二氢杨梅素葡萄糖苷的合成及对糖尿病的疗效

采用糖苷酶催化合成了一种新型的黄酮葡萄糖苷化舍物，并对158例糖尿病患者进行了为期9个月的口服治疗．疗效实验结果表明：黄酮葡萄糖苷治疗组可使糖尿病患者的血糖代谢基本回归到正常水平．     

二氢杨梅素的抗肿瘤机制研究进展

二氢杨梅素（Dihydromyricetin,DHM）是从葡萄科植物—藤茶茎叶部中提取出来的多酚羟基双氢黄酮醇类化合物。当代药理学已有的研究表明其抗肿瘤作用,能够明显抑制肺癌、肝癌、胃癌等细胞的发展并诱导其凋亡。现有研究表明DHM抗肿瘤机制主要有抑制肿瘤细胞周期、干预线粒通路以及对肿瘤相关信号通路的调控等途径。     

二氢杨梅素的稳定性及其影响因素

二氢杨梅素是一种重要的黄酮类物质,具有较好的抗氧化活性.通过溶析称重法测定了溶解度的变化,采用紫外 可见光谱扫描法研究其化学结构的变化,结果表明:二氢杨梅素溶液易发生氧化,稳定性较差,在不超过100℃,加热时间不超过30min以及酸性和中性条件可保持其化学结构稳定,而过渡态金属离子Al3+,Fe3+,Cu2+等对二氢杨梅素的氧化则起到诱导催化作用.     

二氢杨梅素对肝癌细胞黏附、侵袭及迁移的抑制作用及机制

目的：研究二氢杨梅素（DHM）对肝癌细胞黏附、侵袭和迁移能力的影响及其可能机制。 方法：用不同浓度DHM处理肝癌MHCC97L细胞后,分别检测细胞的黏附能力、迁移与侵袭能力,以及E-cadherin、MMP-2、MMP-9和VEGF蛋白表达。 结果：与空白对照细胞比较,DHM处理后的MHCC97L细胞黏附力明显降低、侵袭与迁移力明显减弱（均P<0.05）;E-cadherin表达明显上调,而MMP-9、VEGF蛋白表达明显下调的水平（均P<0.05）,但MMP-2蛋白的表达无明显改变（均P>0.05）。 结论：DHM可能通过调控E-cadherin、MMP-9和VEGF蛋白的表达抑制肝癌细胞的黏附、迁移和侵袭。     

二氢杨梅素的超声波辅助溶剂提取工艺

对显齿蛇葡萄中二氢杨梅素的超声辅助溶剂提取工艺进行了研究,在单因素实验和正交实验的基础上,得出超声波法辅助溶剂提取显齿蛇葡萄中二氢杨梅素的最佳工艺条件为：在40℃下,以液料体积质量比为15 mL∶1 g的体积分数65%乙醇溶液,超声波辅助溶剂提取40 min,目标物二氢杨梅素的一次提取率可达93.1%,优于常规的热提取法。     

双氢睾酮对人前列腺癌细胞株PC-3细胞生长影响的体外研究

目的:探讨双氢睾酮(Dihydrotestosterone,DHT)对前列腺癌PC-3细胞株生长的影响。方法:采用MTT方法,利用不同浓度的DHT刺激非激素依赖性前列腺癌PC-3细胞株,在培养1、2、3、4天分别测定细胞活性。结果:在加用DHT后的第1天,10-8mol/L组细胞生长速度明显加快,MTTOD值与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在第4天,分别加用10-9mol/L、10-8mol/L、10-7mol/L、10-6mol/LDHT,MTTOD值与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),10-5mol/LDHT组与对照组OD值比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:非激素依赖性前列腺癌PC-3细胞生长受雄激素的影响,低浓度DHT可促进PC-3细胞的生长。     

菲诺哌啶和双氢埃托啡对犬冠脉血流的影响

本文在犬实验中分别静注菲诺哌啶40μg/kg、双氢埃托啡0.4μg/kg,拟观察心率、心电图和冠脉流量的变化。材料和方法杂种犬六只,平均体重11.4kg,静注戊巴比妥钠30mg/kg,气管内插管,人工机械通气维持呼吸,吸入空气,潮气量120m|/kg,呼吸频率20次/分。针型电极插入四肢皮下记录心电图。股动、静脉直视下穿刺,置入套管针,经P_(50)换能器监测血压和点滴5％葡萄糖保持静脉通路。取右侧卧位,由第四肋间进胸,切开心包,分离冠状动脉左旋支并安置环形封套式电磁流量仪探头于左旋支周围,由(MFV—2100)电磁流量计连续显示其瞬间流率(CBF)。本实验动物     

