Inhibitory effects of salvianolic acid B on CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis through regulating NF-κB/IκBα signaling

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Hepatic fibrosis, a precursor of liver cirrhosis, is a consequence of severe liver damage that occurs in many patients with chronic liver diseases. Salvianolic acid B (SA-B) is one of water soluble compounds derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen in Chinese) widely used for chronic liver diseases. In this study we investigated the protective effects of SA-B on CCl₄-induced hepatic fibrosis.

Materials and methods

Hepatic fibrosis in rats was induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄). Rats were divided into four groups, including normal controls (N group), model (M group), low SA-B of 10 mg/kg body weight (L group), or high SA-B of 20 mg/kg body weight (H group). After 6 weeks, macroscopic features of the liver and weight ratio of liver to body were measured. Liver fibrosis of the rats was evaluated by HE and Massion staining. Activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total bilirubin (TBIL) were checked with automated biochemistry analyzer. Serum levels of hyaluronic acid (HA), type IV collagen (IV-C), Laminin (LN) and procollagen III peptide (PIIIP) were detected by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The expression of NF-κB and IκBα was detected by western blotting.

Results

SA-B was shown to reduce CCl₄-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. The serum levels of ALT, AST, and TBIL were significantly lower in the SA-B treatment groups than in the M group. Compared the M group, the serum levels of HA, LN, IV-C and PIIIP were decreased markedly after treatment with SA-B, especially in the H group. Treatment with SA-B at 10–20 mg/kg (L and N groups, respectively) dose-dependently decreased the expression of NF-κB in the nucleolus and increased the expression levels of NF-κB and IκBα protein in the cytoplasm compared to that of the M group.

Conclusions

This study reveals that SA-B could prevent the progression of liver angiogenesis and alleviate liver fibrosis possibly by regulating the expression of NF-κB and IκBα.     

动脉粥样硬化闭塞症兔动脉TNF-α mRNA、NF-κB mRNA表达的变化

目的:探讨动脉粥样硬化闭塞症(ASO)兔模型TNF-α mRNA、NF-κB mRNA表达的变化,部分阐明ASO炎症反应机制。方法:建立动脉粥样硬化闭塞症动物模型,观察主动脉内皮组织TNF-α mRNA,NF-κB mRNA表达情况,采用SPSS 11.0统计软件进行单因素方差检验。结果:通过以目的基因的相对转录量为参数进行统计分析可知,模型组兔子动脉内皮组织TNF-α mRNA、NF-κB mRNA的表达与对照组比较均显著升高,有统计学差异(P<0.01)。结论:ASO形成过程中,动脉内皮组织TNF-α mRNA、NF-κB mRNA的表达显著升高,提示抑制TNF-α mRNA表达,阻断NF-κB的激活,或抑制NF-κB mRNA,对于拮抗ASO的发生发展都有着极其重要的临床意义。     

Picea mariana polyphenolic extract inhibits phlogogenic mediators produced by TNF-α-activated psoriatic keratinocytes: Impact on NF-κB pathway

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Picea mariana ((Miller) Britton, Sterns, and Poggenburg; Pinaceae) bark has been traditionally used by North American natives for treating topical inflammations. It has been also suggested to improve various inflammatory skin disorders like Psoriasis vulgaris. Extracts from this bark storage protein contain polyphenolic compounds which have well-known antiinflammatory activities. Based on the capacity of polyphenolic compounds to modulate functions of normal human keratinocytes, this study was set up to decipher the mechanisms of action of a chemically characterized polyphenolic extract from Picea mariana bark (BS-EAc_f) on lesional keratinocytes of skin with psoriasis vulgaris, a disease driven by the immune system in which TNF-α plays a significant role.

Materials and methods

BS-EAc_f corresponds to the ethyl acetate soluble fraction from the hot water extract of Picea mariana bark. BS-EAc_f effects were evaluated in normal human (NHK) and psoriatic (PK) keratinocytes stimulated by TNF-α. Cell viability was assessed by lactate deshydrogenase release and propidium iodide (PI) staining. The mechanisms of action of BS-EAc_f in keratinocytes were investigated by flow cytometry, ELISAs, RT-PCR and western blot analyses.

