扩张包膜上植皮成活的临床观察

目的 探讨扩张包膜去除与否对植皮成活有无影响。方法 应用皮肤软组织扩张器法行外耳再造术85例及面颈部瘢痕切除术70例,在扩张皮瓣移转后。遗留创面移植中厚皮片,观察创面保留扩张包膜与否对植皮成活有无影响。结果 扩张包膜去除与否对植皮成活无明显影响。结果 在扩张包摸上行中厚植皮安全、有效。     

人工真皮修复手足部肌腱和骨外露创面

目的观察应用人工真皮联合自体皮片移植修复手足部肌腱和骨外露创面的临床疗效。方法对14例手足部皮肤缺损伴肌腱、骨外露患者采用清创人工真皮覆盖治疗,3周后采用自体中厚皮片移植修复创面。结果除1例边缘坏死经局部换药愈合外,13例植皮全部成活。患者均获得随访,时间6~24个月。创面愈合外观满意,局部无明显疼痛和增生性瘢痕,移植皮肤柔软,有弹性,色素沉着不明显。结论人工真皮联合二期植皮是修复手足部肌腱和骨外露创面的一种简单、有效的方法。     

A型肉毒毒素对兔植皮后皮片收缩相关因素的影响

／目的研究A型肉毒毒素对兔植皮术后皮片收缩的相关因素影响。方法于兔背部沿脊柱两侧对称地制备两排共4个2cm×2cm正方形供皮区,切取全厚皮片,共形成20个创面。每只兔背部随机选取2个创面皮下注射A型肉毒毒素5U,此为A组,共10个创面;其余未注射A型肉毒毒素的创面为B组。术后12d,大体观察切口愈合及植皮成活情况。观察组织的HE染色标本中炎症细胞、成纤维细胞、胶原纤维的变化及免疫组织化学染色标本中α-SMA表达;测量每张图片α-SMA的积分光密度值。结果大体观察A组与B组切口愈合及皮片成活无明显差异。光镜下,观察A组较B组真皮中炎症细胞减少,胶原纤维相对细小、致密度下降,排列较规则,大体走向一致;成纤维细胞数量减少,较分散。A组与B组α-SMA的积分光密度值组间差异具有统计学意义（P=0．003）,A组α-SMA的表达较B组明显减少。结论A型肉毒毒素的注射不影响植皮的正常成活及切口愈合。可通过减少收缩过程中的成纤维细胞的数量、胶原的合成与沉积及炎症细胞的生成,以减少肌成纤维细胞中α-SMA的表达,达到抑制皮片收缩的目的。     

局部筋膜瓣联合植皮在头面部骨外露创面修复中的应用

目的:探讨运用局部筋膜瓣加植皮修复头面部骨外露创面的临床疗效。方法:选择2016年6月-2018年12月笔者科室应用局部筋膜瓣加植皮修复有骨外露的头面部创面13例患者,其中外伤6例,皮肤恶性肿瘤7例。根据创面面积大小及形状,在创面旁切取获得适当大小筋膜瓣,范围3cm×6cm^6cm×9cm,经折叠后覆盖骨外露创面,将中厚皮片植于筋膜瓣上,术后观察植皮成活情况,评估临床疗效。结果:13例患者筋膜瓣及植皮均成活良好,术后随访1~6个月,外形良好。结论:局部筋膜瓣加植皮修复骨外露创面效果肯定,外形好,值得在临床推广使用。     

自体皮移植在乳腺癌手术中的应用

目的:总结乳腺癌术中皮肤缺如和术后皮肤坏死的植皮方法及效果。方法:采用全厚或中厚自体皮移植、缝线打包加压固定法用于手术中皮肤缺如17例,中厚、刃厚皮片邮票状植皮用于手术后皮肤坏死6例。结果:乳腺癌术中即刻全厚及中厚自体皮移植全部成活,术后坏死组织切除及肉芽创面移植中厚或刃厚自体皮95%成活。结论:乳腺癌术中、术后皮肤缺如或坏死,采用全厚、中厚、刃厚自体皮肤移植加缝线打包法,均取得良好的效果。     

