中国古代菌斑控制措施及用具源流略考

中国古代人民已经认识到口腔卫生的重要性，从春秋战国时期开始，人们已有漱口、剔牙等口腔清洁措施。外来的佛教文化对我国的菌斑控制措施的发展起过非常重要的作用。汉代起，部分僧侣用杨枝清洁口腔卫生，并注意到了口腔卫生与口腔疾患间的关系。从辽代开始，我国已经开始使用并制造植毛牙刷。在宋代，植毛牙刷、牙粉等菌斑控制用具已经商品化。综上所述，我国是世界上最早使用药物制剂漱口，最早使用并制造牙签、植毛牙刷、牙粉等菌斑控制用具的国家之一，在世界牙周病学的发展史上有着重要的地位。     

不要轻易否认经络的物质基础

经络理论是中医学理论的核心组成部分,也是指导针灸、按摩、导引以及临床各科的理论基础.从上世纪70年代起,经络研究就一直成为科学家们关注的焦点.经络是否真的存在?它的实质或物质基础是什么?诸多悬而未决的问题使世界神经、生物各界精英以及无数中医人士为之探索和努力,但同时也有一部分人因为经络还没有发现被大家所公认的物质基础而否认经络的存在,认为经络是玄学,甚而被人称之为伪科学.孰是孰非,对此问题应该怎样进行分析、判断?明而言之,我们应该如何看待"经络还没有发现物质基础"这一事实?这是我们必须深入思考的问题.     

Challenges and strategies in progress of drug delivery system for traditional Chinese medicine Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Danshen)

Traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs), with a history of thousands of years, are widely used clinically with effective treatment. However, the drug delivery systems(DDSs) for TCMs remains major challenges due to the characteristics of multi-components including alkaloids, flavones, anthraquinones, glycosides,proteins, volatile oils and other types. Therefore, the novel preparations and technology of modern pharmaceutics is introduced to improve TCM therapeutic effects due to instability and low bioavailability of active ingredients. Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, the radix and rhizomes of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge(Danshen in Chinese), is a well known Chinese herbal medicine for protecting the cardiovascular system, with active ingredients mainly including lipophilic tanshinones and hydrophilic salvianolic acids.In this review, this drug is taken as an example to present challenges and strategies in progress of DDSs for TCMs. This review would also summary the characteristics of active ingredients in it including physicochemical properties and pharmacological effects. The purpose of this review is to provide inspirations and ideas for the DDSs designed from TCMs by summarizing the advances on DDSs for both singleand multi-component from Danshen.     

参茸白凤丸质量控制方法的研究

参茸白凤丸是<中国药典>2005年版一部收载的传统成方制剂,有大蜜丸和水蜜丸两种剂型,是由人参、鹿茸、党参、当归、熟地黄、黄芪、白芍、延胡索、葫芦巴、续断、白术、香附、砂仁、益母草、黄芩、桑寄生、甘草18味中药组成.     

每一天都珍爱自己的生命——我的益寿养生秘方（2）

百谷养生粥[原料]百合干3片、黑豆7粒、黄豆7粒、绿豆7粒、玉米7粒、荞麦2克、红豆7粒、大米1克、小米1克、紫糯米1克、高粱米1克、蜀米1克、小黄米1克、糜子米1克、莲子5粒、葵花子7粒、南瓜子7粒、薏仁米2克、花生7克、核桃2个(取出桃仁用)、大枣2个、黑芝麻2克、白芝麻2克、人参果2个、干山药片1片、首乌粉7克、山楂2片、葡萄干7粒、枸杞子7粒、     

浅谈以脾胃为中心的健康观

1 脾胃与人体阴阳平衡 脾具有主运化、主升清、主统血作用,称为"仓廪之官"(《素问·灵兰秘典论》、"仓廪之本"(《素问·六节藏象论》).脾脏功能的发挥有赖于脾之阴阳.如缪仲淳《先醒斋医学广笔记》说:"胃气弱则不能纳,脾阴亏则不能消".万密斋《养生四要》说:"受水谷之入而变化者,脾胃之阳也,散水谷之气而成营卫者,脾胃之阴也."《血证论》说:"脾阳不足,水谷固不化,脾阴不足,水谷仍不化也."胃主受纳和腐熟水谷,饮食物在胃中,初步消化,形成食糜,将精微物质游行布散,上输于脾,通过脾之运化,散精归肺,供养周身.     

