Antifertility activity of Artemisia vulgaris leaves on female Wistar rats

AIM： To evaluate the antifertility activity of Artemisia vulgar＆ leaves on female Wistar rats. METHOD： The plant extract was tested for its effect on implant formation at two dose levels, 300 and 600 mg.kg 1, respectively. The effective methanolic plant extract was further studied for estrogenic potency on ovariectomised immature female Wistar rats. RESULTS： The data presented in this study demonstrate the antifertility potential of Artemisia vulgar＆ methanolic leaf extract, which shows a strong and significant decrease in implant formation （100%）, and a strong estrogenic effect resulting in a significant increase in uterine weight in immature ovariectomised rats. These observations suggest that the methanolic extract of Artemisia vulgaris leaves has strong anti-implantation activity and estrogenic activity. CONCLUSION： The methanolic plant extract ofA. vulgaris has antifertility activity.     

茵陈蒿对小鼠血糖,血脂的影响

本文研究了茵陈蒿(Artemisia capillaris Thunb.简称AC)对血糖、血脂的影响,阐明其作用机制。以防治性给药、糖尿病(DM)、正常和高脂模型小鼠,探讨AC的作用。结果表明,AC能抑制四氧呼陡(All)致小鼠空腹血糖(FBG)的升高作用;降低DM小鼠FBG;但对正常和高脂小鼠FBG则未见明显影响。AC能降低高脂及上述模型小鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)和动脉硬化指数(AI),提高高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C)含量。AC具有双胍类降糖药的降糖作用,并能调节内、外源性血脂代谢紊乱,能用于治疗DM及其慢性并发症。     

Effects of Inula viscosa leaf extracts on abortion and implantation in rats

The anti-implantation and mid-term abortifacient effects exhibited by administration of Inula viscosa leaf extracts, were studied in rats. The aqueous extract administered i.p. on day 1-6 of gestation, totally diminished fetal implantation and caused a significant (P<0.05) reduction in the number of corpora lutea and blood progesterone levels. Meanwhile, administration on day 13-15 of gestation exhibited mid-term abortion. Furthermore, petroleum ether and dichloromethane, but not methanol, extracts exhibited pronounced abortifacient effects. The results of this study are in agreement with the traditional reputation of this plant as abortifacient. Further, the plant possesses anti-implantational and luteolytic effects.     

Inhibition of blood platelet adhesion, aggregation and secretion by Artemisia dracunculus leaves extracts

BACKGROUND: Platelet hyperactivity plays an important role in atherosclerosis and arterial thrombosis. Artemisia dracunculus L. (tarragon) is a common table vegetable all over Iran and known for its anticoagulant activity in Iranian folk medicine. OBJECTIVE: The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of Artemisia dracunculus leaves methanol crude extract and its chloroform fraction on platelet aggregation, secretion and adhesion to laminin coated plates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human platelets were incubated with different concentrations of the test sample (equivalent to 25-200 mug of plant leaves powder/ml). The treated and untreated platelets were then activated with thrombin and adhesion to the laminin coated plates were evaluated. RESULTS: Based on our observations, the methanol extract and its chloroform fraction, at a concentration of 200 mug/ml, inhibited platelet adhesion to laminin coated wells by 50% and 60%, respectively. In addition to alternation of cell adhesive properties, protein secretion and self aggregation of the treated platelets were decreased upon treatment with the crude extract and its chloroform fraction. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that the methanol crude extract and chloroform fraction of tarragon could inhibit platelets adhesion, aggregation and secretion. These findings provide scientific basis for the traditional use of tarragon as a blood-diluting factor, as locally called, or as an anticoagulant.     

