One-year follow-up after incisional hernia treatment: results of a prospective randomized study

Background  

The incidence of incisional hernia after midline laparotomies ranges from 10 to 20%. The recurrence rate after this hernia surgery varies from 25 to 52% using autogenous tissue. The use of prosthetic meshes can decrease the postoperative hernia recurrence by up to 10%. The aim of this prospective randomized clinical study was to analyze and compare the results of three different incisional hernia surgical techniques.     

Laparoscopic versus hybrid approach for treatment of incisional ventral hernia: a prospective randomized multicenter study of 1-month follow-up results

Purpose

The seroma rate following laparoscopic incisional ventral hernia repair (LIVHR) is up to 78%. LIVHR is connected to a relatively rare but dangerous complication, enterotomy, especially in cases with complex adhesiolysis. Closure of the fascial defect and extirpation of the hernia sack may reduce the risk of seromas and other hernia-site events. Our aim was to evaluate whether hybrid operation has a lower rate of the early complications compared to the standard LIVHR.

Methods

This is a multicenter randomized-controlled clinical trial. From November 2012 to May 2015, 193 patients undergoing LIVHR for primary incisional hernia with fascial defect size from 2 to 7 cm were recruited in 11 Finnish hospitals. Patients were randomized to either a laparoscopic (LG) or to a hybrid (HG) repair group. The outcome measures were the incidence of clinically and radiologically detected seromas and their extent 1 month after surgery, peri/postoperative complications, and pain.

Results

Bulging was observed by clinical evaluation in 46 (49%) LG patients and in 27 (31%) HG patients (p?=?0.022). Ultrasound examination detected more seromas (67 vs. 45%, p?=?0.004) and larger seromas (471 vs. 112 cm³, p?=?0.025) after LG than after HG. In LG, there were 5 (5.3%) enterotomies compared to 1 (1.1%) in HG (p?=?0.108). Adhesiolysis was more complex in LG than in HG (26.6 vs. 13.3%, p?=?0.028). Patients in HG had higher pain scores on the first postoperative day (VAS 5.2 vs. 4.3, p?=?0.019).

Conclusion

Closure of the fascial defect and extirpation of the hernia sack reduce seroma formation. In hybrid operations, the risk of enterotomy seems to be lower than in laparoscopic repair, which should be considered in cases with complex adhesions.

Clinical trial number

NCT02542085.

     

Risk factors for umbilical trocar site incisional hernia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective 3-year follow-up study

BackgroundTrocar site incisional hernia (TSIH) is a common complication after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of TSIH and analyze the influence of several risk factors for this complication in a prospective series.MethodsFrom 2007 to 2008, a prospective observational study with 3 years of follow-up was performed including all consecutive patients with cholelithiasis who underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A multivariate analysis was performed to identify risk factors for TSIH.ResultsOverall, 241 patients were included. During a median follow-up period of 46.8 months, 57 patients (25.9%) were diagnosed with umbilical TSIH by physical exam or ultrasound. The multivariate analysis revealed that incision enlargement (odds ratio [OR], 14.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.61 to 55.51; P < .001), wound infection (OR, 5.62; 95% CI, 2.35 to 13.42; P < .001), diabetes mellitus (OR, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.05 to 7.37; P = .0038), and obesity (OR, 2.71; 95% CI, 1.28 to 5.75; P = .009) contributed to the risk for developing a TSIH.ConclusionsUmbilical TSIH is highly prevalent. This study identified several factors that could be useful to introduce preventive measures in high-risk patients.     

Comparison of laparoscopic and open repair of incisional and primary ventral hernia: results of a prospective randomized study

