地塞米松鼓室滴注对儿童复发性分泌性中耳炎鼓室功能的影响

鼓室置管已成为儿童分泌性中耳炎有效的治疗方法，但仍有部分患儿鼓室积液反复发作，需要反复置管。如何尽快恢复鼓室的正常状态成为置管术后治疗的重点。有报道认为地塞米松鼓室应用对中耳功能的改善有积极作用，但并未得到广泛认同。为了进一步了解地塞米松液对复发性中耳炎患儿鼓室置管术后中耳通气状态的恢复作用。笔者采用地塞米松鼓室滴注＋常规治疗和单纯常规治疗进行对比研究，报道如下。     

慢性分泌性中耳炎中耳乳突手术治疗的探讨

目的：探讨中耳乳突手术治疗慢性分泌性中耳炎的适应证及治疗效果。方法：回顾分析接受中耳乳突手术治疗30例36耳慢性分泌性中耳炎患者的临床资料。36耳均接受了完壁式（闭合式）乳突-上鼓室切除、鼓室探查术,其中28耳同时行中耳置管术．5耳同时行听骨链成形术。所有病例术中清除的肉芽术后均作病理检验,其中炎性肉芽28耳,胆固醇肉芽肿8耳。结果：中耳置管者于术后1～3月拔除中耳通气管,鼓膜愈合良好。术后所有患耳均有不同程度的听力改善,以语频气导听阈的平均值为标准,听力达到应用水平（语频气导平均听阈30dB以内）的31耳（31／36,86．11％）。鼓室功能曲线检查结果显示,A型27耳（75％）,C型8耳（22．22％）,B型1耳（2．78％）。术后随访0．5～3年,除l耳因鼓室积液复发,再次中耳置管外,其余患者症状无复发,主观听力无下降．鼓室功能曲线C型8耳有2耳转为A型。结论：经过各种治疗无效的慢性分泌性中耳炎．应积极采取中耳乳突手术治疗。中耳乳突手术可彻底清除病变,建立鼓室、鼓窦及乳突的通气引流,以防复发。     

鼓室置管术治疗慢性分泌性中耳炎80例

目的观察鼓室置管术对慢性分泌性中耳炎(SOM)的治疗效果。方法对80例(88耳)保守治疗无效的SOM用鼓室置管器行鼓室置管术,地塞米松鼓室注射治疗,负压吸净鼓室分泌物,行咽鼓管吹张,术后口服抗生素。合并鼻窦炎病例予对症治疗,6例鼻息肉行息肉摘除。4例腺样体肥大行腺样体刮除。结果80例随访0.5~1年,90%病例(72例76耳)听力明显改善,纯音听阈、声导抗检查恢复正常。结论SOM的病例病程在2个月以上,积极保守治疗无效后用置管器行鼓室置管加相关治疗,疗效较好。     

咽鼓管置管与鼓室注药治疗分泌性中耳炎临床疗效观察

目的比较通过鼻内镜下咽鼓管置管术与鼓室注药治疗分泌性中耳炎的临床疗效。方法将96例（119耳）分泌性中耳炎患者,随机分为咽鼓管置管组与鼓室注药组,两组均抽出鼓室积液并注入相同的药物进行治疗。结果咽鼓管置管组在疗效上优于鼓室注药组（P〈0.05）。结论咽鼓管置管术是治疗分泌性中耳炎的有效方法,临床上可推荐使用。     

腭裂与中耳功能障碍的相关性

目的:探讨腭裂手术对患者中耳功能的影响,为早期改善患者中耳功能提供依据。方法:对112例(224耳)腭裂患者进行年龄分组,采用声导抗、纯音测听或听性脑干反应检查。65例腭裂伴分泌性中耳炎患者在作腭裂修复术的同时,行鼓室置管术,术前术后作听力学检测,术前对鼓室分泌物作细菌培养。结果:腭裂患者常伴有不同程度的中耳功能障碍,腭裂修复术能明显改善患者中耳功能(P<0.05)。鼓室分泌物G+、G-细菌培养阳性率为22.86%、23.53%,且多为低毒性条件致病菌。结论:腭裂患者常有中耳功能障碍,应重视其早期预防与治疗,早期修复腭裂有助于咽鼓管功能恢复。     