稀土元素镧对黄花蒿光合作用及青蒿素积累的影响

目的探讨叶面喷施稀土元素镧对黄花蒿植株光合作用及青蒿素积累的影响。方法采用LI-6400便携式光合作用测量系统测量黄花蒿Artemisiaannua叶片净光合速率(net photosynthetic rate,Pn),采用脉冲调制叶绿素荧光仪测定Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo等荧光参数,采用UPLC法测定青蒿素量,使用SPSS 13.0分析软件进行统计。结果不同浓度LaCl3处理22 d,黄花蒿地上部分生长速率无显著性变化;20~80μmol/L LaCl3处理促进青蒿素积累,而160μmol/L处理抑制其积累;20~80μmol/L LaCl3处理表现出促进Pn的优势,而160μmol/L处理Pn低于对照;20~80μmol/L处理2 d后,Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo显著提高,160μmol/L处理2 d,Fv/Fm显著提高,Fv/Fo无显著性变化。结论适宜浓度(20~80μmol/L)LaCl3可促进黄花蒿体内青蒿素积累及提高Pn,Pn提高可能与PSⅡ原初光能转化效率及PSⅡ潜在活性的提高有关。     

雪莲花醇提物对大鼠组织和红细胞的抗氧化活性

 目的研究雪莲花醇提物(ESLHM)的抗氧化活性。方法用·HO生成系统Fe²⁺维生素C诱导大鼠心、肝、肾组织匀浆脂质过氧化,用TBA比色法测定MDA含量;用NBT还原法测酵母多糖A刺激大鼠中性粒细胞产生的O₂^-;用分光光度法测H₂O₂诱发的大鼠红细胞溶血度。结果对照组大鼠心、肝、肾匀浆经Fe²⁺+维生素C溶液诱发后MDA含量较空白组升高(P<0.01),中性粒细胞受酵母多糖A刺激后O₂^-生成较空白组升高(P<0.01),红细胞经H₂O₂诱发后溶血度较空白组升高(P<0.01)。而6.3,12.5,25,50,100,200μ·L^-1 ESLHM能不同程度抑制Fe²⁺维生素C诱导的大鼠心、肝、肾脂质过氧化产物MDA生成,其抑制心、肝、肾MDA生成的IC₅₀分别为29.4,32.9,31.4 μg·L^-1,其量效关系均呈负相关,相关系数分别为-0.905, -0.912,-0.908,相关性检验P值均<0.01;能不同程度抑制酵母多糖A刺激中性粒细胞生成O₂^-,其抑制中性粒细胞生成O₂-的IC₅₀为24.6 μg·L^-1,其量效关系呈负相关,相关系数为-0.887(P<0 01);能不同程度抑制H₂O₂诱发的红细胞氧化溶血,其抑制红细胞氧化溶血的IC₅₀为57.6μg·L^-1,其量效关系呈负相关,相关系数为-0.905(P<0.01),.结论雪莲花醇提物通过清除·HO,O₂^-及H₂O₂发挥抗氧化活性。     

Effects of ethanolic dried leaf extract of Lecaniodiscus cupanioides on antioxidant enzymes and biochemical parameters in rats

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Lecaniodiscus cupanioides is widely used in West African folk medicine for the treatment of inflammatory conditions, fevers and bacterial infections.

Aim of the study

To evaluate the potential toxic effects of the ethanolic dried leaf extract of Lecaniodiscus cupanioides (LC) on antioxidant enzymes in selected organs and biochemical parameters.

Materials and Methods

Crude ethanolic extract of Lecaniodiscus cupanioides dried leaves was prepared. A 90-day sub-chronic toxicity study was conducted using albino rats. Reconstituted Lecaniodiscus cupanioides was administered at a dosage of 400, 800 and 1600 mg/kg (high dose) with a control group receiving 10 ml/kg orally. Histopathological studies of major organs and blood chemistry analysis were performed on blood obtained via cardiac puncture after euthanization. Selected organs (liver, kidney and brain) were harvested for antioxidant and histopathological assessments.

Results

The extract produced significant (p<0.05) increases in the weights of liver, kidney and brain at 800 mg/kg and 1600 mg/kg compared to the control. Biochemical analysis showed significant increase in Alanine transferase (ALT) at 800 mg/kg and 1600 mg/kg. Assay for antioxidant enzymes showed a reversible decrease in the activity of Catalase (CAT), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione (GSH) with an increase in Malondialdehyde (MDA) at 800 mg/kg and 1600 mg/kg Lecaniodiscus cupanioides. Histopathological study showed reversible congestion in the brain, liver, and kidney at 800 mg/kg and 1600 mg/kg.