Background Incisional hernia is an important complication of abdominal surgery. Its repair has progressed from a primary suture repair to various mesh repairs and laparoscopic repair. Laparoscopic mesh repair is a promising alternative, and in the absence of consensus, needs prospective randomized controlled trials. Methods Between April 2003 and April 2005, 66 patients with incisional, primary ventral and recurrent hernias were randomized to receive either open retrorectus mesh repair or laparoscopic mesh repair. These patients were followed up at 1-, 3-, and 6-month intervals thereafter for a mean of 12.17 months (open repair group) and 13.73 months (laparoscopic repair group). Results Lower abdominal hernias after gynecologic operations constituted the majority of the hernias (∼50%) in both groups. There was no significant injury to viscera or vessel in either group and no conversions. The defect size was 42.12 cm² in the open (group 1) and 65.66 cm² in the laparoscopic group (group 2), and the prosthesis sizes were, respectively, 152.67 cm² and 203.83 cm². The hospital stay was 3.43 days in open group and 1.47 days in laparoscopic group (p = 0.007). There was no significant difference in the pain scores between the two groups. More wound-related infectious complications occurred in the open group (33%) than in the laparoscopic group (6%) (p = 0.013). There was one recurrence in the open repair group (3%) and two recurrences in laparoscopic group (6%) (p = 0.55). Conclusions Laparoscopic repair of incisional and ventral hernias is superior to open mesh repair in terms of significantly less blood loss, fewer complications, shorter hospital stay, and excellent cosmetic outcome.     

Outcomes of laparoscopic incisional hernia repair: A prospective evaluation

Objective: Although laparoscopic incisional hernioplasty has been gaining in popularity, the best approach for the repair of incisional hernia remains controversial. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the medium‐term outcomes of laparoscopic incisional hernioplasties utilizing onlay GORE‐TEX DualMesh (GORE‐TEX DualMesh Biomaterial; W.L. Gore and Associates, Flagstaff, Arizona, TX, USA). Methodology: Between June 2000 and July 2004, 42 patients underwent laparoscopic incisional hernioplasties at our institution. Perioperative data and postoperative outcomes were collected prospectively and analyzed. Results: Laparoscopic incisional hernioplasty was successfully performed on 39 (93%) patients. Conversion to open repair was required in three patients. The overall mean operative time was 108 min. Sixteen patients (37%) were found to have more than one hernial defect after reduction of the hernial contents. Postoperative morbidity included seroma (n = 8), urinary retention (n = 3), ileus (n = 1), pneumonia (n = 1), fever (n = 1), wound infection (n = 1), and prolonged suture site pain (n = 1) in 13 patients. All these morbidities resolved spontaneously without intervention. Two‐thirds of the patients were discharged within 2 days after surgery. With a median follow up of 2 years, two clinical recurrences (4.8%) were detected. Conclusion: Laparoscopic approach was a safe and efficacious technique for the repair of incisional hernia. Medium‐term outcomes were promising with low postoperative morbidity and recurrence rates. This technique allows clear identification of multiple hernial defects and confers the advantages of minimal access surgery.     

GOALS-incisional hernia: a valid assessment of simulated laparoscopic incisional hernia repair

The Global Operative Assessment of Laparoscopic Skills (GOALS) is a valid and reliable measure of basic, non-procedure-specific laparoscopic skills. GOALS-incisional hernia (GOALS-IH) was developed to evaluate performance of laparoscopic incisional hernia repair (LIHR). The purpose of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of GOALS-IH during LIHR simulation. GOALS-IH assesses 7 domains with a maximum score of 35. A total of 12 experienced surgeons and 10 novices performed LIHR on the Surgical Abdominal Wall simulator. Performance was assessed by a trained observer and by self-assessment using GOALS-IH, basic GOALS and a visual analog scale (VAS) for overall competence. Both interrater reliability and internal consistency were high (.76 and .95 respectively). Experienced surgeons had higher mean GOALS-IH scores than novices (32.3 ± 2 versus 22.7 ± 5). There was excellent correlation between GOALS-IH and other measures of performance (GOALS r = .93 and VAS r = .93). GOALS-IH is easy to use, valid and reliable for assessment of simulated LIHR.     

Evaluation of surgical performance during laparoscopic incisional hernia repair: a multicenter study

Background

Laparoscopic incisional hernia repair (LIHR) is a common procedure requiring advanced laparoscopic skills. This study aimed to develop a procedure-specific tool to assess the performance of LIHR and to evaluate its reliability and validity.