少腹逐瘀汤治疗盆腔炎56例

盆腔炎临床表现为下腹疼痛,伴发热或高热、寒颤、头痛、食欲不振,下腹包块及局部压迫刺激感.腰酸胀痛,白带多,月经不调,经量时多时少,夹瘀血块.或排尿困难,尿频急,或腹泻,里急后重,排便困难.笔者近年来用少腹逐瘀汤治疗盆腔炎56例,取得较满意效果,现总结如下.     

薏苡仁治疗慢性结肠炎

先父俞长荣擅长应用参苓白术散治疗慢性腹泻。方中薏苡仁，能利水渗湿、健脾止泻。其应用要点为：舌苔白腻或黄腻，大便不成形，或多黏液。本品功力和缓，尚需根据病情，合理配伍，如与荷叶配伍，其升清降浊、健脾祛湿之功益佳。若偏于湿盛，配合茯苓；偏于湿热，配合铁苋；偏于脾虚，配合参、术；脾虚及肾，配合山药、补骨脂；兼夹食积，配合山楂、神曲。此外，     

耳体穴配合促进人工受精卵着床成功1例

患者，女，46岁，菲律宾人，其丈夫60岁，新西兰人，结婚10年，夫妻同住，性生活正常，未能生育。为了生育子女，他们先后到过世界多个国家寻医问诊，均未能如愿。5年前到美国一家大医院接受试管婴儿治疗，先后在女方采集了6个成熟的卵子，与其丈夫的精子结合成受精卵，寄存在该医院的精子库，并在该月的排卵期把受精卵植于子宫中。但因女方的雌激素水平偏低，子宫的供血不良，宫内环境不宜胚胎着床、生长，故2个月后流产。半年后再次把受精卵植于子宫中又告流产。美国医生建议她先到中国寻求针灸治疗，改善子宫的内环境，为受精卵的着床生长创造良好条件。她于2004年1月来到中国广州，就诊于我院门诊。视其面色晦暗，舌质淡、苔薄白，脉沉细，诊断为不孕症。     

干扰素不良反应的中医药应对策略

流感样综合征 患者发热、寒战、全身不适,肌痛、头痛等,有时还可出现鼻塞、流涕、头晕、尿急等,而以发热最为常见[1].西医往往采用解热镇痛药如阿司匹林、安痛定之属,长期使用可以诱发溃疡出血;以上症状属于中医营卫不和或气分热甚,治以清热凉血、解表和营为法,方以当归拈痛汤加味[2],方中羌活透关节,防风散风湿为君,升麻、葛根味薄引而上行,苦以发之,白术甘温和平,苍术辛温雄壮,健脾燥湿为臣.温热和合,肢节烦痛可解,苦参、黄芩、知母、茵陈苦寒以泄之,酒炒以为因用;血雍不流则为痛,当归辛温以散之,人参、甘草甘温,补养正气,使苦寒不伤脾胃;治湿不利小便,非其治也,猪苓、泽泻甘淡咸平,导其留饮为佐.     

