局部特异性脱敏治疗常年性变应性鼻炎的免疫学观察

目的 :探讨鼻腔局部特异性脱敏 ( LNIT)的疗效和免疫机理。方法 :用 LNIT治疗常年性变应性鼻炎 ( PAR)患者 1 42例 ,并对其中的 30例进行免疫学观察。结果 :LNIT与传统的皮下免疫疗法的疗效相似 ( P >0 .0 5)。免疫观察表明 ,治疗后患者鼻分泌物中的 Ig A显著增加 ( P <0 .0 5) ;鼻分泌物总 Ig E、血清总 Ig E和螨、豚草的特异性 Ig E水平都有所下降 ,但仍无显著差异( P >0 .0 5)。结论 :LNIT确能通过增强局部免疫功能 ,使 PAR的治疗获得较好的效果。     

Acoustic rhinometry in nasal provocation test in perennial allergic rhinitis

Acoustic rhinometry is one method to evaluate nasal geometry by an acoustic reflection technique. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in acoustic rhinometry after nasal provocation in patients with exclusively perennial allergic rhinitis. In 19 patients, acoustic rhinometry and active anterior rhinomanometry were performed before and after nasal provocation test. There was a statistically significant nasal flow reduction measured by active anterior rhinomanometry after nasal provocation (p < 0.05) and a median symptom score of four points, both indicating a positive response to nasal provocation. On the other hand, there was no statistically significant change in the values of acoustic rhinometry after nasal provocation (p > 0.05). In patients with exclusively perennial allergic rhinitis, acoustic rhinometry does not seem to significantly change after nasal provocation. In contrast, active anterior rhinomanometry values decreased significantly after nasal provocation. The presented results indicate that acoustic rhinometry does not seem to be a diagnostic method superior to active anterior rhinomanometry in this context.     

鼻腔神经部分切断术及下鼻甲粘骨膜下剥离术治疗变应性鼻炎18例临床分析

目的：观察鼻腔神经部分切断术和下鼻甲粘骨膜下血管神经离断术对变应性鼻炎的疗效。方法：对18例常年性变应性鼻炎患者进行鼻腔神经部分切断术与下鼻甲粘骨膜下血管神经离断术。所有病例随访12个月，评价其临床效果。结果：10例临床症状消失，体征明显改善；7例临床症状明显缓解，体征改善；1例无效。总有效率94．4％。结论：鼻腔神经部分切断和下鼻甲粘骨膜下血管神经离断术治疗常年性变应性鼻炎效果显著。     

A multicenter clinical study of the efficacy and tolerability of azelastine nasal spray in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis: a comparison with oral cetirizine

A new topically administered intranasal antiallergic drug, azelastine, was investigated in a large randomized multicenter study that compared it with oral cetirizine from the aspects of efficacy and safety. Patients were treated for 14 days, and efficacy was assessed on days 7 and 14 by means of an investigator rating scale measuring the severity of eight nasal and ocular symptoms of seasonal rhinitis. In addition, patients recorded the extent of individual symptoms on a visual analogue scale (VAS). Tolerability was assessed on the basis of adverse events reported. Data from a total of 129 patients were included in the analysis of drug efficacy. Treatment groups had significant reductions in the investigators' total symptom score during treatment. These reductions were 47% and 55% for azelastine and cetirizine, respectively, at day 7 and 61% and 67% at day 14. There were no differences between the two groups whether they were analyzed overall or separately for nasal and ocular symptoms. Patients' daily VAS scores showed a significantly better resolution of nasal stuffiness and rhinorrhea in the azelastine-treated group than in the cetirizine-treated group. There were no differences for any other symptom. Adverse events were reported by 12 patients in the azelastine group and 20 patients in the cetirizin group. Drowsiness was the only frequently occurring event and this was in the azelastine group (P = 0.003).     

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of ten-cha (Rubus suavissimus) on house dust mite allergic rhinitis

Objective

Self-care with Ten-Cha is the most common complementary alternative medicine for allergic rhinitis in Japan, but evidence for an actual therapeutic effect is lacking. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of Ten-Cha (Rubus suavissimus) on house dust mite allergic rhinitis.

