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Ethnopharmacological relevance
Total saponins of Panax notoginseng (tPNS), main constituents extracted from Panax Notoginseng, a highly valued traditional Chinese medicine, has been shown to increase protein expression and the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.Aims of the study
The effects of tPNS on angiogenesis were studied in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs).Materials and methods
rBMSCs were stimulated by tPNS of 48 h. The mRNA expression levels of VEGF-A, Flt-1 and Kdr in rBMSCs were determined by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR). rBMSCs were induced to differentiate into endothelial-like cells and the effects of tPNS on the angiogenesis ability of rBMSCs and rBMSCs after endothelial differentiation were assayed by a Matrigel model in vivo and in vitro.Results
tPNS (100 μg/ml) significantly enhanced the mRNA expression level of VEGF-A and Kdr compared to the control group, while they had no obvious effect on the expression of Flt-1. tPNS (1 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml) significantly increased capillary network forming of rBMSCs after endothelial differentiation in Matrigel in vitro. tPNS (50 μg/kg, 100 μg/kg and 150 μg/kg) also significantly increased angiogenesis induced by the combination with implantation of rBMSCs and Matrigel in vivo.Conclusion
tPNS up-regulate VEGF-A and Kdr expression, and promote angiogenesis in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. 相似文献3.
Aim of the study
The aim of the study was to evaluate the antihyperglycaemic activity of aqueous (PPSB-AQE) and petroleum ether (PPSB-PEE) extract of stem bark Pongamia pinnata in alloxan induced diabetic mice.Materials and methods
Diabetes was induced in mice by alloxan (80 mg/kg, i.v.). After acute and subacute treatment serum glucose was determined. OGTT was performed in PPSB-PEE pretreated animals.Results
PPSB-PEE (25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) showed significant reduction in serum glucose level in acute and subacute studies. The antihyperglycaemic effects of PPSBPE (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) showed onset at 2 h and peak effect at 6 h and the effect was sustained until 24th h with 400 mg/kg. In subacute study, antihyperglycaemic effect was observed on 21st day. In PPSBPE treated mice the body weight was not reduced in contrast to that in vehicle group. In OGTT, increased glucose utilization was observed.Conclusions
It is concluded that PPSB-PEE but not PPSB-AQE showed antihyperglycaemic activity. 相似文献4.
Aim of the study
To investigate antidiabetic effect of the leaves of Combretum micranthum G. Don, a medicinal plant used for treating diabetes in Northwestern Nigeria.Materials and methods
Three doses (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) of the aqueous leaf extract of Combretum micranthum were administered to normal glucose loaded, subdiabetic and diabetic rats.Results
Of the doses tested, 100 mg/kg of the extract was the most effective. It produces a significant hypoglycaemic and antidiabetic activity comparable to the effect of standard drug (0.6 mg/kg glibenclemide).Conclusion
This study demonstrated the potential antidiabetic property of aqueous leaf extract of Combretum micranthum thus justifying its traditional usage. 相似文献5.