Conclusion

Findings in this study reveal that the ethanolic dried leaf extract of Lecaniodiscus cupanioides has the potential for inhibiting in vivo antioxidant enzymes activity and causing hepatotoxicity after prolonged exposure.     

不同氮磷钾用量对黄花蒿产量的影响

目的探讨氮磷钾肥用量对黄花蒿产量的影响。方法采用4因素3水平正交试验方法进行田间试验。结果不同氮磷钾用量对黄花蒿产量的影响不显著。结论钾肥用量对叶蕾产量影响较大,适宜用量为每亩8kg;氮肥用量对种子产量影响较大,适宜用量为每亩12kg。     

Maternal and developmental toxicity evaluation of Acanthus montanus leaves extract administered orally to Wistar pregnant rats during organogenesis

Acanthus montanus is a plant used in Cameroon to treat pains and threatened abortion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of methanol/methylene chlorides leaves extract from Acanthus montanus on Wistar pregnant rats and identify the substance(s) essential for these actions. Dams were treated orally from days 6 to 15 of the pregnancy at the dose levels of 0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/(kgday). They were sacrificed on day 20 or allowed to deliver and wean. Various parameters were assessed. The F(1) generation offsprings were allowed to give birth to F(2) generation and a number of parameters assessed. The results showed that there was no maternal or organs toxicity. Embryotoxicity was observed during organogenesis manifested by reduction in foetal body weight, crown-rump and tail lengths and reduced ossification of extremities bones. However after delivery, these signs of growth retardation were seen before day 5, and henceforth, the treated pups regained all their parameters to normality. All others parameters for F(1) and F(2) generations were insignificant. beta-Sitosterol was the major chemical component of the extract and its role on these results could not be ignored. The MeOH/CH(2)Cl(2) extract of this plant is embryotoxic peri-natally at high doses but this failed to manifest after 5 days of post-natal survival. beta-Sitosterol may be central in the observed effects of the extract. This extract can be tolerated by pregnant patients.     

柿叶对药物流产后大鼠子宫匀浆中NO、NOS、ET的影响

目的探讨柿叶治疗药物流产后子宫出血的机制。方法采用早孕大鼠灌服米非司酮和米索前列醇造成流产模型,通过检测和比较药物流产后各组大鼠子宫匀浆中一氧化氮(NO)和内皮素(ET)含量及一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性,观察柿叶对药物流产的作用。结果柿叶组子宫匀浆中ET含量明显高于空白对照组,NO、NOS含量明显低于空白对照组。柿叶大剂量组ET/NO明显高于空白对照组和药流对照组。结论柿叶治疗药物流产后出血的作用机制可能与调节子宫组织NO、ET含量的平衡有关。     

Hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Eclipta alba on experimental liver damage in rats and mice

An alcoholic extract of freshly collected Eclipta alba exhibited dose-dependent (62.5–500.0 mg/kg p.o.) significant hepatoprotective activity against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats and mice. It indicated its protective role on parameters such as hexobarbitone-induced sleep, zoxazolamine-induced paralysis, bromosulphalen (BSP) clearance, serum levels of transaminases, bilirubin and protein. The extract did not show any signs of toxicity and the minimum lethal dose was greater than 2.0 g/kg when given orally and intraperitoneally in mice.     

A pharmacological evaluation of Baphia nitida Lodd (Leguminosae) ethanolic extract on rats and mice

Fresh leaves of Baphia nitida supplied by a herbalist were extracted, screened phytochemically and then subjected to various pharmacological tests. The phytochemical tests showed the presence of saponin, flavonoid glycosides and true tannins. In the dose range used, no acute toxicity was observed for the ethanolic extract. The extract showed a dose dependent antinociceptive (analgesic) activity in mice with the analgesic activity of 500 mg/kg extract being comparable to that of 300 mg/kg of acetylsalicylic acid. The extract demonstrated an antidiarrhoeal effect by protecting rats against castor oil induced diarrhoea. This was also dose related but less than the protection afforded by sodium salicylate. The extract did not demonstrate any appreciable anticonvulsant effect against strychnine-induced convulsion in rats.     