大面积皮肤撕脱伤32例治疗分析

目的：观察大面积皮肤撕脱伤的治疗效果.方法：32例大面积撕脱伤患者,在早期抗休克、治疗脏器合并伤基础上,撕脱面积较小、创基血运好者直接原位缝合;挫伤严重、已游离的大面积撕脱皮肤组织切取后,反取成大张中厚皮片,原位缝合于创面.骨质裸露的创面,以腓肠肌肌瓣、趾长屈肌肌瓣、胫前肌肌瓣等转移覆盖骨,再植以反取的大张中厚皮片.术后第2天开始行高压氧治疗,疗程1周.结果：32例患者中12例植皮一次成活;17例移植皮片部分坏死,肉芽创面经换药后愈合;3例因回植皮片挫伤严重而片状坏死,后期肉芽创面植皮后愈合.对17例瘢痕增生及粘连较重者行肢体功能锻炼,并随访2年,功能基本恢复正常.结论：大面积皮肤撕脱伤伤情严重,需首先处理危及生命的颅脑损伤和休克,同时彻底清创,封闭创面,裸露的骨面用邻位健康的肌瓣覆盖后再植以大张游离皮片,治疗效果满意.     

阴茎皮肤撕脱伤后两种修复方法临床效果的比较

目的 比较阴茎皮肤撕脱伤采用中厚皮片植皮修复与皮瓣移植修复临床效果的差别。方法 2002年5月至2017年12月,共收治阴茎皮肤完全撕脱5例,均为机器绞伤,海绵体及尿道无损伤。3例采用中厚皮片植皮,2例采用髂腹股沟皮瓣带蒂移植,修复阴茎软组织缺损。术后定期复查。结果 3例植皮大部分成活,遗留少量创面,经换药后2期愈合。2例皮瓣移植成活良好,1期愈合。术后随访1~3年,植皮3例患者自感外形差,常有不适感,排尿功能受影响,阴茎勃起时受瘢痕牵拉;皮瓣修复2例患者自感外形较满意,阴茎皮肤柔软、松弛,日常无不适,排尿功能正常,阴茎可充分勃起。结论 采用髂腹股沟皮瓣带蒂移植修复阴茎软组织缺损,手术操作简便易行,临床效果优于中厚皮片植皮。     

桡尺骨卞段骨折合并背侧软组织缺损及肌腱骨外露的处理

桡尺骨下端骨折合并背侧软组纵缺损肌腱骨外露是临床上常见的损伤。由于茸次处理不当，软组织皮肤缺损，即使勉强缝合义易出现皮肤坏死，从而，肌腱暴露坏死，骨折处理十分困难而截肢。既往采用单纯中厚皮片移植又常出现所植皮片难以存活，或待创面生长出肉芽组织后再植皮则常使患手僵硬、关节肿胀、色素沉着、贴骨瘢痕形成或骨不连，外形不美观且手功能丧失严重。     

游离植皮结合负压封闭引流技术治疗大面积皮肤缺损

目的探讨植皮后使用负压封闭引流(vacuum sealing drainage,VSD)敷料结合半透膜使植皮区均匀受压,充分引流,观察治疗大面积皮肤缺损的临床效果。方法对46例皮肤缺损的患者,有效清创,缺损区创面新鲜时,取刃厚皮片或中厚皮片,大块植皮后,VSD敷料结合半透膜覆盖,持续负压吸引,1周左右去除VSD敷料。结果44例患者植皮完全成活,2例患者去除VSD敷料后,边缘少许坏死,积极换药后成活,皮片功能均恢复正常。结论该手术方法操作简单,术后护理方便,是一种较理想的植皮方法。     

阴茎延长术后皮肤坏死的临床处理(附12例报告)

目的:分析阴茎延长术后皮肤坏死原因及相应的处理措施,观察游离皮片植皮治疗阴茎皮肤缺损的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析我科自2017年1月至2022年1月收治的12例阴茎延长术后阴茎皮肤大面积坏死缺损的病例资料。12例患者经过多种方式创面准备后行大腿中厚或全厚游离皮片植皮修复术。结果:12例患者植皮成活良好,切口均一期愈合,未发生二次感染坏死等并发症。术后随访6个月,阴茎植皮区域皮肤感觉大部分恢复,皮肤无明显破溃,水肿,阴茎外观满意。行IIEF-5、EHS量表评分及阴茎硬度检测结果反应勃起功能情况,均提示勃起功能正常。结论:阴茎皮肤大面积坏死行自体中厚或全厚游离皮片植皮修复术临床疗效满意,可有效解决阴茎延长术后出现皮肤大面积坏死的严重并发症难题。     