Ethnopharmacological relevance
In African traditional medicine, water decoction made from the dry seeds of Hunteria umbellata (K. Schum) Hallier f. is highly valued in the management of diabetes mellitus.Aim
In the present study, the antihyperglycaemic activity of the seed aqueous extract of Hunteria umbellate (K. Schum) Hallier f. (HU) was investigated in alloxan-induced, high fructose- and dexamethasone-induced hyperglycaemic rats.Materials and methods
Alloxan-induced, dexamethasone-induced and high fructose-induced hyperglycaemic rats were treated with single, daily oral administration of 1 mg/kg of glibenclamide, 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of HU in Groups III, IV, V and VI, for 14 days, 21 days and 8 weeks, respectively. The effects of these drugs on FBG, free plasma insulin levels, HbA1c, serum TG and TC, and insulin resistance indices were investigated.Results
Data generated in the current study showed that glibenclamide and graded oral doses of HU caused significant dose related (p < 0.05, <0.01 and <0.001) reductions in FBG when compared to the values obtained for the model control (Group II) rats. Similarly, daily oral administration of 66.7 g/kg fructose to rats for 8 weeks was associated with significant (p < 0.001) hyperglycaemia, elevations in plasma HbA1c, free insulin, fasting insulin resistance indices, serum TG, and cholesterol. However, concomitant oral treatments with 1 mg/kg of glibenclamide, 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg of HU extract significantly and dose dependently (p < 0.05, <0.01 and <0.001) attenuated development of hyperglycaemia, decreased levels of plasma HbA1c, free insulin, and serum triglyceride and cholesterol, in the Groups III, IV, V and VI rats, respectively, when compared to fructose-induced hyperglycaemic (Group II) rats. Similar effect was also recorded in the dexamethasone-induced hyperglycaemic rats.Conclusion
Results of this study suggest that the hypoglycaemic and antihyperlipidaemic effects of HU are mediated via enhanced peripheral glucose uptake and improvements in hyperinsulinaemia. 相似文献6.
Eun-Jin Kim Il-Hoon Jung Thi Kim Van Le Jin-Ju Jeong Nam-Jae Kim Dong-Hyun Kim 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2013
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Panax ginseng (family Araliaceae) is traditionally used as a remedy for cancer, inflammation, stress and aging.Aim of study
To explore whether ginsenosides Rg5 and Rh3, the main constituents of heat-processed ginseng (the root of Panax ginseng), could protect memory deficit.Materials and methods
We isolated ginsenosides Rh3 and Rg5 from heated-processed ginseng treated with and without human feces, respectively. Then we investigated their protective effects on memory impairment using the passive avoidance, Y-maze and Morris water maze tasks in mice. Memory deficit was induced in mice by the intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine.Results
Ginsenosides Rg5 or Rh3 increased the latency time reduced by scopolamine in passive avoidance test. Treatment with ginsenoside Rg5 or Rh3 significantly reversed the lowered spontaneous alteration induced by scopolamine in Y-maze task. Ginsenoisde Rg5 or Rh3 (10 mg/kg) significantly shortened the escape latencies prolonged by treatment with scopolamine on the last day of training trial sessions in Morris water maze task. Furthermore, ginsenosides Rg5 and Rh3 inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 18.4 and 10.2 μM, respectively. The inhibitory potency of ginsenoside Rh3 is comparable with that of donepezil (IC50=9.9 μM). These ginsenosides also reversed hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation reduced by scopolamine. Of them, ginsenoside Rh3 more potently protected memory deficit.Conclusions
Ginsenoside Rg5 and its metabolite ginsenoside Rh3 may protect memory deficit by inhibiting AChE activity and increasing BDNF expression and CREB activation. 相似文献7.
Hua Li Chang-Qing Deng Bei-Yang Chen Shu-Ping Zhang Yan Liang Xue-Gang Luo 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2009
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Total saponins of Panax notoginseng (TSPN), main constituents extracted from Panax Notoginseng, a highly valued traditional Chinese medicine, have been shown to be an effective agent on cerebral infarction.Aim of the study
The effects of TSPN on apoptosis and expressions of caspase-1, caspase-3 and caspase-8 were studied after cerebral ischemia for 2 h followed by reperfusion for 46 h in rats.Materials and methods
Rats were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model using the intraluminal thread. TSPN was administered intraperitoneally at 5 min before and 12 h, 24 h and 36 h after MCAO, respectively.Results
TSPN (at the dose of 25 mg/kg) significantly attenuated TUNEL-positive cells and reduced the expression of caspase-1 and caspase-3 compared to the model group, while it had no obvious effect on the expression of caspase-8.Conclusions
The neuroprotective effect of TSPN on focal ischemia may be related to inhibition of apoptosis and caspases activation. 相似文献8.