陆英HMGS基因cDNA克隆、不同器官中的差异表达及生物信息学分析

目的克隆陆英Sambucus chinensis 3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A合成酶(HMGS)基因并分析其差异表达。方法采用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-PCR)方法获得HMGS基因c DNA序列并对HMGS蛋白进行理化性质、蛋白二级结构及三维结构预测分析,并预测了该蛋白功能;利用RT-PCR方法检测了HMGS基因在陆英的根状茎、地上茎、叶、花中的表达情况。结果克隆获得的HMGS基因c DNA全长为1 401 bp,编码466个氨基酸。生物信息学预测HMGS蛋白无跨膜区,不含信号肽。HMGS基因主要在陆英的花和根状茎中表达较高,在叶中表达相对较低。结论首次从陆英中克隆了HMGS基因,为进一步阐明该基因在陆英萜类化合物代谢途径中的重要作用奠定基础。     

In vitro Inhibition of CYP3A4 by the Multiherbal Commercial Product Sambucus Force and its Main Constituents Echinacea purpurea and Sambucus nigra

The multiherbal product Sambucus Force contains Echinacea purpurea and Sambucus nigra as its main constituents. The aims of this study were to evaluate Sambucus Force's inhibition potential and inhibition mechanisms towards CYP3A4, and to evaluate the inhibitory co‐contribution of E. purpurea and S. nigra. Metabolic studies were performed with recombinant human CYP3A4, with testosterone as substrate. Sambucus Force inhibited CYP3A4 activity with a mean (95% confidence interval) half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) value of 1192 (1091–1302) µg/mL. The inhibitory potency seems exclusively to be exerted by E. purpurea, implicating an insignificant inhibition by S. nigra. The inhibition by E. purpurea as a single herb was in agreement with mechanism‐based inhibition with heterotropic positive cooperative effects. Echinacea purpurea acted differently in the multiherbal product, which showed a dual inhibition profile with both an uncompetitive (substrate‐dependent) inhibition and a time‐dependent (substrate‐independent) inhibitory mechanism. These mechanistic differences are suggested to be caused by herb–herb interactions in the multiherbal product. The CYP3A4 inhibition of Sambucus Force in vitro is considered relatively weak, but recommended high herbal dosages might enhance the potential for clinical interactions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of extracts of Orthosiphon stamineus benth,Hieracium pilosella l., Sambucus nigra l. and Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (l.) spreng. in rats

Aqueous extracts of Sambucus nigra and Arctostaphylos uva-ursi and hydroalcohol extracts of Orthosiphon stamineus and Hieracium pilosella were tested for their diuretic activities in rats; pharmacological evaluation revealed that they led to an increase in urine flow. Urinary sodium excretion in rats was increased with O. stamineus and S. nigra. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of extracts of Orthosiphon stamineus benth,Hieracium pilosella L., Sambucus nigra L. and Arctostaphylos uva‐ursi (L.) spreng. in rats

Aqueous extracts of Sambucus nigra and Arctostaphylos uva‐ursi and hydroalcohol extracts of Orthosiphon stamineus and Hieracium pilosella were tested for their diuretic activities in rats; pharmacological evaluation revealed that they led to an increase in urine flow. Urinary sodium excretion in rats was increased with O. stamineus and S. nigra. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Screening of some Turkish medicinal plants for their antiulcerogenic activities

Our field surveys on the traditional medicine in Turkey revealed that several plants are used for the treatment of ulcers; Cedrus libani, Centaurea solstitialis ssp. solstitialis, Cistus laurifolius, Hypericum scabrum, Plantago major, Sambucus ebulus and Spartium junceum. Various extracts prepared from these plants were tested by using a water immersion-stress ulcer model in rats to confirm the claimed activities. Pharmacological experiments clearly demonstrated that the aqueous extracts of all the plants given orally showed significant antiulcerogenic activity.     