骨外露及皮肤软组织缺损的修复

目的　评价和探讨修复骨外露及皮肤软组织缺损的各种方法 ,使其更好地用于临床。方法　 3 5例不同部位的骨外露分别采用皮片移植、皮瓣及肌皮瓣转移、皮瓣及肌皮瓣游离移植等方法 ,覆盖外露的骨面。结果　 3 1例全部存活 ,1例皮瓣部分坏死 ,2例创口延迟愈合 ,1例游离皮瓣失败。结论　对骨外露及皮肤软组织缺损应尽量在早期修复 ,最常用的方法是皮瓣及肌皮瓣的转移或移植。     

游离腹直肌瓣加中厚植皮修复四肢骨及肌腱外露

目的：观察应用游离腹直肌瓣加中厚游离植皮修复四肢骨,肌腱外露的疗效。方法：应用游离腹直肌瓣加中厚游离植皮修复前臂桡骨,肌腱外露1例,股骨外露2例,足部骨骼外露5例。结果;腹直肌瓣均全部成活,2例植皮坏死,经再次植皮愈合,外形及功能尚满意。结论：游离腹直肌瓣血管蒂长,口径粗,解剖恒定,操作简便,损伤小,无形成腹壁疝的缺点,游离腹直肌瓣加中厚游离植皮具有抗感染力强,顺应性好,无肥厚且外形好的优点。     

小儿额部皮肤缺损并骨外露创面的治疗体会

目的:探讨小儿额部皮肤缺损并骨外露创面的较好治疗方案。方法:总结2009年4月至2012年4月4年间额部皮肤缺损并骨外露的小儿患者,采用筋膜组织瓣加自体皮肤游离移植的手术方法进行治疗。结果:治疗效果好,对比其它方法有着显著优点。结论:筋膜组织瓣加自体皮肤游离移植的手术方案,是临床修复小儿额部皮肤缺损并骨外露创面的一种很好的手术方法。     

股前外侧皮瓣修复伴有骨外露的四肢皮肤软组织缺损

目的探讨游离股前外侧皮瓣修复伴有骨外露的四肢皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果。方法对62例伴有骨外露的四肢皮肤软组织缺损患者进行皮瓣移植,缺损面积6 cm×4 cm~25 cm×15 cm。术前、术中彻底清创受区,切取股前外侧皮瓣修复创面,处理血管危象。结果 62例均获得随访,时间6~12个月。出现血管危象6例,经及时处理后皮瓣恢复血液循环5例,皮瓣坏死1例,成功率为98.39%。结论股前外侧皮瓣供区隐蔽,简便实用,可用于伴有骨外露的四肢皮肤软组织缺损修复。     

跖内侧皮瓣联合肋骨移植修复多手指末节骨与软组织缺损

目的 总结跖内侧皮瓣联合肋骨移植修复多手指末节掌侧骨与软组织缺损的临床应用结果. 方法 2004年2月至2006年7月,应用吻合血管的跖内侧皮瓣联合肋骨移植修复5例(男4例,女1例)手指末节掌侧骨与软组织缺损,年龄19～43岁(平均31岁).其中,双指损伤3例,3指损伤2例.皮瓣血管蒂与受区的血管行端端吻合,供区创面行中厚网状游离植皮修复. 结果 1例术后供区发生表浅感染,经更换敷料逐渐自行愈合.皮瓣全部成活,随访10～28个月(平均19个月),供区与受区外形较好,手指感觉恢复.两点分辨觉5～14 mm(平均8 mm).结论 跖内侧皮瓣以跖内侧动脉为血供,血运丰富、血管解剖恒定、血管蒂长以及切取容易,联合肋骨移植很适宜修复多手指末节掌侧骨与软组织缺损.     

应用皮肤软组织扩张术修复坏死性筋膜炎后遗瘢痕

坏死性筋膜炎是一种少见的严重软组织感染,常后遗瘢痕,好发于腰骶部,应用传统的瘢痕切除全厚植皮方法修复效果不佳。自１９８７年我科应用皮肤软组织扩张术修复坏死性筋膜炎后遗腰骶部瘢痕６例,其中１例采用术中即时扩张术,余５例采用常规扩张术,整复效果满意。此方法具有一次可修复较大面积;与周围皮肤色泽,质地相似,外观佳;耐磨、耐压、不牺牲供区等优点。本文就其手术方法及其优缺点进行了讨论。     

Reconstruction of traumatic tubular bone defects using vascularized fibular graft

