美容整形病人术前心理状态与术后满意度的相关研究

目的:研究美容整形患者术前美容心理状态和自我接纳水平以及其术后满意度的相关关系.方法:以南京医科大学用正猷编写的"美容心理自评量表"和国内学者丛中、高文风等编制的"自我接纳问卷"为工具,调查分析患者术前美容心理状态和自我接纳、自我评价情况;术后2个月电话随访患者的术后满意度.用SPSS16.0进行统计分析.结果:美容整形就诊者术前美容心理状态的调查中,发现有67.6%的患者存在心理问题.自我接纳平均分为43.14±5.47,高于大学生群体.术后满意度与婚姻状况相关(Pearson相关系数为-0.33,p=0.049);与美容心理状态自评量表中的第3个因子(Pearson相关系数为0.336,p=0.042)和第18个因子第1项相关(Pearson相关系数为-0.348,p=0.035);与自我接纳问卷第11个条目相关(Pearson相关系数为-0.348,p=0.035).结论:整形美容病人存在不同程度的心理同题,其就诊者的术前心理状态与术后满意度相关.     

纹眉术在整形美容领域中的角色与作用研究

在经济发达的现代化社会背景下,随着人们生活质量的不断提升,在满足基础的生活需求之后,人们更加注重自身的形象建设与管理。纹眉术通过调整和修饰眉形、填充缺失部分及增加眉毛浓密度,为人们提供精细化的眉毛修饰,对于改善个人形象和外貌美观具有重要的作用。本文就纹眉术的技术特点、在整形美容领域中的角色与作用及其技巧与注意事项进行综述,以期为整形美容领域的发展提供相关借鉴与参考。     

医疗美容整形受术者的心理探讨

疾病除给患者带来身体上的痛苦外,还会带来精神上的压力,在美容整形求术者身上的表现尤为明显.作为一种选择性手术,从他们要求手术到术后对手术效果的态度,常常会表现出一些不同寻常的心理状态[1].     

整形美容受术者的心理特点及护理体会

随着社会经济的发展和生活水平的提高,整形美容手术已成为一些人改变自我、美化自我,实现其圆满、完美的精神生活和社会生活的途径之一。由于年龄、性别、职业以及社会需求的不同,人们的审美观也存在着差异,每个人对美的认识、理解也不同,因而对整形美容手术的要求和理解也不一致。有资料显示,大部分整形美容受术者存在个性异常。因此,整形美容的医护人员既要重视手术的整个过程,又要重视整形美容受术者的心理护理,使受术者获得满意的术后效果,同时避免医疗纠纷的发生。现将整形美容受术者的心理特点及护理体会报道如下。     

术前咨询干预对美容受术者术后满意度的影响

目的:探讨美容受术者术前咨询经历对其术后的满意度的影响。方法:将2008年1月～2011年5月在我科进行美容术前咨询并实施手术者500例,随机分为实验组和对照组,随访分析两种咨询方法在术后一定时间内对受术者效果自评的影响。结果:500例受术者术前期待组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后两个月自评,实验组满意246例(97.3%),差7例(2.8%),对照组满意224例(90.7%),差23例(9.3%),组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:术前提供客观、个性化的咨询服务能够增加美容受术者对手术的满意率,是医学美容手术前值得重视的环节。     

整形美容受术者的心理护理

爱美是人的天性,心灵与美貌和谐的美,是每一个人都向往和追求的.即使那些天生面部有缺陷或因烧伤事故等导致而毁坏了面容的人们,这种天性也不会泯灭.美容整形手术是这部分人们获得希望的有效途径,可帮助他们实现其正常、圆满、完美的精神生活和社会生活.一个成功的美容整形手术,不仅是外观的变化和心灵的满足,而且给予他们融人社会的动力和适应社会的良好条件.因此心理护理显得尤为重要,它贯穿于整个护理过程.     

整形美容受术者MMPI测验的研究

用国内外公认的明尼苏达多相人格调查表（ＭｉｎｎｅｓｏｔａＭｕｌｔｉｐｈａｓｉｃＰｅｒｓｏｎａｌｉｔｙＩｎｖｅｎｔｏｒｙ，ＭＭＰＩ）对１９９６年８月至１２月的６０例整形美容受术者进行测验。通过ＭＭＰＩ测验的研究，发现整形美容受术者的个性特征与正常人群有显著差异。运用ＭＭＰＩ测验，可以作为整形美容手术心理适应证的筛选工具，以避免由于心理问题而引发的术后纠纷。     

TRACE程序服务提升整形美容患者满意度

目的探讨整形美容中心实施TRACE护理服务体系对患者护理满意度的影响。方法将600例患者根据其就诊顺序进行分组,2013年7~8月300例为对照组,2013年9~10月300例为观察组。对照组实施常规咨询方法,观察组实施TRACE护理服务体系,即电话接待(Telephone)、电话回复(Recall)、前台接待(At front desk)、现场咨询(Consultation)、延伸服务(Extended service)。在术后3个月内电话回访患者护理满意度。结果两组患者满意度比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论 TRACE护理服务体系为患者提供专业的、个性化的护理服务,提升了护理服务质量,有效提高了手术疗效及护理工作满意度。     