Shipra Gupta Suman Bala Sharma Surendra Kumar Bansal Krishna Madhava Prabhu 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2009
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Cassia auriculata L. (Caesalpiniaceae) is widely used from ancient period to treat diabetes mellitus. The leaves of Cassia auriculata are having potential in the development of drug for diabetes due to its antihyperglycemic and lipid-lowering activity.Aim of the study
The present study was to evaluate antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic activity of aqueous extract of Cassia auriculata leaves (CLEt) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced mild diabetic (MD) and severe diabetic (SD) rats.Materials and methods
Male Albino rats were rendered diabetic by STZ (45 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). CLEt was orally administered to MD and SD rats at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg doses for 1 day to determine antihyperglycemic activity. The 400 mg/kg dose was administered daily for 3 weeks to assess glycemic control and hypolipidemic effect.Results
CLEt showed dose dependant fall in fasting blood glucose (FBG). After 5 h of extract administration at 400 mg/kg dose, FBG was reduced by 13.9% and 17.4% in MD and SD rats respectively. After 3 weeks treatment, CLEt produced significant reduction in FBG and glycosylated haemoglobin (GHb) in both MD and SD rats. Serum lipid levels were reversed towards normal in extract fed MD and SD rats.Conclusions
The results demonstrate that CLEt possesses potent antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic activity in both MD and SD rats. 相似文献9.
Ethnopharmacological relevance
The root of Panax ginseng C.A. Mey has various beneficial pharmacological effects. The present study aimed to evaluate the analgesic activities of glycoproteins from the root of Panax ginseng C.A. Mey in mice.Materials and methods
Glycoproteins were isolated and purified from the root of Panax ginseng C.A. Mey. Physicochemical properties and molecular mass were determined by chemical assay and HPLC. Acetic acid-induced writhing and hot-plate tests were employed to study the analgesic effect of glycoproteins and compared with that of aspirin or morphine. The locomotor activity was tested in mice by using actophometer.Results
Four glycoproteins were obtained. The glycoproteins which protein content was the highest (73.04%) displayed dose-dependent analgesic effect. In writhing test, the glycoproteins significantly inhibited writhes (P<0.001) at the dose of 20 mg/kg by intraperitoneal injection. In hot-plate test, only at the dose of 20 mg/kg prolong the hot-plate latency (P<0.05, at 30 min). In the locomotor activity test, the glycoproteins were significant decrease of motility counts at the dose of 20 and 40 mg/kg.Conclusion
These findings collectively indicate that the glycoproteins from the root of Panax ginseng C.A. Mey exhibited significant analgesic activities and the proteins were the active site, providing evidence for its pharmacal use. 相似文献10.
Shu-Yan Han Hai-Xia Li Xu Ma Ke Zhang Zhi-Zhong Ma Yong Jiang Peng-Fei Tu 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2013
Ethnopharmacological relevance
The decoction of combined Panax notoginseng (Burk) F.H. Chen and Carthamus tinctorius L. has a history of use in traditional medicine for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as angina pectoris and myocardial infarction.Aim of the study
In this study, we investigated the effects of individual herbal extracts and combined extracts on anti-myocardial ischemia injuries in vivo, and determined the proper dosage of Panax notoginseng (EPN) combined with Carthamus tinctorius (ECT) that could strengthen their cardio-protective effects. Meanwhile, their potential anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammation effect were assessed.Material and Methods
SD rats were orally given individual EPN 50, 100 mg/kg, ECT 100, 200 mg/kg, and different combinations between them. Myocardial infarction was produced by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 24 h. Infarct area was determined with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. The biomarkers related to myocardial ischemia injury were determined. Simultaneously, hemodynamic parameters were monitored as left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and maximal rate of increase and decrease of left ventricular pressure (dP/dtmax). The oxidative stress indicators and inflammatory factors were also evaluated.Results
