巴戟天不同炮制品抗氧化作用比较研究

目的 比较巴戟天及其不同炮制品不同极性部位的抗氧化作用。方法 采用清除苯代苦味肼基（DPPH）自由基,清除[2,2''-连氨-（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）二氨盐]（ABTS）自由基及铁离子还原/抗氧化能力（FRAP）测定法,以Trolox、Vc等为阳性对照,对巴戟天生品、炮制品、不同的极性部位进行抗氧化活性评价。结果 巴戟天生品及炮制品均有一定的抗氧化活性,巴戟天及其不同炮制品的乙酸乙酯提取部位清除ABTS自由基能力和清除DPPH能力最强;总多糖部位清除ABTS自由基能力较强,巴戟天生品总多糖的IC₅₀值为0.197mg/ml;剩余水部位的还原铁离子能力最强。结论 不同炮制方法对巴戟天抗氧化活性具有不同程度的影响。     

Phytochemical and in vitro biological investigations of methanolic extracts of Enhydra fluctuans Lour.

ObjectiveTo study the phytochemical and biological properties (antioxidant, anthelmintic and thrombolytic) of methanolic extracts of Enhydra fluctuans Lour., a plant belonging to the Asteraceae family.MethodsThe phytochemical evaluation was carried out by qualitative analysis. In vitro antioxidant activity of extract was studied using free radical scavenging assay, ability of reduction, total phenol and total flavonoid contents determination assays. The anthelmintic activity was determined using paralysis and death time of Pheretima posthuma (earthworm) and thrombolytic activity by clot disruption assay.ResultsThe phytochemical evaluation showed significant presence of flavonoids, triterpenes, carbohydrate, reducing sugars, saponins, phenols, diterpenes, protein and tannin. The antioxidant activity was found significant [IC₅₀=(135.20±0.56) μg/mL] as compared to ascorbic acid [(130.00±0.76) µg/mL]. The reducing power was increased with concentration. Total phenol and total flavonoid contents were (153.08±0.38) mg/mL and (172.04±0.56) mg/mL respectively. The paralysis and death time of earthworms for different concentrations of extract were determined and compared with albendazole. The results showed that 10 mg/mL of the crude extract had similar effect with albendazole. Additionally, the crude extract showed a concentration depended relationship with its anthelmintic property. The clot lysis activity of crude extract was compared to the standard streptokinase's clot lysis (40.13%) activity and found significant (31%).ConclusionsThe study proves that the crude methanolic extract of Enhydra fluctuans Lour. has significant antioxidant, anthelmintic and thrombolytic activity containing wide range of phytochemicals.     

Antioxidant activity and phenol and flavonoid contents of eight medicinal plants from Western Nepal

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity, phenolic and flavonoids contents of selected medicinal plants form the Western region of Nepal.MethodsThe antioxidant activity of selected medicinal plants were determined by using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity; total ferric ion reducing ability through spectroscopic analysis. The content of total phenols was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, whereas Aluminum chloride colorimetric method was used for flavonoid determination.ResultsExtracts of Syzygium Operculatus (87%), Astilbe Rivularis (83%) and Mallotus Philippnensis (88%) showed significant free radical scavenging activity with effective concentration (EC₅₀) close to that of ascorbic acid. Syzygium Operculatus (96%), Astilbe Rivularis (97%) and Mallotus Philippnensis (97%) had potent reducing power in concentration dependent fashion. Those plant extract with higher free radical scavenging and ferric reducing effect also showed the greater content of both phenols and flavonoids, suggesting the correlation between polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity. Those plant extracts which showed better antioxidant activity assays, also demonstrated higher total phenol and flavonoid contents. These three plants showed the presence of higher amount of phenols and flavonoids.ConclusionThis study may provide the scientific basis for the traditional use of those plants and may provide valuable idea for further research.     

西青果丙酮及水提取物体外抗氧化活性初步研究

目的 探讨西青果丙酮提取物和水提取物在3种评价体系下的体外抗氧化活性.方法 采用福林酚比色法测定西青果丙酮提取物和水提取物的总酚含量;利用清除1,1-二.苯基-2-苦肼基自由基(DPPH·)、2,2-联氮基-双-(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐自由基(ABTS+·)评价法、还原法测定西青果两种溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性.结果 西青果丙酮提取物和水提取物总酚含量分别为(622.19±1.35)mg/g和(457.43±0.96) mg/g;两种溶剂提取物均表现出良好的抗氧化活性,对DPPH、ABTS自由基清除率的IC50值分别为8.427、19.575 μg/mL和20.273、33.064 μg/mL;对Fe3+均有一定的还原能力,其结果与浓度呈良好的量效关系,丙酮提取物还原效果最为明显.结论 西青果丙酮提取物和水提取物具有较强的抗氧化活性.     