富氢盐水对延迟复苏烫伤大鼠血压及肺组织抗氧化能力的影响

目的 观察富氢盐水对延迟复苏烫伤大鼠血压和肺组织抗氧化能力的影响.方法 制备富氢盐水(即氢气溶解度达到饱和的生理盐水,氢浓度为0.6 mmol/L).采用随机数字表法将20只SD大鼠分为富氢盐水组和生理盐水组,每组10只.2组大鼠背部致30%TBSAⅢ度烫伤,伤后7、9、17 h,分别经腹腔给予相当于总补液量体积1/2、1/4、1/4的富氢盐水或者生理盐水,补液总量按照4 mL·kg-1·%TBSA-1(Parkland公式)计算.观察实验过程中大鼠总体情况;伤后6、24 h测收缩压;伤后24 h取大鼠肺组织,检测S0D抑制率和丙二醛含量.对实验结果进行t检验.结果 2组大鼠实验过程中无一只死亡.富氢盐水组和生理盐水组伤后6 h的收缩压分别为(87±4)、(86±5)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),2组水平接近(t=0.213,P=0.834);伤后24 h,富氢盐水组收缩压[(124±7)mm Hg]高于生理盐水组[(115±6)mm Hg,t=2.958,P=0.008].富氢盐水组肺组织SOD抑制率为(0.465±0.014)%,高于生理盐水组[(0.358±0.021)%,t=11.767,P=0.000].富氢盐水组的肺组织丙二醛含量[(922±196)pmol/mg]低于生理盐水组[(1118±212)pmol/mg,t=-2.142,P=0.046].结论 用富氢盐水对烫伤大鼠行延迟复苏,更有助于其血压恢复,并通过增强抗氧化酶的作用,减轻再灌注引起的肺组织细胞损伤.     

CO2气腹对动脉粥样硬化兔颈动脉血流量的影响

目的探讨CO2气腹对动脉粥样硬化兔颈动脉血流量的影响及其机理.方法将50只日本大耳白兔按随机数字表法分为正常对照组(n=13)和动脉粥样硬化组(n=37), 后者根据气腹压的不同[0、10及15 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)]分为3个亚组,n分别为12、12及13.通过高脂饮食制作兔动脉粥样硬化模型.采用电磁流量计检测实验兔颈动脉血流量变化,生化分析仪行血气分析.结果建立气腹后(10及15 mm Hg)各时点兔颈动脉血流量均明显高于0 mm Hg组及正常对照组(P＜0.05),且随气腹持续时间延长而增加,均明显高于气腹前(P＜0.05),解除气腹后30 min虽有下降,但仍高于气腹前(P＜0.05); 其中15 mm Hg组颈动脉血流量明显高于10 mm Hg组(P＜0.05); 0 mm Hg组与正常对照组颈动脉血流量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).建立气腹后(10及15 mm Hg)各时点,动脉血PaCO2逐渐升高,pH值逐渐下降,均明显高于或低于气腹前、0 mm Hg组及正常对照组(P＜0.05); 各时点0 mm Hg组及正常对照组 pH值及PaCO2差异无统计学意义(P>0.05); 各组间及各时点间血HCO3-含量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论动脉粥样硬化状态下,CO2气腹可引起颈动脉血流量增加,其机理可能与腹内压增高、CO2通过腹膜吸收导致PaCO2升高、pH降低、造成高碳酸血症等原因有关.     

120例糖尿病患者血脂血糖的监测与分析

目的 监测并分析糖尿病患者血脂血糖水平与健康人群的差异.方法 选择120例糖尿病患者进行血脂血糖监测,与同期进行健康体检的120名体检者的资料进行对比分析.结果 对照组中高脂血症发生率为20.83%,糖尿病组中高脂血症发生率为51.67%.结论 糖尿病患者群体中的高脂血症发生率显著高于健康人群.     

Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid on Lipid Metabolism in Obesity Treatment

In this study, we investigated the hypolipidemic action of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and its mechanism. Three types of 5% fat diets (stearic acid, linoleic acid, and EPA) were prepared in our laboratory. Rats that weighed 170-190 g were fed one of these diets for 20 weeks at an equivalent calorie value (groups S, L, and E). Weight gain occurred in the following order: group E < group S < group L. Serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids and total lipids were significantly lower in group E than in the other groups. Analysis of the fatty acid composition of adipose tissue showed that the level of C18:1 was significantly higher in group S, that of C18:2 was significantly higher in group L, and that of C16:0 was significantly higher in group E than in the other groups. Arterial ketone bodies were significantly higher in group E than in the other groups. These results indicated that EPA had a hypolipidemic action, higher ketogenicity, and lower lipogenicity than the other fatty acids. Inclusion of EPA in the diet of hyperlipidemic subjects may thus help in the primary prevention of hyperlipidemia and, in turn, morbid obesity.     

青刺果油对大鼠脂代谢的药理研究

在高脂造模中系统地研究了青刺果油（Prinsepia utilis Royle Oil）对wistar高血脂大鼠血清总胆固醇（TC）、血清总甘油三脂（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-c）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-c）、肝脂酶（HL）活性、脂蛋白脂肪酶（LPL）活性以及肝脏中脂肪含量、粪便中脂质含量、肝质量／体质量比值的影响。与模型组相比，青刺果油能显著降低大鼠TC（P〈0．01）、TG（P〈0．05）、肝脏脂肪含量、粪便中脂质含量，同时显著升高HDL-C（P〈0．01）、HL酶活性（P〈0．05）。青刺果油具有调节血脂作用，是一种较为理想的功能性保健食用油。     

从糖肾宁对糖尿病肾病大鼠糖脂代谢的影响研究其肾脏保护作用

目的：探讨糖肾宁对糖尿病肾病大鼠糖脂代谢的影响及其肾脏保护作用的机制。方法：雄性SD大鼠40只,采用腹腔内注射福氏完全佐剂、链脲佐菌素及高脂饲料喂养的方法建立糖尿病肾病大鼠模型。按24h尿微量白蛋白（24hU-Alb）测定值随机分为模型组（M组）、糖肾宁组（T组）,格列喹酮组（G组）和正常组（N组）各8只,8周后,检测各组大鼠空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素（INS）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、三酰甘油（TG）,胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、24hU-Alb及肾功能。结果：M组空腹血糖、TC、LDL显著升高,INS、HDL明显下降。治疗8周后T组INS明显上升,TC、LDL显著下降、HDL明显升高,24hU-Alb减少,肾功能显著改善,且明显优于G组。结论：格列喹酮和糖肾宁均可不同程度影响血糖水平,糖肾宁还可有效调节脂代谢。糖肾宁可能是通过调节肾组织糖代谢及血脂代谢,延缓了肾小球硬化及肾间质纤维化进程,发挥了独立于降糖作用之外的降蛋白及肾功能保护作用。     

Methoxyflurane and Lipid and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Rats

Der Mechanismus von Methoxyfluran-induzierten Veränderungen im Fett- und Kohlehydratstoffwechsel wurde an Ratten in vivo und in vitro untersucht. Methoxyfluran führt zu einer deutlichen Erhöhung der freien Fettsäuren im Plasma während und nach der Narkose, der Plasmaglyzerolspiegel stieg jedoch nur während der Erholungsperiode an. Die Veränderungen während der Narkose scheinen durch indirekte Wirkungen des sympathischen Nerven-systems bedingt zu sein und können durch Beta-Blocker oder durch Sympathektomie unter gleichzeitiger Verhütung einer Hypothermie verhindert werden. Diese Vorbehand-lungsmethoden reduzieren jedoch die Veränderungen während der Erholungsperiode nur in geringem Maße. In vitro verursachte Methoxyfluran keine Störungen der Lipolyse. Die gegenwartigen Befunde weisen darauf hin, daß nach Methoxyfluran-Narkose ein anderer lipolytischer Mechanismus vorliegen muß, als der durch Methoxyfluran selbst.
Die geringen Veränderungen der Plasmaglukose, die während der vorliegenden Untersuchungen beobachtet wurden, können durch Katecholaminfreisetzung oder durch Änderungen in der peripheren Ausnützung der Kohlehydrate während und nach Methoxyfluran-Narkosen erklärt werden.     