The results showed EPN or ECT significantly reduced infarct size, improved cardiac function, decreased levels of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (all P<0.05 vs. control ). EPN or ECT alone also restrained the oxidative stress related to myocardial ischemia injury as evidenced by decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (all P<0.05 vs. control). However, this cardio-protective effect was further strengthened by their combinations. Among all the combinations, EPN 50 mg/kg plus ECT 200 mg/kg showed predominant potential to reduce infarct size (22.21±1.72%, P<0.05 vs. each single, respectively), preserve cardiac function (P<0.05 vs. ECT 200 mg/kg for LVEDP and −dP/dtmax) after myocardial ischemia injury in rats. This heart protection was confirmed with the lowered cardiac troponin I (cTnI) (P<0.05 vs. ECT 200 mg/kg and EPN 50 mg/kg, respectively). Oxidative stress and inflammation are the two key factors in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia injury. In the present study, EPN 50 mg/kg plus ECT 200 mg/kg markedly increased SOD and GSH-Px activity (475.30±23.60 U/ml, P<0.05 vs. each single, respectively), while elevated MDA level was significantly depressed. Meanwhile, the inflammatory cascade was inhibited as evidenced by decreased cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β).Conclusion
These results demonstrated EPN, ECT and their combinations exhibited significant cardio-protective effects. The findings suggest EPN combined with ECT may be therapeutically more useful for ameliorating anti-myocardial ischemia injuries than individual herbal extract, and EPN 50 mg/kg plus ECT 200 mg/kg is the appropriate combination in the present research. The cardio-protective effect of this combination was achieved partially by decreasing oxidative stress and repressing inflammatory cascade. 相似文献11.
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M.S. Brandão S.S. Pereira D.F. Lima J.P.C. Oliveira E.L.F. Ferreira M.H. Chaves F.R.C. Almeida 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2013
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Lecythis pisonis Camb., also known in Brazil as sapucaia, is used in folk medicine against pruritus, muscle pain and gastric ulcer.Aim of the study
To investigate the antinociceptive effect of ethanol extract from Lecythis pisonis leaves (LPEE), fractions (hexane-LPHF, ether-LPEF and ethyl acetate-LPEAF) and mixture of triterpenes [ursolic and oleanolic acids (MT)] in mice.Materials and methods
LPEE and LPEF were evaluated on the acetic acid induced writhings and formalin, capsaicin and glutamate tests. In addition, MT was investigated on the writhings induced by acetic acid, capsaicin and glutamate tests. In the study of some possible mechanisms involved on the antinociceptive effect of LPEF, it was investigated the participation of opioid system, K+ATP channels and l-arginine-nitric oxide pathway.Results
LPEE (12.5 and 25 mg/kg, p.o.), LPEF and MT (6.25, 12.5 and 25 mg/kg, p.o.) reduced the writhings in comparison to saline. LPEE (100 mg/kg, p.o.) and LPEF (50 mg/kg, p.o.) were effective in inhibiting both phases of formalin test. In capsaicin test, LPEE (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.), LPEF (12.5–50 mg/kg, p.o) and MT (6.25–25 mg/kg, p.o.) showed a significant antinociceptive effect compared to the control. LPEE (25 and 50 mg/kg, p.o.), LPEF (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) and MT (12.5 and 25 mg/kg, p.o.) reduced the glutamate-evoked nociceptive response. Treatment with naloxone, l-arginine and glibenclamide reversed the effect of LPEF in glutamate test.Conclusions
These results indicate the antinociceptive effect of Lecythis pisonis leaves and suggest that this effect may be related to opioid pathway, K+ATP channels, and l-arginine-nitric oxide modulation. Furthermore, these data support the ethnomedical use of this plant. 相似文献13.