Antioxidant activities of Indigofera cassioides Rottl. Ex. DC. using various in vitro assay models

Objective

To evaluate the antioxidant potential of methanolic leaf extract of Indigofera cassioides (MEIC) using various in vitro antioxidant assay systems.

Methods

Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of MEIC was assayed by using different in vitro models like ABTS, DPPH, nitric oxide, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical. Reductive ability of the extract was tested by the complex formation with potassium ferricyanide. Further total phenol and flavonoid contents of the crude extract were also determined. Rutin and ascorbic acid were used as standards.

Results

MEIC exhibited potent and concentration dependent free radical scavenging activity in all the tested models. Reductive ability was also found to increase with increase in MEIC concentration. Total phenol and flavonoid content determination showed that the extract is rich in phenols and flavonoids.

Conclusions

All the results of the in vitro antioxidant assays reveal potent antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of the leaves of Indigofera cassioides, equivalent to that of standard ascorbic acid and rutin. This potent antioxidant activity may be attributed to its high phenolic and flavonoid contents.     

Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of leaf and root parts of the medicinal herb,Hypochaeris radicata L. for in vitro antioxidant activities

ObjectiveTo analyse qualitative and quantitative phytochemical and evaluate in vitro antioxidant properties of various alcoholic and aqueous extracts of leaf and root parts of Hypochaeris radicata.MethodsPreliminary phytochemical analysis for alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, resins, saponins, steroids, tannins, terpenoids and triterpenoids and quantitative phytochemical analysis for alkaloids, total phenolics, total flavonoids, tannins, saponins and ascorbic acid were made by following standard procedures. In vitro antioxidant properties were evaluated by assessing DPPH^•, NO^• and ABTS^•+, radical scavenging abilities and assaying the reducing power, β-carotene and antihemolytic activities by adapting standard methods.ResultsThe quantitative phytochemical analysis of this species exhibited the presence of alkaloids, total phenolics, total flavonoids, tannins, saponins and ascorbic acid in considerable quantity. The in vitro antioxidant activity of the species, Hypochaeris radicata clearly demonstrated that both the leaf and root parts have prominent antioxidant properties.ConclusionsFrom this study, it can be concluded that the species is effective in scavenging free radicals and has the potential to be a powerful antioxidant.     

女贞子体外抗氧化活性研究

目的：研究女贞子的体外抗氧化活性。方法：在体外化学模拟的条件下,采用比色法测定了女贞子提取物对二苯代苦味酰基（DPPH）自由基和羟基自由基的清除能力,抗脂质过氧化能力,还原能力以及总体抗氧化能力。结果：女贞子醇提物对DPPH自由基和羟基自由基显示出较强的清除能力,具有一定的抗脂质过氧化能力和还原能力,其总体抗氧化能力也较强。结论：女贞子具有较强的抗氧化活性,可以作为潜在的天然抗氧化剂开发利用。     

Antioxidant,antimicrobial, cytotoxic and analgesic activities of ethanolic extract of Mentha arvensis L.

ObjectiveTo investigate potential antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and analgesic activities of ethanolic extract of Mentha arvensis L. in different in vivo and in vitro experimental models.MethodsIn vitro DPPH radical scavenging assay was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the plant extract. In vivo analgesic activity was carried out by acetic acid-induced writhing test in Swiss albino mice. All studies in mice were undertaken at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight. Antibacterial activity was studied by disk diffusion assay against some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. Brine shrimp lethality assay was used to investigate cytotoxicity effects of the plant extract.ResultsThe extract showed free radical scavenging activity in the DPPH assay (IC₅₀∼41 μg/mL) compared to the standard antioxidant ascorbic acid (IC₅₀∼19 μg/mL). The extract also produced prominent antimicrobial activity against Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi, Shigella boydii, Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus aureus compared to standard drug kanamycin at the dose of 30 μg/disc. The extract exhibited lethality against the brine shrimp nauplii with the LC₅₀ values of 40 μg/mL, and also 90% mortality (LC₉₀) value was found to be 160 μg/mL. In analgesic test, the extract demonstrated statistically significant (P<0.01) analgesic effect in acetic acid induced writhing in white albino mice at both dose levels.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the ethanolic extract of Mentha arvensis L. has potential antioxidant, antibacterial, cytotoxic and analgesic activities that support the ethnopharmacological uses of this plant.     