Results

PK exhibited a higher response to TNF-α than NHK regarding the ICAM-1 expression and the production of NO, IL-6, IL-8, fractalkine and PGE₂, whereas BS-EAc_f significantly inhibited this TNF-α-induced increase at concentrations without causing keratinocyte toxicity. Additionally, this extract significantly inhibited the TNF-α-induced release of elafin and VEGF by PK and NHK. Since TNF-α activation of most of these factors is dependent on the NF-κB pathway, this latter was studied in TNF-α-activated PK. BS-EAc_f inhibited the TNF-α-induced phosphorylation and degradation of total IκBα as well as phosphorylation of NF-κB p65.

Conclusions

The ethyl acetate fraction from Picea mariana bark extract showed inhibitory effects of cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, nitric oxide and prostaglandins produced by keratinocytes under TNF-α activation through down-regulating the NF-κB pathway. This study demontrated that this extract could be a potential antiinflammatory agent capable of improving psoriatic skin.     

基于TNF-α/NF-κB信号通路探讨银莱汤治疗肺炎的作用机制

目的 基于肿瘤坏死因子-α(transforming necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)/核转录因子-κB(nuclear factor κB,NF-κB)信号通路探讨银莱汤治疗肺炎的作用机制.方法 将40只SPF级4周龄雄性大鼠随机分为4组,分别为正常组、肺炎组、银莱汤治疗组和醋酸泼尼松组,每组10只....     

针灸调控TNF-α/TLR4/NF-κB改善顺铂小鼠肝损伤的作用机制

目的 通过观察针灸对顺铂(Cisplatin,DDP)所致肝损伤小鼠与肝细胞炎症反应相关的肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、Toll样受体4(TLR4)和核因子-κB(NF-κB)表达含量的变化,以及血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)和谷氨酸脱氢酶(GLDH)活性变化,并结合小鼠肝脏病理变化,阐释针灸对DDP引起肝损伤小鼠的作用机制。方法 选用SPF雄性KM小鼠,随机分为4组,按照10 mL·kg^-1空白组腹腔注射0.9%NaCl溶液,其余3组按照体质量腹腔注射同剂量DDP溶液,24 h后模型成功。干预组采用“大椎”“肝俞”“肾俞”“足三里”,分别给予针刺和艾灸干预,其余两组陪同固定不干预,每天1次,持续5天。断食1天后取材,生化检测血清中ALT、AST、GLDH含量,Western blot测定肝脏中TNF-α、TLR4、NF-κB蛋白表达含量。结果 与空白组比,模型组血清中ALT、AST、GLDH活性增高,肝脏中TNF-α、TLR4、NF-κB蛋白表达升高,均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与模型组比,针刺组和艾灸组ALT、AST、GLDH活性...     

中药调节TLRS/NF-κB信号通路研究进展

TLRs/NF-κB信号通路是细胞中广泛存在的信号转导途径,在免疫、炎症、肿瘤等众多疾病的发生发展中起着重要作用。近来有大量研究通过中药对这一通路的调节作用来探讨中药对相关疾病治疗的分子基础。对中药提取物及药对配伍,中药复方及其他中药制剂对TLRs/NF-κB信号通路的调节做了综述。     

TLRs/NF-κB通路研究进展与溃疡性结肠炎

溃疡性结肠炎(Ulcerative colitis,UC)又称非特异性溃疡性结肠炎,与克隆病(Crohn’s disease,CD)合称为炎症性肠病(Inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)。UC病机复杂,病因尚不明确,随着免疫学、分子生物学等学科的迅速发展及对核因子-κB(Nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)和Toll样受体(Toll-like recep-tors,TLRs)的研究,UC的发病机制正逐步得以揭示,TLRs/NF-κB通路的部分阐明为UC的治疗提供了新的契机,通过抑制此通路的关键分子进而阻断UC过激的炎症反应已成为众多学者研究的方向[1]。现就TLRs/NF-κB通路及其与UC的发病机制及…     