Bina S. Siddiqui Mashooda Hasan Farah Mairaj Iffat Mehmood Rahman Md. Hafizur Abdul Hameed Zabta Khan Shinwari 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2014
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Bergenia himalaica Boriss is mainly distributed in the temperate Himalayas between altitudes of 900 and 3000 m ranging from the southeastern regions in central Asia and northern regions in South Asia. The plant has a long history of its use in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases such as diabetes, urinary complaints, kidney stones, hemorrhagic diseases and epilepsy. The aim of this study is to isolate pure compounds from Bergenia himalaica Boriss, elucidate their structures and determine their blood glucose lowering activity to obtain additional scientific evidence for its usage in traditional medicine for the management of diabetes.Materials and methods
The crude methanolic extract from the aerial parts of Bergenia himalaica Boriss was separated into EtOAc and water sub-extracts and the EtOAc sub-extract was further divided into petroleum ether soluble and insoluble fractions. The pet-ether insoluble fraction was subjected to fractionation through column chromatography followed by prep. TLC. The blood glucose lowering activity of the 2 new compounds was evaluated in streptozotocin–nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. Additionally, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was measured on isolated mice islets.Results
Two new compounds bergenicin and bergelin were isolated and their structures determined on the basis of spectral analysis. Significant decrease of blood glucose was observed at 1-h (1.0 mg/kg) and 2-h (0.5 mg/kg), after bergenicin administration to the diabetic rats and at 2-h (1.0 mg/kg) and 3-h (0.5 mg/kg), after bergelin administration. Bergenicin, but not bergelin, enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in isolated pancreatic islets.Conclusions
In the present studies two new compounds, bergenicin and bergelin were isolated from Bergenia himalaica Boriss and their structures were elucidated. Both the compounds showed anti-hyperglycemic effects in streptozotocin–nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. Bergenicin showed insulinotropic effect; suggesting that the anti-hyperglycemic effect is mostly due to enhancement of insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. 相似文献14.
Aik-Jiang Lau Ding-Fung Toh Tung-Kian Chua Yun-Keng Pang Soo-On Woo Hwee-Ling Koh 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2009
Ethnopharmacological significance
Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen (Araliacea) is traditionally used for its hemostatic and cardiovascular effects when raw and as a tonic when steamed.Aim of the study
This study aims to compare the effects of raw and steamed Panax notoginseng, Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer and Panax quinquefolium Linn. on platelet aggregation and plasma coagulation.Materials and methods
Effects on collagen-induced platelet aggregation were investigated using a platelet aggregometer, while the plasma coagulation times (prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time) were determined using a blood coagulation analyzer. The data was corroborated with ex vivo platelet aggregation and in vivo rat bleeding time.Results
Raw and steamed Panax notoginseng significantly inhibit platelet aggregation and plasma coagulation. Steamed Panax notoginseng has significantly more potent antiplatelet and anticoagulant effects than the raw extract, and the antiplatelet and anticoagulant effects increase with increasing steaming durations. Comparing the three common Panax species, Panax notoginseng has higher antiplatelet effect than Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolium. The in vitro antiplatelet and anticoagulant effects are positively translated into a prolongation of in vivo rat bleeding time after oral administration of the raw and steamed extracts.Conclusion
The results indicate that the three common Panax species affect platelet aggregation and plasma coagulation differently, with steamed Panax notoginseng showing the greatest antiplatelet and anticoagulant effects. Panax notoginseng may be a good source of lead compounds for novel antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapeutics. 相似文献15.