参麦注射液抗氧化活性体外实验研究

[目的] 系统研究参麦注射液体外抗氧化性能。[方法] 采用铁还原抗氧化能力 （FRAP）法、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）自由基清除法、一氧化氮（NO）自由基清除法、过氧化氢（H₂O₂）清除法、亚铁（Fe²⁺）离子螯合法分别测试不同稀释倍率参麦注射液的总抗氧化能力、DPPH·清除活性、NO·清除活性、H₂O₂清除活性和Fe²⁺离子螯合活性,并将结果与0.1mg/mL 2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚（BHT）、10 mmol/L水溶性维生素E（Trolox）和10%柠檬酸的结果进行比较。[结果] 参麦注射液具有一定的体外抗氧化能力,总抗氧化能力和对自由基清除活性均呈浓度正依赖性;10倍稀释参麦注射液总抗氧化能力显著低于BHT和Trolox （P<0.01）,但高于柠檬酸（P<0.01）;参麦注射液对不同自由基清除能力存在差异,其强弱顺序为：NO·[（54.4±6.6）%] > Fe²⁺离子螯[（42.6±3.2）%] > DPPH·[（36.2±2.8）%] > H₂O₂[（23.5±1.2）%]。[结论] 参麦注射液体外抗氧化活性研究将为其抗氧化药理学机制提供了实验依据。     

In vitro antioxidant activities of Solanum surattense leaf extract

Objective

To evaluate the antioxidant activity of alcoholic leaf-extract of Solanum surattense (Solanaceae) (S. surattense).

Methods

Leaf extract were tested for in vitro free radical scavenging assays, such as hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide, inhibition of superoxide anion radical and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH), total antioxidant activity and reducing ability. Further, total phenolic content of S. surattense was analyzed.

Results

S. surattense extract effectively scavenged free radicals at all different concentrations and showed its potent antioxidant activity. Further, these effects were in a dose dependent manner. Results were compared to standard antioxidants such as butylated hydroxytoluene, ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol.

Conclusions

S. surattense have strong antioxidant potential. Further the study validates the therapeutic benefits of the Indian system of medicine.     

丹红、丹参和红花3种注射液抗氧化活性比较研究

[目的]对丹红、丹参、红花注射液的抗氧化活性进行比较,研究丹红、丹参、红花注射液抗氧化活性物质基础。[方法]采用清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基、铁离子还原、亚铁离子螯合实验测定3种注射液的抗氧化活性;用高效液相色谱法对丹参和丹红注射液中主要的抗氧化活性成分进行含量测定。[结果]丹红、丹参、红花注射液均具有DPPH自由基清除能力、铁离子还原能力、亚铁离子螯合能力。[结论]丹红、丹参、红花注射液均具有良好的抗氧化活性,其物质基础与其总酚酸和总黄酮的含量密切相关。     

Phytopharmacological evaluation of ethanol extract of Sida cordifolia L. roots

Objective

To investigate the phytochemical screening (group determination) and selected pharmacological activities (antioxidant, antimicrobial and analgesic activity) of the plant Sida cordifolia Linn (S. cordifolia).

Methods

Eighty percent concentrated ethanol extract of the roots was used. To identify the chemical constituents of plant extract standard procedures were followed. In phytochemical screening the crude extract was tested for the presence of different chemical groups like reducing sugar, tannins, saponins, steroids, flavonoids, gums, alkaloids and glycosides. The antioxidant property of ethanolic extract of S. cordifolia was assessed by DPPH free radical scavenging activity. Analgesic activity of the extract was tested using the model of acetic acid induced writhing in mice. Diclofenac sodium is used as reference standard drug for the analgesic activity test. Antibacterial activity of plant extract was carried out using disc diffusion method with five pathogenic bacteria comparison with kanamycin as a standard.

Results

Phytochemical analysis of the ethanolic extract of the roots of S. cordifolia indicated the presence of reducing sugar, alkaloids, steroids and saponins. In DPPH scavenging assay the IC₅₀ value was found to be 50 µg/mL which was not comparable to the standard ascorbic acid. The crude extract produced 44.30% inhibition of writhing at the dose of 500 mg/kg body weight which is statistically significant (P>0.001). The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract of the roots of S. cordifolia showed no antimicrobial activity against five types of microorganisms. The experiment was conducted only with five species of bacteria as test species, which do not at all indicate the total inactivity against micro-organisms.

