.     

系统保留盆腔自主神经广泛性子宫切除术的临床观察

目的:探索系统保留盆腔自主神经的广泛性子宫切除术(systematic nerve sparing radical hysterectomy,SNSRH)对术后膀胱、直肠及性功能的保护作用。方法:选取2007年11月~2009年4月宁夏医科大学附属医院收治的44例宫颈癌及子宫内膜癌患者,A组24例行SNSRH,B组20例行传统根治性子宫切除术,观察SNSRH成功率,两组术后膀胱、直肠和性功能情况。结果:(1)A、B两组严格遵循Ⅲ型子宫切除术标准,手术切除范围无差异;(2)30例行SNSRH,成功保留盆腔自主神经(PAN)24例,失败6例,成功率80%;(3)A、B组平均手术时间、术中出血量差异无统计学意义;A、B组平均留置尿管时间、术后残余尿量、排气排便时间差异有统计学意义(P0.05);(4)A组术后性功能障碍发生率明显低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:系统保留PAN的广泛性子宫切除术对术后膀胱、直肠及性功能的恢复有一定的保护作用。     

Peritoneal carcinomatosis after laparoscopic radical hysterectomy for early-stage cervical adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND: The risk of wound metastasis after laparoscopic management of early-stage cervical cancer is well known, but there are few data on peritoneal carcinomatosis of cervical adenocarcinoma. CASE: We report the first case of peritoneal carcinomatosis occurring in a woman with FIGO stage Ib1 cervical adenocarcinoma who underwent laparoscopic type III radical hysterectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy (sentinel node procedure) followed by vaginal brachytherapy. A peritoneal recurrence was diagnosed 16 months after surgery and was treated with chemotherapy and laparotomy. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopy for cervical adenocarcinoma may carry a risk of peritoneal dissemination.     

Laparoscopic dissection of the ureter for radical laparoscopic hysterectomy

The most important step in radical hysterectomy is freeing the ureter from the anterior parametrium. In this paper we describe our modified technique for freeing the ureter from the anterior parametrium for a Piver II–III radical hysterectomy by means of pure laparoscopic surgery. Our series consists of seventeen patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy. In evaluating the technique, we considered its feasibility, the operating time, the time for complete preparation of the ureter as measured on the videotapes of the procedures, the short-term complication rate, and the length of hospital stay. Thirty-one ureters were unroofed; in three patients, monolateral dissection was performed. The median time of the surgical procedures was 182 min (range 110–255). The median time to unroof the ureter on one side was 14 min 35 s (range 10 min 15 sec–63 min). No patient had ureteronephrosis at ultrasound at control. Even if the experience with this technique is limited, the almost constant time to free the ureter shows that, laparoscopically, it can be performed with relative ease, particularly in patients without prolapse.     

Drain-site metastasis after radical hysterectomy for squamous cervical cancer

Drain-site metastasis occurred after radical hysterectomy for squamous cervical cancer.     

Surgicopathologic outcome of laparoscopic versus open radical hysterectomy

OBJECTIVE: To compare the surgicopathologic outcome of total laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (LRH) with that of abdominal radical hysterectomy (ARH) for the treatment of early-stage cervical cancer. METHODS: Radical hysterectomy specimens of sequential patients undergoing LRH (N=50) were compared with those of historical controls selected from consecutive women who have had conventional ARH (N=48), and who met the same criteria for eligibility as the cases. To evaluate the extent of parametrial resection, parametrial tissues were systematically measured at their widest dimensions before tissue processing. RESULTS: No difference was found in demographics, histologic type, tumor stage and grade between the two groups. The parametrial width was similar between LRH and ARH in both type II (right parametrium: 2.4 cm (1-3) vs. 2.3 (1.8-4.0), p=0.28; left parametrium: 2.3 cm (1.8-4) vs. 2.2 (1.2-3.0), p=0.54) and type III radical hysterectomy (right parametrium: 3.8 cm (2.3-6.5) vs. 3.4 (1.7-7.0), p=0.59; left parametrium: 3.6 cm (2-6) vs. 3.5 (1.5-6.5), p=0.82). There were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to lymph nodes yield and likelihood of identifying positive margins or metastatic disease. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that laparoscopically managed patients with cervical cancer undergo a similar extent of surgery as those treated with the traditional ARH, as judged by objective pathologic criteria.