茵陈提取物对SD大鼠高脂血症模型血脂水平和肝脂肪变的影响

目的：观察茵陈提取物对高脂血症大鼠血脂和肝脏脂肪变性程度的影响。方法：用高脂饲料复制SD大鼠高脂血症模型,观察茵陈提取物对造模大鼠血清总胆固醇（TC）和甘油三酯（TG）水平的影响,对造模大鼠肝脏脂肪变性和MDA含量和SOD活性的影响。结果：茵陈提取物6,3,1.5g/kg能有效降低高脂血症大鼠血清中TC、TG、LDLC的含量,升高血清中HDLC的含量,并具有不同程度减轻高脂血症大鼠肝脂肪变,降低肝脏MDA含量,提高SOD活性的作用。结论：茵陈提取物通过调整血脂,对高脂血症大鼠模型具有良好的降脂和减轻肝脂肪变的作用。     

寿胎丸不同提取部位对肾虚流产模型孕鼠补肾安胎的药效学筛选

目的:探讨应用寿胎丸的不同提取部位对肾虚黄体-抑制(病证结合模型)大鼠流产模型黄体功能的影响。方法:应用羟基脲和米非司酮(RU486)稳定复制SD大鼠肾虚-黄体(病证结合)大鼠流产模型;严格控制实验药物来源,寿胎丸分别按照提取工艺,筛选4种提取方法,分别为寿胎丸水提液(A药液)、醇提液(B药液)、醇提后药渣水提液(C药液)、B+C药液。分别对其进行干预,肉眼观察子宫病变,记录胚胎数,计算流产率;化学发光法检测血清雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)的水平。应用实时荧光定量(qRT-PCR)分析大鼠流产模型孕激素受体(PR mRNA)在蜕膜表达的影响。结果:综合各专家对评价指标等值加权,寿胎丸B+C药液能显著降低大鼠的流产率、增加胚胎数;提高血清E2及P内分泌水平,上调PR mRNA表达。结论:通过专家综合评价各指标并赋予权重,进行综合分析寿胎丸B+C药液补肾安胎效果最佳。     

Modulatory effects of Artemisia annua extracts on human complement,neutrophil oxidative burst and proliferation of T lymphocytes

Air-dried aerial parts of Artemisia annua were extracted with petroleum ether, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol and water successively. The extracts were screened for their in vitro effects on human complement, proliferation of T lymphocytes, and chemiluminescence by zymosan-stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes. All extracts exhibited dose-dependent inhibitory activities in our immunoassays. The highest activity towards the classical pathway of complement was found in ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts, whereas in the chemiluminescence assay, diethyl ether and ethyl acetate extracts showed the most pronounced inhibitory activities. In the T-cell proliferation assay, the diethyl ether extract exhibited the most potent inhibitory effect. Artemisinin showed no immunomodulatory activity in our assays.     

泰山白首乌醇提物对HepG2肝癌细胞增殖与凋亡的调节作用

目的:研究泰山产白首乌醇提物对HepG2肝癌细胞增殖与凋亡的调节及其相关分子机制.方法:白首乌95%的乙醇提取物,通过D101大孔吸附树脂梯度洗脱.MTT法检测不同洗脱部位对:HepG2细胞增殖的影响;流式细胞术检测HepG2细胞周期的变化;FTTC-AnnexinV/PI双标记检测90%乙醇洗脱部位对肝癌细胞凋亡的影响;免疫印迹法检测ERK,JNK1,p38/MAPK磷酸化水平的变化.结果:泰山白首乌50%乙醇洗脱部位和90%乙醇洗脱部位可明显抑制HepG2细胞增殖,减少细胞的增殖指数(PI),且90%乙醇洗脱部位可诱导HepG2细胞发生凋亡,抑制ERK磷酸化并促进.JNK1的磷酸化.结论:泰山白首乌醇提物可抑制HepG2肝癌细胞的增殖并诱发凋亡,其分子机制可能与调节MAPK信号通路中ERK和JNK磷酸化水平的平衡相关.     