Large segmental bone defects due to major trauma constitute a major challenge for the orthopaedic surgeon, especially when combined with poor or lost soft tissue envelope. Vascularized fibular transfer is considered as the gold standard for the reconstruction of such defects of the extremities due to its predictable vascular pedicle, long cylindrical shape, and tendency to hypertrophy, and resistance to infection. Vascularized bone grafts remain viable throughout the healing period and are capable of inducing rapid graft union without prolonged creeping substitution, osteogenesis and hypertrophy at the reconstruction site, and fight with infection.The fibular graft can be transferred solely, or as a composite flap including muscle, subcutaneous tissue, skin and even a nerve segment in order to reconstruct both bone and soft tissue components of the injury at single stage operation. Such a reconstruction can even be performed in the presence of local infection, since vascularized bone and adjacent soft tissue components enhances the blood flow at the traumatized zone, allowing for the delivery of antibiotics and immune components to the infection site.In an effort to preserve growth potential in pediatric patients; the fibular head and proximal growth plate can be included to the graft. This practice also enables to reconstruct the articular ends of various bones, including distal radius and proximal ulna. Apart from defect reconstruction, vascularized fibular grafts also proved to be a reliable in treating atrophic nonunions, reconstruction of osteomyelitic bone segments. These grafts are superior to alternative reconstructive techniques, as bone grafts with intrinsic blood supply lead to higher success rates in reconstruction and accelerate the repair process at the injury site in cases where blood supply to the injury zone is defective, poor soft tissue envelope, and local infection at the trauma zone.     

Two-stage reconstruction with free vascularized soft tissue transfer and conventional bone graft for infected nonunions of the tibia: 6 patients followed for 1.5 to 5 years

BACKGROUND: Vascularized soft tissue transfer may give better results of treatment of infected nonunions of the tibia. METHODS: 6 patients with infected nonunion of the tibia and combined soft tissue (70-170 cm(2)) and bony (5-8 cm) defects underwent staged reconstruction. Initial surgery consisted of soft tissue and bone debridement, external fixation, filling of the bony defect with a gentamicin-impregnated cement spacer, and reconstruction of the soft tissue with a free microsurgical muscle flap and skin graft. Second-stage surgery consisted of removal of the cement spacer and osseous reconstruction with nonvascularized bone graft. RESULTS: All patients except 1 achieved full weight-bearing and radiographic consolidation after 7-10 months. This patient required repeated bone grafting and internal plate fixation to heal. There were no cases of recurrence of infection at the latest follow-up, after a mean of 3 (1.5-5) years. INTERPRETATION: Staged reconstruction with free vascularized soft tissue transfer and conventional bone grafting within a cement-induced membrane is a low-risk surgical strategy resulting in a high rate of bone healing.     

Application of VSD technique in adults with chronic osteomyelitis of the extremities combined with soft tissue defects

To investigate the clinical application of vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) in chronic osteomyelitis of the extremities combined with soft tissue defects in adults. This study retrospectively included 32 adult patients with clearly diagnosed chronic osteomyelitis of the extremities combined with local soft tissue defects, and the trauma was covered by VSD after debridement, osteotomy, and vancomycin-laden bone cement filling of the occupancy, and the trauma was covered by selecting a suitable flap transfer repair according to the site and extent of the soft tissue defect after the trauma condition was suitable, and the secondary trauma was taken from the abdominal full-thickness skin free skin slice graft, according to whether the skin graft area was performed. The skin flap hematoma and infection rate, as well as the skin flap survival rate and implant fixation time were compared and analysed between the two groups. The primary outcome is the implant fixation time, and the secondary outcome is the skin fragment survival rate. In 32 patients, VSD was performed on the bone cement surface to cover the trauma, and 33.2 to 39.8 kPa continuous vacuum sealing drainage was set. The average VSD time duration before soft tissue coverage was 47.87 ± 23.14 days, and the average number of VSD use was 7.18 ± 3.23. The use of VSD before soft tissue coverage did not cause complications such as negative pressure could not be maintained, vacuum sealing drainage was not smooth, skin blistering, trauma. Among the 32 patients, 12 cases of soft tissue coverage were followed by trauma free skin grafting with packing + VSD, and 20 cases were fixed with packing alone, and the duration of continuous packing and fixation of free skin pieces in the VSD group was significantly less than that in the control group (P = .006). The survival rate was significantly higher than that of the control group (P = .019). VSD in adult patients with chronic osteomyelitis of the extremities combined with soft tissue defects can effectively improve the trauma condition, provide the possibility of second-stage soft tissue coverage, and significantly shorten the preparation time for soft tissue coverage. In addition, when soft tissue coverage trauma is performed, VSD combined with skin graft packing technique can significantly improve the survival rate of skin pieces, shorten the time of skin graft fixation.