鼓膜切开加置管术联合鼻中隔矫正术治疗难治性分泌性中耳炎的疗效观察

目的:探讨鼓膜切开加置管术联合鼻中隔矫正术治疗难治性分泌性中耳炎的疗效。方法:回顾性分析2008年1月至2010年7月我院收治的难治性分泌性中耳炎伴鼻中隔偏曲患者11例(11耳)的临床资料(鼓膜置管至少1次以上,病程迁延超过1年,鼻中隔偏向患侧)。所有患者均采用鼓膜切开加置管术联合鼻中隔矫正术治疗,(中耳通气管)置管前及取出后1月、1年分别行声导抗、电测听检查,记录静态声顺值、峰压值和各频率听力级,并采用t检验、F检验进行统计分析。所有患者中耳通气管取出后随访1年。结果:11例患者听力恢复接近正常,鼓膜呈灰白色,动度无明显受限,咽鼓管咽口无明显开放障碍;中耳通气管取出后1年的峰压值(-23.85±3.43 mmH2O)、静态声顺值(0.95±0.01 ml)均比取出后1月大,差异有统计学意义(P分别为0.004、0.012,P<0.05);从置管前(52.57±8.57 dB HL)到中耳通气管取出后1月(30.79±4.35 dB HL),再到取出后1年(27.63±1.90dB HL),患耳听力提高,差异有统计学意义(F=83.784,P=0.044,P<0.05)。结论:对于难治性分泌性中耳炎伴鼻中隔偏曲的患者,施行鼻中隔矫正术可以改善鼻腔通气、帮助恢复咽鼓管功能,提高患耳听力。     

鼓室置管术治疗慢性分泌性中耳炎

目的评价鼓室置管术对慢性分泌性中耳炎(SOM)的治疗效果.方法对98例(120耳)保守治疗无效的慢性SOM均用鼓室置管器行鼓室置管术,术后全身应用抗生素,沐舒坦、类固醇3～5 d,用α-糜蛋白酶冲洗鼓室,吸净鼓室分泌物,行咽鼓管吹张.10例合并鼻窦炎予对症治疗,2例鼻息肉,4例腺样体肥大病人均行相应的手术治疗.结果 98例病人随诊半年至1年,90.8%(91例109耳)听力明显改善,纯音听阈,声导抗检查恢复正常.结论 SOM的病人2个月以上,积极保守治疗无效后,用置管器行鼓室置管加相关治疗,疗效较好.     

13例中耳胆固醇肉芽肿手术治疗的回顾性分析

目的探讨中耳胆固醇肉芽肿不同手术治疗方案的选择及其治疗结果。方法采用回顾性研究,对我院2009～2012年手术治疗的13例中耳胆固醇肉芽肿患者的临床资料进行总结分析。结果4例患者采用鼓室探查＋鼓膜切开置管术,其中1例术后半年复发,二次手术采用开放式鼓室成形术,6例采用完壁式乳突切除＋面隐窝开放＋鼓膜切开置管术,2例采用开放式乳突切除＋鼓室成形术,1例采用乳突根治术,术后随访1年以上均无复发。结论中耳胆固醇肉芽肿治疗应当彻底清除病变,重建通气引流通道,术前充分评估病变范围,选择适宜的手术方式。     

耳内镜下耳室置管治疗分泌性中耳炎的观察及护理

对反复发作的69例分泌性中耳炎病人在耳内镜下行鼓膜穿刺,抽出积液后行鼓膜切开中耳置管术,同时作好术前准备及术后护理和健康指导.结果 病人术后症状及听力均有不同程度改善,出现脱管11耳、堵管4耳、耳漏3耳、拔管后鼓膜穿孔不愈合及鼓室硬化各2耳,经进一步治疗均治愈.     

咽鼓管球囊扩张联合鼓膜置管术在儿童复发性分泌性中耳炎中的疗效

目的分析咽鼓管球囊扩张术(balloon eustachiantuboplasty,BET)联合鼓膜切开置管术在儿童复发性分泌性中耳炎的应用效果。方法将21例复发性分泌性中耳炎患儿随机分为两组,观察组10例患儿(20耳),采用咽鼓管球囊扩张联合鼓膜切开置管术;对照组11例患儿(21耳),仅采用鼓膜切开置管术。术后随访1月、3月、6月。随访内容包括纯音测听(PTA)、耳内镜、鼻咽镜及咽鼓管功能障碍问卷评分(ETDQ-7),数据进行统计分析。结果两组患儿术后1、3、6月PTA值均较术前改善(P<0.05),术后6月,观察组的PTA值(17.25±3.75),低于对照组(21.08±6.48),(P<0.05);两组患儿术后1、3、6月ETDQ-7评分均较术前降低,(P<0.05)。术后3月和6月,观察组ETDQ-7评分(3.43±0.36),(1.90±0.32)较对照组(3.75±0.45),(2.58±0.84)降低(P<0.05)。结论对于复发性分泌性中耳炎的患儿,采用咽鼓管球囊扩张联合鼓膜切开置管术能显著改善咽鼓管功能,提高纯音听阈值,临床疗效好。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.