Methods

The Global Operative Assessment of Laparoscopic Skills-Incisional Hernia (GOALS-IH) is a 7-item global rating scale developed by experts to evaluate the steps of LIHR (placement of trocars, adhesiolysis, estimation of mesh size and shape, mesh orientation and positioning, mesh fixation, knowledge and autonomy in use of instruments, overall competence), each rated on a 5-point Likert scale. During LIHR, 13 attending surgeons and fellows experienced in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and 19 novice surgeons (postgraduate years [PGYs], 3?C5) were evaluated at four teaching hospitals by the attending surgeon, a trained observer, and self-assessment using GOALS-IH, and by a previously validated 5-item general laparoscopic rating scale (GOALS). Interrater reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation (ICC), and internal consistency of rating items was assessed by Cronbach??s alpha. Known-groups construct validity was assessed by using the t-test and by correlating of the number of self-reported LIHR cases with the total score. Concurrent validity was assessed by correlating the GOALS-IH score with the GOALS general rating scale. Data are presented as mean and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

Interrater reliability for the total GOALS-IH score was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.60?C0.89) between observers and attending surgeons, 0.81 (95% CI, 0.58?C0.92) between participants and attending surgeons, and 0.89 (95% CI, 0.76?C0.96) between participants and observers. Internal consistency was high (Cronbach??s alpha, 0.93). Experienced surgeons performed significantly better than novices as assessed by GOALS-IH (31; 95% CI, 29?C33 vs. 21; 95% CI, 19?C24; p?<?0.01). Very good correlation was found between GOALS-IH and previous LIHR experience (r?=?0.82; p?<?0.01) and strong correlation between GOALS-IH and generic GOALS total scores (r?=?0.90; p?<?0.01).

Conclusion

Surgical performance during clinical LIHR can be assessed reliably using GOALS-IH. Results can be used to provide formative feedback to the surgeon and to identify steps of the operation that would benefit from specific educational interventions.     

A case controlled study of laparoscopic incisional hernia repair

Background: Although the feasibility of laparoscopic incisional herniorrhaphy has been demonstrated, its advantages over the open technique are still unproven. Methods: Fourteen consecutive laparoscopic incisional hernia repairs were compared with 14 matched controls of the open repair done by the same surgeon at the same institution. The controls were selected by a medical record technician not connected with the study. The cases were selected to match diagnoses, ASA status, and body weight as closely as possible. The outcome data for operating time, blood loss, hospitalization, resumption of oral intake, and postoperative complications were analyzed for statistically significant differences. Results: There was no statistical difference between the two groups in the parameters of blood loss, hospital days, or days to oral intake. The laparoscopic operation took 40% longer. Similar complications were seen in both groups. No mortality or early recurrences occurred in either group. Conclusion: Laparoscopic incisional hernia repair of at least moderate complexity had no demonstrable advantage over the open repair in the present study. Received: 28 April 1998/Accepted: 23 March 1999     

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目的评价腹腔镜下腹壁切口疝修补术的长、短期疗效。方法回顾性分析2006年3月至2011年7月苏州大学附属第二医院普外科41例行腹腔镜下腹壁切口疝修补术的临床资料。结果 41例切口疝均在腹腔镜下完成修补,手术时间45～150min,平均60min,术后住院时间3～16d,平均6d,术后随访2～65个月,平均25.6个月。发生血清肿4例,术后疼痛8例(术后3～6周缓解),补片感染1例,复发2例。结论腹腔镜腹壁切口疝修补术具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少及复发率低等优点,是一种安全有效的手术方式。     

Open and laparoscopic approach in incisional hernia repair with ePTFE prosthesis

BACKGROUND: The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the results of incisional hernia laparoscopic and open surgery, focusing on the morbidity and postoperative implications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A group of 106 (42 men, 64 women) patients suffering from incisional hernias were treated with either a laparoscopic (30) or an open (76) placement of a prosthetic mesh between January 1997 and December 2004. The age and gender of the patients, the size and type of the mesh, operation note, the length of postoperative hospital stay, and morbidity were recorded. RESULTS: An expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) mesh was used in 103 patients, whereas a polypropylene mesh was used in 3 patients. In the open technique, 3 patients with the ePTFE prosthetic material developed a mesh infection and required a mesh removal, which was easily performed under local anesthesia. Moreover, 2 patients from the same group developed a hernia recurrence. As for the laparoscopic approach, the only complication observed was one hernia recurrence. Finally, it should be mentioned that 1 patient with a polypropylene mesh developed a colocutaneous fistula. CONCLUSIONS: The benefits of the laparoscopic mesh technique, compared to the open technique, include a shorter hospital stay, less postoperative pain, and possibly, a reduction in wound and mesh complications. Regarding the recurrence rate, the two techniques show similar results.     