芍药苷对TNF-α诱导的内皮细胞TNFR1/NF-κB信号通路的抑制作用

目的研究芍药苷(paeoniflorin,PAE)对TNF-α诱导小鼠肾动脉内皮细胞TNFR1介导信号通路的抑制作用,试探讨其作用的分子机制。方法体外培养小鼠动脉内皮细胞。采用Western blot方法检测正常组(无血清培养基培养)、TNF-α组(无血清培养基培养2 h加TNF-α30ng/m L 6 h)、PAE低浓度组(PAE0.8μmol/L培养2 h加TNF-α30ng/m L 6 h)、PAE中浓度组(PAE 8μmol/L培养2 h加TNF-α30ng/m L 6h)及PAE高浓度组(PAE 80μmol/L培养2 h加TNF-α30ng/m L 6 h)细胞间黏附分子-1(intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1,ICAM-1)的蛋白表达;以免疫荧光法检测正常组(无血清培养基培养)、TNF-α组(无血清培养基培养2 h加TNF-α30ng/m L 45 min)、PAE高浓度组(PAE 80μmol/L培养2 h加TNF-α30ng/m L45 min)核因子κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)的核转位;以Western blot法检测正常组(无血清培养基培养)及PAE高浓度组(PAE 80μmol/L培养2 h)ph-ERK和ph-p38表达;Western blot法检测正常组(无血清培养基培养)、TNF-α组(无血清培养基培养2 h加TNF-α30ng/m L 30 min)、PAE高浓度组PAE 80μmol/L培养2 h加TNF-α30ng/m L 30 min)、p38抑制剂组(SB组,p38抑制剂SB238025 25μmol/L预处理30 min,PAE80μmol/L处理2 h,最后TNF-α30 ng/m L 30 min)及ERK抑制剂组(PD组,ERK抑制剂PD98059 50μmol/L处理30 min,PAE 80μmol/L处理2 h,最后TNF-α30 ng/m L 30 min)IκBα蛋白表达。结果与正常组比较,TNF-α组ICAM-1蛋白表达明显升高(P0.01);与TNF-α组比较,PAE高浓度组的ICAM-1表达受到显著抑制(P0.05)。PAE高浓度组ph-p38及ph-ERK蛋白表达水平明显较正常组升高(P0.05)。与正常组比较,TNF-α组IκBα表达水平下降(P0.01)。与TNF-α组比较,PAE高浓度组可显著抑制TNF-α诱导的IκBα蛋白降解(P0.01),SB组可显著阻断PAE对IκBα蛋白降解的抑制作用(P0.05)。正常组中NF-κB/p65信号主要位于胞浆中,TNF-α组在TNF-α刺激45 min可诱导NF-κB/p65由胞浆向细胞核转位,而PAE高浓度组可显著抑制TNF-α诱导的NF-κB/p65核转位。结论 PAE抑制TNF-α诱导的ICAM-1表达,其作用与抑制TNFR1/NF-κB信号通路有关,p38参与介导此作用。     

三七对酒精性肝病大鼠肝组织NF-κB/IκB表达的影响

 目的观察三七对酒精性大鼠肝组织的防治及对NF-κB/IκB表达的影响。方法SD雄性大鼠随机分为正常组,模型组、三七高、低剂量组和硫普罗宁组,连续14周建立酒精性肝病模型。在模型制备同时,每天下午分别灌服给药,连续14周。ELISA法检测肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)。常规HE及Masson染色,光镜观察肝组织的脂肪变、炎症及纤维化程度;免疫组化法检测肝组织中NF-κBp65/IκBα蛋白的表达。结果酒精性肝病模型组大鼠肝组织脂肪变及炎症程度计分、血清TNF-α水平明显增高(P<0.01)。三七高、低剂量组,硫普罗宁组大鼠肝组织脂肪变及炎症程度、血清TNF-α水平较模型组明显减轻(P<0.01,P<0.05)。酒精性肝病模型组大鼠肝组织NF-κBp65和IκBα均较正常组明显升高(P<0.01);三七高、低剂量组大鼠肝组织NF-κBp65/IκBα表达较模型组明显降低(P<0.01,P<0.05)。相关分析显示,肝组织NF-κBp65表达与肝组织炎症程度计分呈正相关(r=0.63,P<0.01),与血清TNF-α水平呈正相关(r=0.43,P<0.01);肝组织IκBα表达与肝组织炎症程度计分呈正相关(r=0.36,P<0.05),与血清TNF-α水平呈正相关(r=0.44,P<0.01);血清TNF-α水平与与肝组织炎症程度计分呈正相关(r=0.60,P<0.01)。结论用白酒-玉米油-吡唑混合液灌服大鼠14周可成功制作ALD模型。三七可明显减轻酒精性肝病大鼠肝组织脂肪变和炎症程度。三七能显著抑制肝组织中NF-κBp65/IκBα的过度表达,降低血清TNF-α水平,这可能是其有效防治酒精性肝病的发生发展的重要机制之一。     

Ethanol extract of Alismatis Rhizoma reduces acute lung inflammation by suppressing NF-κB and activating Nrf2

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The tuber of Alisma orientale Juzepzuk, a medicinal herb that has been used for the treatment of various disorders in Korea, has an anti-inflammatory effect. Here, we investigated a possible underlying mechanism and a protective effect on acute lung injury (ALI).