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Lecaniodiscus cupanioides is widely used in West African folk medicine for the treatment of inflammatory conditions, fevers and bacterial infections.Aim of the study
To evaluate the potential toxic effects of the ethanolic dried leaf extract of Lecaniodiscus cupanioides (LC) on antioxidant enzymes in selected organs and biochemical parameters.Materials and Methods
Crude ethanolic extract of Lecaniodiscus cupanioides dried leaves was prepared. A 90-day sub-chronic toxicity study was conducted using albino rats. Reconstituted Lecaniodiscus cupanioides was administered at a dosage of 400, 800 and 1600 mg/kg (high dose) with a control group receiving 10 ml/kg orally. Histopathological studies of major organs and blood chemistry analysis were performed on blood obtained via cardiac puncture after euthanization. Selected organs (liver, kidney and brain) were harvested for antioxidant and histopathological assessments.Results
The extract produced significant (p<0.05) increases in the weights of liver, kidney and brain at 800 mg/kg and 1600 mg/kg compared to the control. Biochemical analysis showed significant increase in Alanine transferase (ALT) at 800 mg/kg and 1600 mg/kg. Assay for antioxidant enzymes showed a reversible decrease in the activity of Catalase (CAT), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione (GSH) with an increase in Malondialdehyde (MDA) at 800 mg/kg and 1600 mg/kg Lecaniodiscus cupanioides. Histopathological study showed reversible congestion in the brain, liver, and kidney at 800 mg/kg and 1600 mg/kg.Conclusion
Findings in this study reveal that the ethanolic dried leaf extract of Lecaniodiscus cupanioides has the potential for inhibiting in vivo antioxidant enzymes activity and causing hepatotoxicity after prolonged exposure. 相似文献16.
Aim of the study
This experiment studied two extracts of Opuntia streptacantha, a plant used by the Mexican population to treat type 2 diabetes, in different assays to contribute to the understanding of the hypoglycemic mechanism of this plant.Materials and methods
Two different extracts were prepared and tested: the first extract was a filtrate of the traditional liquefied extract (LE) preparation of the cladode; and the second filtrate extract (FE) is a filtered sample of the first. Both extracts contained a newly identified compound for Opuntia (4-hydroxy)-phenyl acetic acid derivate, they were tested on streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats in a series of two tests. The first test was performed to confirm if STZ-diabetic rats presented a hypoglycemic effect after administration of the extracts (LE 135 mg/kg and FE 27 mg/kg). In the second experiment, the extracts were administered before an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to confirm if they have an anti-hyperglycemic effect (LE 135 mg/kg, FE 12 and 27 mg/kg).Results
The extracts administered to STZ-diabetic rats did not produce a significant hypoglycemic effect compared to the control group, while the same extracts administered before an OGTT produced an anti-hyperglycemic effect compared to the control group.Conclusions
The filtered, traditional LE of the cladode of Opuntia streptacantha produces an anti-hyperglycemic effect when administered before a glucose challenge, and this anti-hyperglycemic effect is maintained after filtering the extract.Administration of both plants can improve glycemic control by blocking the hepatic glucose output, especially in the fasting state. These data support the traditional use of the plants as “agua de uso”, a cold infusion of the plant consumed over the course of a day. 相似文献17.
Yuan Z Liao Y Tian G Li H Jia Y Zhang H Tan Z Li X Deng W Liu K Zhang Y 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2011,138(1):150-155
Ethnopharmacological significance
Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are ingredients extracted from traditional Chinese medicinal herb Panax notoginseng. It has been demonstrated that PNS have extensive effects on the cardiovascular system, including inhibition of platelet aggregation, increasing blood flow, improving left ventricular diastolic function in hypertensive patients and anti-inflammatory effect.Aim of study
Recent researches indicated that PNS administration inhibited foam cells’ formation. The present study was designed to study the effects of PNS on atherogenesis and to explore the relevant molecular mechanisms.Materials and methods
The Zymosan A induced atherosclerosis models were used to investigate the anti-atherosclerosis effects of PNS. The integrin express array was used to check the changes of integrins. The foam cell formation was observed with transmission electron microscope. The effect of PNS on phosphorylation of FAK on threonine 397 and protein level of NF-κB was also evaluated in vitro.Results
PNS treated rats had less plaque spots on the aortas compared with Zym induced group. The formation of foam cell was inhibited by PNS. Compared with Zym treated group, the expression of most integrin families decreased except Itgav and Itgb2 after PNS treatment. PNS inhibited phosphorylation of FAK on threonine 397 and translocation of NF-κB.Conclusion
High fat diet together with Zym induces atherogenesis of rat. PNS inhibits zymosan A induced atherogenesis by suppressing FAK phosphorylation, integrins expression and NF-κB translocation. 相似文献18.