五味子活性成分及药理作用研究进展

五味子(Schisandra chinensis)为木兰科植物五味子的干燥成熟果实。近年来,国内外学者对五味子各个部位的活性成分及药理作用进行了大量的研究,表明五味子具有药用和食用的双重功能,被广泛用作保健品和药品。该文对五味子的活性成分及药理作用进行系统地整理,发现五味子果实、种子、根、藤茎、叶等药用部位主要包含木脂素类、挥发油类、三萜类、多糖类及黄酮类化合物,其中木脂素类为五味子中的主要特征性活性成分,三萜类、多糖类及挥发油的活性次之,黄酮类化合物活性鲜有报道。通过对五味子药理学研究发现,五味子木脂素类成分对中枢神经系统、心血管系统、肝脏、肾脏和生殖系统均有一定的影响,且还具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抑菌、抗人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)的作用。其他化学成分也均具有较好的药理活性,但相比木脂素类,研究深度仍有待挖掘。该研究为开发利用五味子,同时为今后深入开展五味子的药品和保健品提供了重要的参考和基础。     

金莲花化学成分和药理活性研究进展＊

金莲花是我国传统中药材，金莲花中的化学成分主要有黄酮类、有机酸类、生物碱类、香豆素类以及甾醇类等，目前已发现金莲花具有抗菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗氧化以及抗炎镇痛等作用。本文对金莲花的化学成分和药理活性进行了综述，以期为金莲花的深入研究和合理开发利用提供科学依据。     

陆英糖浆质量标准研究

目的建立陆英糖浆的质量标准。方法对陆英进行了薄层鉴别,采用紫外分光光度法测定糖浆中陆英的主要成分总黄酮的含量。结果陆英薄层色谱定性鉴别特征性强,重现性好;含量测定精密度、重现性良好,平均加样回收率为98.02%,RSD为0.73%。结论方法简便、准确、重复性好,可用于该制剂的质量控制。     

A Review of the Antiviral Properties of Black Elder (Sambucus nigra L.) Products

Black elder (Sambucus nigra L.) has a long ethnobotanical history across many disparate cultures as a treatment for viral infection and is currently one of the most‐used medicinal plants worldwide. Until recently, however, substantial scientific research concerning its antiviral properties has been lacking. Here, we evaluate the state of current scientific research concerning the use of elderberry extract and related products as antivirals, particularly in the treatment of influenza, as well as their safety and health impacts as dietary supplements. While the extent of black elder's antiviral effects are not well known, antiviral and antimicrobial properties have been demonstrated in these extracts, and the safety of black elder is reflected by the United States Food and Drug Administration approval as generally recognized as safe. A deficit of studies comparing these S. nigra products and standard antiviral medications makes informed and detailed recommendations for use of S. nigra extracts in medical applications currently impractical. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Nardostachys chinensis Batalin: A review of traditional uses,phytochemistry, and pharmacology

Nardostachys chinensis Batalin (Valerianaceae) has been widely used in different traditional systems of medicine, including Islamic, Ayurvedic, Chinese, and Korean folk medicine. It has been used in traditional medicine as a tranquilizer, hepatotonic, cardiotonic, diuretic, and analgesic. Preliminary in vitro and in vivo studies have provided valuable scientific evidence for its traditional uses. This review aims to summarize reported traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological potential of N. chinensis while identifying potential areas of further research of plant. The review comprises literature pertaining to the pharmacological potential and phytochemistry of N. chinensis using worldwide accepted scientific databases via electronic search (Elsevier, Google Scholar, Pub Med, Scopus, Springer, Wiley online library). Moreover, data from ethno botanical text books available in library and electronic search were also included. The Plant List and Kew Herbarium Catalogue databases were used to authenticate the scientific name. Different pharmacological experiments in many in vitro and in vivo models have proved the potential of N. chinensis, namely, anti‐inflammatory, anticonvulsant, antibacterial, antihypertensive, antifungal, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, aldose reductase inhibition, and antioxidant activities. The plant contains sesquiterpenenes of various varieties including aristolane, guaiane, and nardosinane types. Moreover, it also contains coumarins, phenols, lignans, neolignans, and glycosides. Reported activities suggested that there may be pharmacological potential for developing N. chinensis as a drug for infections, hypertension, cardiac diseases, Alzheimer's disease, insomnia, epilepsy, cancer, gastric, and liver diseases. More toxicological studies should be performed that will aid the progress to clinical trial studies of N. chinensis.