Conclusions

The obtained results provide a support for the use of this plant in traditional medicine but further pharmacological studies are required.     

生甘草与炙甘草的抗氧化能力比较研究

[目的]对生甘草与炙甘草的抗氧化能力进行比较。[方法]采用1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基法、铁离子还原法、总抗氧化能力测试(ABTS法)以及福林试剂法测定药物的抗氧化能力。[结果]生甘草与炙甘草均具有DPPH自由基清除能力、铁离子还原能力和总抗氧化能力。[结论]生甘草与炙甘草均具有良好的体外抗氧化活性,实验表明炙甘草的抗氧化能力大于生甘草并且具有统计学差异(P0.01)。     

Phytochemical analysis and antioxidants activities of aqueous stem bark extract of Schotia latifolia Jacq

Objective

To evaluate the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Schotia latifolia (S. latifolia) bark locally used for the treatment of oxidative stress-induced ailments in South Africa.

Methods

The antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of aqueous extract of the plant was assessed against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO), 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) and the ferric reducing agent. Total phenolics, flavonoids, flavonols and proanthocyanidins were also determined to assess their corresponding effect on the antioxidant activity of this plant.

Results

The activities of plant extract against DPPH, ABTS and NO radicals were concentration dependent with IC₅₀ value of 0.06, 0.05 and 0.05 mg/mL, respectively. The reducing power of the extract was greater than that of butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT) and ascorbic acid which were used as standard drugs in a concentration dependent manner. The total phenolics content of the aqueous bark extract was (193.33±0.03 TE/g), followed by flavonoids (72.70±0.01 QE/g), proanthocyanidins (48.76±0.00 CE/g) and flavonols (47.76±0.21 QE/g). Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of percentage tannin (11.40±0.02), alkaloid (9.80±0.01), steroids (18.20±0.01), glycosides (29.80±0.01) and saponins (6.80±0.00). The results exhibited a positive linear correlation between these polyphenols and the free radical scavenging activities.

Conclusions

Our findings provide evidence that the crude aqueous extract of S. latifolia is a potential source of natural antioxidants and this justifies its uses in folkloric medicines.     

Reduction of hydrogen peroxide-induced erythrocyte damage by Carica papaya leaf extract

Objective

To investigate the in vitro antioxidant potential of Carica papaya (C. papaya) leaf extract and its effect on hydrogen peroxide-induced erythrocyte damage assessed by haemolysis and lipid peroxidation.

Methods

Hydroxyl radical scavenging activities, hydrogen ion scavenging activity, metal chelating activity, and the ferrous ion reducing ability were assessed as antioxidant indices. In the other experiment, human erythrocytes were treated with hydrogen peroxide to induce erythrocyte damage. The extract (at various concentrations) was subsequently incubated with the erythrocytes and later analysed for haemolysis and lipid peroxidation as indices for erythrocyte damage.

Results

Preliminary investigation of the extract showed that the leaf possessed significant antioxidant and free radical scavenging abilities using in vitro models in a concentration dependent manner (P<0.05). The extract also reduced hydrogen peroxide induced erythrocyte haemolysis and lipid peroxidation significantly when compared with ascorbic acid (P<0.05). The IC₅₀ values were 7.33 mg/mL and 1.58 mg/mL for inhibition of haemolysis and lipid peroxidation, respectively. In all cases, ascorbic acid (the reference antioxidant) possessed higher activity than the extract.

Conclusions

The findings show that C. papaya leaves possess significant bioactive potential which is attributed to the phytochemicals which act in synergy. Thus, the leaves can be exploited for pharmaceutical and nutritional purposes.     

Antioxidant activity of methanol extracts of different parts of Lantana camara

ObjectiveTo investigate the antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts of Lantana camara (L. camara) various parts and the determination of their total phenolics content.MethodsThe extract was screened for possible antioxidant activities by free radical scavenging activity(DPPH), xanthine oxidase inhibition activity and Griess-Ilosvay method.ResultsThe results showed that all the plant parts possessed antioxidant properties including radical scavenging, xanthine oxidase inhibition and nitrites scavenging activities. The antioxidative activities were correlated with the total phenol. The leaves extract of L. camara was more effective than that of other parts.ConclusionsThis study suggests that L. camara extracts exhibit great potential for antioxidant activity and may be useful for their nutritional and medicinal functions.     