Priscila de Souza Sandra Crestani Rita de Cássia Vilhena da Silva Francielli Gasparotto Cândida Aparecida Leite Kassuya José Eduardo da Silva-Santos Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2013
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae), popularly known as “mil-folhas”, is well recognized and widely used in Brazilian folk medicine to treat heart and kidney disorders. Among its popularly described effects are diuretic and hypotensive actions.Aim of the study
The diuretic activity of Achillea millefolium L. extracts and its semi-purified fractions, as well as the mechanisms involved, were evaluated in male Wistar rats.Material and methods
An aqueous extract (AEAM, 125–500 mg/kg), hydroethanolic extract (HEAM, 30–300 mg/kg), dichloromethane subfractions (DCM-2, 10 and 30 mg/kg), or hydrochlorothiazide (10 mg/kg), were orally administered and the animals were kept in metabolic cages for 8 h for urine collection. To evaluate the involvement of bradykinin and prostaglandins in the diuretic action of Achillea millefolium, selected groups of rats received HOE-140 (1.5 mg/kg, i.p.) or indomethacin (5 mg/kg, p.o.), before treatment with a DCM-2 subfraction (30 mg/kg). The urinary volume, conductivity, pH, density and electrolyte excretion were measured.Results
Similar to hydrochlorothiazide, both HEAM and DCM-2, but not AEAM, increased urinary volume and the excretion of Na+ and K+ when compared with the control group (vehicle). The diuretic effect of DCM-2 was abolished by HOE-140 (a bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist), as well as by indomethacin (a cyclooxygenase inhibitor).Conclusion
The present study reveals that extracts obtained from Achillea millefolium are able to effectively increase diuresis when orally administered in rats. This effect depends on both the activation of bradykinin B2 receptors and the activity of cyclooxygenases. 相似文献19.
Mary Carmen García-Galicia Eleuterio Burgueño-Tapia Andrés Romero-Rojas Julio César García-Zebadúa Jorge Cornejo-Garrido Cynthia Ordaz-Pichardo 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2014
Ethopharmacological relevance
Arracacia tolucensis is a medicinal plant used in northeast of Mexico as a remedy to treat people with Diabetes mellitus (DM); however, there are no scientific studies that support this information. Thus, we evaluated the anti-hyperglycemic effect of the hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts from aerial parts in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Materials and methods
DM was induced in Wistar male rats by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ 50 mg/kg). After STZ-induction, hyperglycemic rats were treated with all three extracts orally at a single dose (250 mg/kg) each 48 h for 21 days. Glibenclamide (1 mg/kg) was used as a reference drug. The fasting blood glucose levels, the hematic biometry and biochemical profiles, and the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines expression were estimated. Histopathology analysis of pancreas, liver, spleen, and kidney tissue was carried out.Results
Ours results showed that ethyl acetate extract decreased blood glucose levels significantly (75%, p< 0.05) when compared to diabetic rats and controlled the body weight loss; the lipids level did not change, but the enzyme levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase decreased significantly (60.83% and 66.16%, respectively, p< 0.05) and inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokines,with respect to diabetic rats. Histopathology injury was not observed; by contrast repair of islet of Langerhans was exhibited.Conclusion
These results validate the use of Arracacia tolucensis as a treatment against DM and suggests it is suitable to continue studies for its safe therapeutic use. 相似文献20.
Sebastian Rinaldi Davi O. Silva Fabiana Bello Celuta S. Alviano Daniela S. Alviano Maria Eline Matheus Patricia D. Fernandes 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2009