Effect of crude extract and fractions from Vitex megapotamica leaves on hyperglycemia in alloxan-diabetic rats

The effect of the crude extract, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions from Vitex megapotamica (Spreng) Moldenke on glycemia was investigated in diabetic rats. Oral administration of crude extract significantly reduced serum glucose levels in both normal and diabetic animals. In normal rats, serum glucose lowering was observed with 400 and 800 mg/kg at 2 and 2-3h, respectively after oral crude extract treatment. Nevertheless, the hypoglycemic effect of Vitex megapotamica in diabetic rats was evident at 1 and 2h and from 1 to 3h after treatment with 400 and 800 mg/kg, respectively. The ethyl acetate as well as n-butanol fractions were able to diminish glycemia in diabetic animals. The ethyl acetate fraction (400 and 800 mg/kg) produced the maximum hypoglycemic effect (28 and 20%, respectively) in diabetic rats and the same dose of the n-butanol fraction reduced the hyperglycemia only by 11% at 1h after treatment. Additionally, in hyperglycemic normal rats neither crude extract nor ethyl acetate fraction modified the glucose tolerance and the known tolbutamide effect on insulin release was clearly observed in this group. Thus, this study shows that Vitex megapotamica has an anti-hyperglycemic action, is able to ameliorate the diabetic state and, probably, is a source of hypoglycemic compounds.     

复方白术提取物对高脂血症大鼠脂质代谢、血液流变学和微循环的影响

目的观察复方白术提取物(CBE,白术精提取物、红曲提取物)对高脂血症模型大鼠脂质代谢、血液流变学和微循环的影响。方法采用高糖高脂饲料递增酒饮建立SD大鼠高脂血症模型,造模4周后分别灌胃给予高、中、低剂量(36、24、16 mg/kg)复方白术提取物,依折麦布作为阳性药。每2周测定血清中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和动脉粥样硬化指数(AI)水平;给药7周后测定大鼠尾部微循环血流量;给药10周后,测定大鼠血液流变学指标及血清卵磷脂胆固醇酯酰基转移酶(LCAT)水平,以及肝脏中TC、TG水平和羟甲戊二酰辅酶A还原酶(HMGCR)、脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)、酯酰辅酶A-胆固醇酰基转移酶(ACAT)水平。结果复方白术提取物3组大鼠的血清TC、LDL-C、AI及肝脏TG、HMGCR、ACAT水平降低,血清LCAT水平及尾部微循环血流量升高,血液流变学指标明显改善;复方白术提取物高剂量组血清HDL-C水平升高及肝脏TC、FAS水平降低;中剂量组血清HDL-C水平升高;低剂量组肝脏FAS水平降低。结论复方白术提取物通过抑制胆固醇、脂肪酸合成和促进胆固醇转化来调节脂质代谢,从而改善血液的流变性和微循环。     

藏药结血蒿生药鉴定与质量标准研究

目的对结血蒿进行生药学鉴定,为其鉴别及应用提供科学依据。方法运用药材性状、显微特征、薄层色谱、高效液相色谱对该药材进行鉴定。结果选择50%甲醇作为提取溶剂,超声时间30 min,溶剂用量为样品量的100倍,系统精密度良好,有良好的重复性,至少在12 h内稳定,加样回收较好,测得药材中绿原酸平均含量为1.372 7 mg/g（n=3）,RSD=1.99%。。结论结果可为结血蒿生药鉴定、相关质量标准的提高、资源开发利用提供依据。     

Effects of aqueous extracts from Quercus ilex L. root bark, Punica granatum L. fruit peel and Artemisia herba-alba Asso leaves on ethanol-induced gastric damage in rats

The gastroprotective effect of tannic acid and the aqueous extract of Quercus ilex L. root bark, Punica granatum L. fruit peel and Artemisia herba-alba Asso leaves was investigated in the rat against ethanol-induced damage. Tannic acid, Q. ilex and P. granatum extracts gave 100% precipitation of ovine haemoglobin in vitro, whereas A. herba-alba extract was devoid of any protein-binding property. Oral administration of these plant extracts or tannic acid induced a significant decrease in gastric lesions (47.7%-76%). The observed protection was more pronounced when the test solution was given at the same time with ethanol, except for Q. ilex extract. The acid content of the stomach was significantly increased by P. granatum (368%) and A. herba-alba (251%) extracts prepared in ethanol. It is suggested that monomeric and polymeric polyphenols can strengthen the gastric mucosal barrier.