Materials and methods

Alisma orientale tuber was extracted in 80% ethanol and dried. The powder of the ethanol extract of Alisma orientale tuber (EEAO) was dissolved in PBS. The effect of EEAO on NF-κB and Nrf2 activities was analyzed with RAW 264.7 cells. The effect of EEAO on lung inflammation was determined by histologic and molecular biological analyses of the lung tissue of C57BL/6 mice that were gavaged once a day with 0.3 or 1.2 g/kg of EEAO for 14 days, prior to an intranasal administration of LPS (0.01 g/kg) for inducing ALI.

Results

EEAO pre-treatment of RAW 264.7 cells suppressed NF-κB activity and the expression of its dependent genes including COX-2, IL-1β and iNOS. Similar treatment enhanced Nrf2 activity and the expression of Nrf2-regulated genes including NQO-1, HO-1 and GCLC. LPS instillation induced acute neutrophilic lung inflammation, which was significantly suppressed by pre-treatment with EEAO. Analysis of the lungs revealed that EEAO pre-treatment induced the expression of Nrf2-regulated genes, with concomitant down-regulation of inflammatory gene expression.

Conclusions

EEAO attenuated lung inflammation in LPS-induced ALI mice, which was associated with differential regulation of NF-κB and Nrf2 activities. We suggest that EEAO can be developed as a potential therapeutics for the treatment of ALI.     

二氢杨梅素对复发性口腔溃疡大鼠TNF-α及NF-κB p65的影响

目的:研究二氢杨梅素(DMY)对复发性口腔溃疡(RAU)大鼠肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)及NF-κB p65的影响.方法:将60只SD大鼠随机分为6组,采用同种异体口腔黏膜匀浆作为抗原皮内注射5次,制备RAU大鼠模型.末次免疫注射的同时开始给药,正常对照组和模型组给予蒸馏水,其他组分别给DMY 50,100,200 mg·kg-1和甘草锌67.5 mg·kg-1,按10mL· kg-1ig 给药7d.取血分离血清;取口腔黏膜制备匀浆.ELISA测定口腔黏膜和血清中TNF-α的含量;免疫组化法和天青-伊红-瑞氏染色法分别检测口腔黏膜中NF-κB p65,巨噬细胞(MΦ)的表达;逆转录聚合酶链式反应法(RT-PCR)检测口腔黏膜和血清中TNF-α mRNA的表达.结果:RAU模型大鼠血清和口腔黏膜中TNF-α含量显著升高,TNF-α mRNA表达明显增强,口腔黏膜组织中NF-κB p65,MΦ表达增加;DMY能降低口腔黏膜组织和血清中TNF-α含量和TNF-α mRNA的表达,降低口腔黏膜中NF-κB p65,MΦ表达.结论:DMY可能通过抑制RAU口腔黏膜组织中NF-κB p65对MΦ中TNF-α mRNA的转录和释放的调节作用,使口腔黏膜中TNF-α下降而起抗口腔溃疡的作用.     

温阳益心方对心肌缺血再灌注损伤大鼠NIK/IKK/IκB/NF-κB信号转导通路的影响

目的 观察温阳益心方对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤(myocardial ischemic-reperfosion injury,MI/RI)NIK/IKK/IκB/NF-κB信号转导通路的影响.方法 采用随机数字表法将32只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、MI/RI模型组、温阳益心方组及氟伐他汀组.假手术组、MI/RI模型组大鼠...     

TRL-4、NF-κB、TNF-α在输卵管异位妊娠过程中的表达

目的:探究TRL-4、NF-κB、TNF-α信号通路在输卵管异位妊娠过程中发挥的作用。方法:运用免疫组织化学染色配合图象半定量分析的方法检测TLR4、NF-κB、TNF-α在18例正常输卵管壶腹部及30例输卵管壶腹部异位妊娠标本的表达情况。结果:TLR4、NF-κB、TNF-α在两组标本的壶腹部黏膜上皮细胞中均有的表达。输卵管异位妊娠组TLR4、NF-κB、TNF-α的表达明显高于正常组输卵管组(P<0.05)。结论:TLR4、NF-κB、TNF-α表达的增强导致炎性反应加剧,可能是输卵管异位妊娠发病机制中的关键环节。