IPOM plus versus IPOM standard in incisional hernia repair: results of a prospective multicenter trial

Hernia - Laparoscopic ventral hernia repair is a well-established technique with satisfying outcomes even at long term for the treatment of incisional and ventral hernia. However, the literature...     

Retromuscular sutured incisional hernia repair: a randomized controlled trial to compare open and laparoscopic approach

To compare the early and intermediate results of the open and laparoscopic tension-free repair of incisional hernia, 24 patients were randomized prospectively to undergo laparoscopic or open repair of incisional hernia with retromuscular placement of the prosthesis using transabdominal sutures for mesh fixation. All the procedures were completed as planned. The mean duration of surgery was not significantly different between the 2 groups (P=0.15). Time to oral solid food intake was longer in the open group (P=0.002). The analgesic requirement was lower in the laparoscopic group (P=0.05). One patient after open surgery and 2 in the laparoscopic group suffered postoperative complications (P=0.71). Postoperative stay was shorter in the laparoscopic group (P=0.006). No readmission or recurrence was registered within 6 months from surgery in either group. Laparoscopic incisional hernia repair, based on the Rives-Stoppa technique, is a safe, feasible alternative to open techniques. However, larger studies and long-term follow-up are required to further evaluate the true effectiveness of this operation.     

Occult hernias detected by laparoscopic totally extra-peritoneal inguinal hernia repair: a prospective study

Background  

One distinct advantage of laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair is the opportunity for clear visualization of the direct, indirect, femoral, obturator and other groin spaces. The aim of this study was to examine/assess the potential of the laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) inguinal hernia repair method in detecting unexpected additional hernias.     

腹腔镜切口疝修补术32例

目的 总结腹壁切口疝的病因、手术方式,预防切口疝并发症的发生。方法 回顾性分析2012年1月至2013年12月,河北省赤城县人民医院收治的腹壁切口疝患者32例,对病因、手术方式、手术时间等临床资料进行分析和总结。结果 32例患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间45—220min,平均（115±9）min;术后住院4～15d,平均（7±1）d。补片感染6例,局部换药1个月未愈,后经取出补片后治愈。血清肿6例,经局部穿刺抽液后治愈。膨出2例,因腹部不适症状明显而再次行腹腔镜切口疝修补术（LVHR）,术后随访16个月,无再次膨出。腹壁钉合区域疼痛9例,均予止痛药治疗,3—6周后基本缓解。术后随访2～36个月,无复发。结论 LVHR具有手术时间短、恢复快、术后并发症少、复发率低等优势。随着腹腔镜技术的普及,LVHR将会为更多患者所接受。     

腹腔镜切口疝修补手术流程

<正>【内容简介】随着腹部手术量逐年增加,手术切口愈合不良导致的术后切口疝、造口疝也明显增多。相对于原发腹股沟疝甚至复发疝,腹壁疝手术难度都较高。随着腹腔镜技术的发展,疝和腹壁外科在腹腔镜方面也有了较广泛的应用。在腹壁疝治疗中,腹腔镜技术成为许多临床医师的首选术式。理论上可以接受全麻开放修补手术的     

腹腔镜下腹壁切口疝修补术15例

目的探讨腹腔镜下应用补片行腹壁切口疝修补术的方法、安全性及临床疗效。方法2008年5月至2009年5月,对15例腹壁切口疝进行腹腔镜下补片修补术。结果14例腹腔镜下行腹腔粘连松解和补片固定,顺利完成切口疝修补手术;1例因肠管与腹壁及疝环致密粘连而中转开放切口疝修补术。术后腹壁修补区域疼痛10例(71.4%),疝环和补片间出现浆液肿4例(28.6%),无肠瘘和死亡病例,未发生手术相关的感染。术后随访3～12个月,平均7.5个月,未见复发。结论在腹腔镜下行腹腔粘连松解,采用疝钉合器与缝线贯穿腹壁全层固定补片可以修补大多数腹壁切口疝,同时还可以发现其他的隐匿性疝,是一种安全、有效的微创手术方法,值得临床推广。