In vitro antioxidant and anti–inflammatory activities of Korean blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) extracts

ObjectiveTo investigate in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Korean blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.).MethodsTotal phenolic and flavonoid contents of the Korean blueberry water and ethanol extracts were determined before determining the potential of the extracts as antioxidant. Antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined by following some well established methods for free radical scavenging such as 2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl hydrate, 1,2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonicacid), free radical induced DNA damage, superoxide dismutase-like and catalase assay etc. Furthermore, 1-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-3,5-diphenylformazan and nitric oxide assay were performed to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts.ResultsTotal phenolic contents were found (115.0±3.0) and (4.2±3.0) mg GAE/100 g fresh mass for both extracts, respectively and flavonoid contents were (1 942.8±7.0) and (1 292.1±6.0) mg CE/100g fresh mass for water and ethonal extracts, respectively. Both the extracts displayed significant scavenging activity of some radicals such as 2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (IC₅₀ at 1.8 mg/mL and 2.05 mg/mL, respectively), 1,2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonicacid) (IC₅₀ at 1.5 mg/mL and 1.6 mg/mL, respectively) and nitrite (IC₅₀ at 1.7 mg/mL and 1.5 mg/mL, respectively) etc. The extracts were found to prevent inflammation as well by reducing nitric oxide production and cytotoxicity in cell.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that the fresh Korean blueberry could be used as a source of natural antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents.     

山楂叶总黄酮含量测定及抗氧化活性研究

目的:评价山西晋南地区采集的山楂叶中总黄酮的含量及体外抗氧化活性。方法:采用显色法测定总黄酮含量;通过对1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydra-zyl, DPPH)、2,2-联氮-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(2,2′-azino-bis[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid]diammonium salt, ABTS)和羟自由基的清除能力评价体外抗氧化活性。结果:山楂叶总黄酮含量为(79.06±2.05)mg/g。总黄酮对DPPH、ABTS自由基清除半数抑制浓度(half maximal inhibitory concentration, IC₅₀)分别为(91.63±1.75)和(64.34±4.53)μg/mL,与抗坏血酸相比,相对抗氧化活性(relative antioxidant activity, RAA)分别为40.71%和76.64%;对羟自由基清除率较低,三者均低于同质量浓度下的抗坏血酸。结论:山西晋南地区采集的山楂叶总黄酮含量较高,有较高的抗氧化活性,可...     

Antioxidant and anti–acetylcholinesterase activities of extracts and secondary metabolites from Acacia cyanophylla

ObjectiveTo investigate the antioxidant potential and anti-acetycholinesterase activity of compounds and extracts from Acacia cyanophylla (A. cyanophylla).MethodsThree polyphenolic compounds were isolated from ethyl acetate extract of A. cyanophylla flowers. They have been identified as isosalipurposide 1, quercetin 2 and naringenin 3. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR experiments as well as ES-MS. The prepared extracts and the isolated compounds 1–3 were tested for their antioxidant activity using 1′-1′-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) scavenging assays and reducing power. They have been also investigated for inhibitory effect against acetylcholinesterase using the microplate assay.ResultsIn the DPPH test, the EtOAc extract of flowers exhibited the highest antioxidant effect (67.26 μg/mL). Isosalipurposide 1 showed a significant antiradical power against DPPH (81.9 μg/mL). All extracts showed a dose-dependent acetylcholinesterase inhibition. In terms of the IC50 value, the butanolic extract (16.03 μg/mL) was the most potent sample. Isosalipurposide 1 was found to be active against AChE with an IC50 value of 52.04 μg/mL.ConclusionsThe results demonstrated the important antioxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of pure compounds and extracts from A. cyanophylla.     

Phytochemical investigation and in vitro antioxidant activity of an indigenous medicinal plant Alpinia nigra B.L. Burtt

Objective

To investigate antioxidant potential of methanol extract of Alpinia nigra leaves.

Methods

The study was done by using various in vitro methods such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assays. Phytochemical constituents, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of the extract at different concentrations (10-500 µg/mL) were determined.

Results

Alpinia nigra leaves showed high free radical scavenging activity as evidenced by the low IC₅₀ values in DPPH (64.51 µg/mL), in ABTS (28.32 µg/mL), in nitric oxide (80.02 µg/mL) and in H₂O₂ (77.45 µg/mL) scavenging assays. Furthermore the TPC and TFC of the extract were found to be 69.25 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram of extract and 78.84 mg quercetin equivalent per gram of extract respectively.

Conclusions

The results of present comprehensive analysis demonstrated that Alpinia nigra leaves possess high phenolic, flavonoid contents and potential antioxidant activity, and could be used as a viable source of natural antioxidants and might be exploited for functional foods and neutraceutical applications.