Methods

The study was performed in the otolaryngology departments of 5 facilities (Chiba University, Kagoshima University, Fukui University, Okayama University, and Nippon Medical School) from July to December 2009. A randomized double-blind study was performed with central enrollment and allocation. The subjects ingested 400 mg of Ten-Cha extract or placebo (3 capsules/day) daily for 4 weeks as a food intervention. The number of subjects was chosen with anticipation of an effect equivalent to that of mast cell-stabilizing drugs. A nasal allergy diary-based symptom score and a QOL score were used for evaluation.

Results

The Ten-Cha and placebo groups included 47 and 42 subjects, respectively. The improvement rates for sneeze, nasal discharge, nasal obstruction, and symptom scores were greater in the Ten-Cha group than in the placebo group throughout the intervention period, and the effect tended to increase with time in the Ten-Cha group. However, the differences between the groups were not significant. QOL was not significantly improved in either group.

Conclusion

Ingestion of Ten-Cha had an effect on allergic rhinitis, but the effect of Ten-Cha was limited and did not differ significantly from placebo. These results suggest that Ten-Cha does not exhibit an effect equivalent to mast cell-stabilizing drugs at the dose used in this study.     

咪唑斯汀对常年性变应性鼻炎患者生活质量的影响

目的观察咪唑斯汀对常年性变应性鼻炎患者生活质量的影响。方法进行随机、双盲、有效剂和安慰剂的平行对照研究，应用生活质量医学成果研究简表36项健康调查（Medical Outcome Study Short-Form 36-items Health Survey，MOSSF-36）问卷中文版进行调查。常年变应性鼻炎患者60例，年龄14～62岁。随机将患者分为3组：咪唑斯汀组26例：男12例，女14例；西替利嗪组22例：男12例，女10例；安慰剂组12例：男7例，女5例。3种药物服用方法均为每天1次，每次1片，共服用3周，于服药前及服药后每天记录症状记分，于服药前、服药后第1和第3周采用SF-36生活质量问卷分别进行生活质量评价，评价内容包含36个项目，主要包括患者自己对功能状态、幸福和健康的评价。结果治疗前3组间患者症状记分、生活质量记分差异无统计学意义。服药1周和3周后咪唑斯汀组症状明显改善，生活质量明显提高（P值均〈0．001），与西替利嗪组相当，安慰剂组未见明显改善。结论咪唑斯汀能有效改善常年性变应性鼻炎患者的过敏症状，同时能提高患者的生活质量，安慰剂虽然也能短时间内改善部分患者症状，但不能提高患者的生活质量记分。     

A 1-year placebo-controlled study of intranasal Fluticasone Propionate Aqueous Nasal Spray in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis: a safety and biopsy study

In a 1-year, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized study the long-term effect of Fluticasone Propionate Aqueous Nasal Spray (FPANS) in 42 patients with a perennial allergic rhinitis was studied with regard to safety and efficacy. Twenty-nine patients completed the entire treatment period. After 1 year of treatment no deleterious changes consequent on therapy were observed in nasal mucosal biopsies. The appearance of the epithelial layer, the degree of cellular infiltration, the extent to which the sinusoids were dilated and the degree of tissue oedema improved or remained unchanged in 93% of the patients of the FPANS group, versus 75% of the placebo group, and worsened in 7% of the FPANS group versus 25% of the placebo group. Assessment of the changes in haematological, biochemical, urinary, plasma cortisol levels, and in the findings during nasal examination revealed no significant differences between the two treatment groups. After 1 year of treatment symptom scores for sneezing, nasal itching, and total symptom score were significantly better in the FPANS treated group (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, P < 0.01). An initial reduction in total symptom score was found after 4 weeks FPANS treatment with a further reduction after 8 months of FPANS treatment. These findings suggest that the maximum efficacy of topical intranasal steroids is reached after long-term treatment, and thus advocates longer usage before treatment is stopped because of presumed inefficacy.