The Effect of Aminoguanidine on Blood and Tissue Lipid Peroxidation in Jaundiced Rats With Endotoxemia Induced With LPS

Obstructive jaundice (OJ) is a severe condition that leads to several complications. One of the important problems in OJ is the increased incidence of endotoxemia, which is the result of bacterial translocation (BT) and defective host immune response. Lipid peroxidation (LP) is an important problem in OJ and sepsis in which nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity are increased and antioxidative activity is decreased. Formation of peroxynitrite (ONOO^?) anion leads to cellular damage and apoptosis. In this experimental study, we explore the effect of specific iNOS inhibitor aminoguanidine (AG) on blood and tissue (liver and renal) LP and iNOS levels in jaundiced rats with endotoxemia induced with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Rats were randomized into six groups; group A, sham; group B, obstructive jaundice (OJ); group C, OJ + LPS; group D, OJ + AG; group E, OJ + LPS + AG; group F, OJ + AG + LPS. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and serum myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and liver and renal tissue MDA, MPO, and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity levels were detected in biochemical methods. Liver and renal tissue iNOS levels were examined immunohistopathologically. Serum and tissue MDA and MPO levels and tissue iNOS expression were increased significantly in groups B, C, and E, while tissue ATPase levels were decreased significantly in the same groups. In the group treated with AG (group D), serum and tissue MDA and MPO levels and tissue iNOS expression were decreased while tissue ATPase levels were increased significantly. In group F, if AG was administrated before LPS, we observed that serum and tissue MDA and MPO levels and tissue iNOS expression were decreased while tissue ATPase levels were increased significantly. Thus, our study showed that AG had a protective effect when it was administrated before LPS, but it failed to prevent tissue iNOS expression and LP if there was established endotoxemia in OJ.     

Long-Term Effects of Continuous Combined HRT on Bone Turnover and Lipid Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of 10 years of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on bone turnover and lipid metabolism in postmenopausal women. The single-centre trial was initiated as a 1-year, double-masked, randomized, parallel-group study of continuous combined HRT with 2 mg 17b-estradiol and 1 mg norethisterone acetate administered once daily with or without 1 mg estriol. Following preliminary results which showed no difference between the addition and omission of estriol, patients continued on an open-label extension phase of continuous combined HRT without estriol for a further 9 years. Of the 52 women who entered the original double-masked study, 32 entered the open-label extension phase. The 10-year analysis was based on 27 patients. Major increases in bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine were seen during the first 3 years of treatment, remaining statistically significant compared with baseline at all visits throughout the 10-year follow-up (p40.025). Statistical modelling confirmed that there were no decreases in BMD after these initial increases. BMD remained 5.5% higher than baseline values after 10 years of continuous combined HRT. Mean total cholesterol levels were significantly reduced after 10 years of therapy (p= 0.012), with no significant changes in serum triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels from baseline values at this time. High-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels, however, were reduced by 15.4% (p50.001). In conclusion, 10 years of continuous combined HRT resulted in a significant and sustained increase in BMD. This treatment regimen therefore appears to be well suited for the long-term prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Received: 1 July 1997 / Accepted: 15 December 1997     

Renal Blood Flow and Serotonin Metabolism in Tacrolimus Treated Rats

Background: Serotonin (5-HT) is a potent vasoconstrictor and activator of platelets, endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. The result of activation by serotonin is platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of serotonin metabolism as a mediator of tacrolimus (FK 506) nephrotoxicity.
Methods: The whole blood and plasma levels of serotonin and its major metabolite (5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid: 5-HIAA) as well as renal cortical blood flow were investigated in rats administered FK 506 at doses of 4, 6 or 8mg/kg b.w. for 14 consecutive days.
Results: Renal cortical blood flow declined in a dose-dependent manner in the rats given FK 506, whereas serum creatinine remained unaltered following FK 506 administration. Although there was no significant change in serotonin, the whole blood and plasma 5-HIAA levels increased significantly following FK 506 administration.
Conclusion: FK 506 may cause acute nephrotoxicity by decreasing renal blood flow and the increase of 5-HIAA suggests some role of serotonin metabolism in the development of FK 506 nephrotoxicity.     

脾切除对脂质代谢影响的实验研究

目的 探讨脾切除对脂质代谢的影响,以及保留部分和自体脾移植是否对脂质代谢产生有益的作用。方法 将３５只大鼠随机均分为普通饮食组（ＯＦ）、高胆固醇饮食组（ＡＣＦ）、脾切除＋高胆固醇饮食组（ＳＴ）、部分脾切除＋高胆固醇饮食组（ＨＳＴ）、脾切除＋自体脾移植＋高胆固醇饮食组（ＳＴＳＡ）。观察血脂变化。结果 ＡＣＦ组血清甘油三酯（ＴＧ）,胆固醇（ＣＨＯＬ）呈升高趋势。ＳＴ组血清ＴＧ,ＣＨＯＬ进一步升高,高密