花钱整形，你是否享受了术后服务

花了大钱，下了大决心，你走进整形美容医院，但是，你体会到上帝的感觉了吗？[编者按]     

整形美容受术者术后心理并发症发生情况分析及其意义

目的：整形美容外科由于受术群体的特殊性因而术后心理并发症发生率可能更高,发生情况可能更为严重,因此,了解整形美容受术者的心理特征和术后心理并发症的发生情况,有助于提高整形美容外科医护人员对受术者术后心理并发症的认识,加强应对措施。方法：采用问卷调查法,调查统计自2009年1月～2010年9月在我院接受5种整形美容外科手术的314例受术者,分析其主要的心理并发症发生情况。结果：除手术引起的非特异性生理并发症如瘀血、瘀斑、不确定的身体不适外,其它较严重的手术并发症发生率均较低。受术者术后心理并发症发生情况的调查结果显示,术后心理并发症发生率高于生理并发症,主要表现为焦虑、抑郁、睡眠障碍、失望。其中面部除皱术受术者焦虑发生率最高为85.7%;隆鼻术、眼部整形术受术者术后失望的发生率较高,分别为67.1%、65.6%;而隆乳术受术者抑郁和睡眠障碍发生率最高,分别为86.8%、92.1%;受术者术后心理并发症的发生率与受术者年龄之间关系的调查统计结果显示：35～55岁的受术者心理并发症发生率最高为88.1%;其次是21～34岁的受术者;20岁以下受术者心理并发症发生率最低为57.1%。结论：整形美容外科手术不同于其它外科手术,术后的心理问题需要给予高度关注,整形美容受术者的心理并发症发生情况与手术种类、年龄等因素有关。     

Quality of life at home and satisfaction of patients after enhanced recovery protocol for colorectal surgery*

Background: Quality of life of patients at home after an enhanced recovery protocol (ERP) for surgery has been least studied especially in elderly patients.

Methods: Our first 41 patients entered in the colorectal GRACE database were interviewed through telephone about their postoperative stress, fatigue, pain, difficulty in feeding, home autonomy, and satisfaction. We compared the responses of the elderly patients (>70 years, n?=?19) with those of the younger patients.

Results: The time between the surgery and the questionnaire was 79?±?48 days. Early return was experienced as stressful by ±20% of the patients. Fatigue and pain were low (respectively: simple numerical scale [SNS]?=?4.2?±?3.2 and 2.5?±?2.9). When present, pain was relieved by the prescribed treatment. One-third of the patients described some difficulty in feeding. Fifty percent of the patients felt completely autonomous when returned at home, 80% attributed the rapid recovery of autonomy to the ERP. Finally, 87% were globally satisfied (SNS: 8.5?±?1.0). The characteristics of the ‘elderly’ group (77?±?6 years) and their questionnaire responses were similar to those of the younger patients.

Conclusions: Despite some limitations (retrospective, different time between surgery and the telephone survey), our study suggests that quality of life at home after ERP for colorectal surgery is very satisfactory for over 80% of patients. Furthermore, this study confirms that elderly patients benefit from an ERP for colorectal surgery like younger patients.     

整形美容手术对男性乳腺发育症患者心理影响的研究

目的：了解就诊整形美容外科的男性乳腺发育症（GYN）患者的心理状态,探讨整形美容手术对患者心理状态的影响。方法：采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）、自尊量表（SES）、体像障碍（BDD）自评量表及艾森克人格问卷（EPQ）,对65名GYN患者手术前后的心理状态进行问卷调查,分析调查结果。结果：在65名GYN患者中,术前焦虑、抑郁状态以及体像障碍状态的检出率分别为54%、57%和12%;手术前SAS、SDS和BDD自评量表分值分别为33.685±6.543、34.338±5.414和23.487±7.441,术后分别为26.442±4.278（P〈0.05）、27.968±7.112（P〈0.05）和16.184±8.544（P〈0.05）。患者术后SES分值较术前上升5.869±6.197（P〈0.01）。患者术前EPQ中的E、P和N量表的分值在常态范围之内,L表的分值超出常态标准;手术前后EPQ各表分值差异无显著的统计学意义。结论：抑郁和焦虑是GYN患者常见的心理异常状态。整形美容外科手术可以显著纠正GYN患者的消极体像,明显提高患者的自信心,恢复正常的心理状态。     

改良真皮内缝合法在整形美容外科的应用

目的：探讨改良真皮内缝合法在整形美容外科的应用,以减少术后切口瘢痕的形成。方法：采用表皮于真皮间为进出针点的真皮全层的垂直皮下缝合方法缝合无张力切口或者中等张力的切口,应用于98例患者,术后2～3天出院,术后愈合情况和术后3月随访瘢痕情况。结果：98例患者全部Ⅰ期愈合,术后3个月,79例得到随访,随访率约80％,79例患者瘢痕均呈现线状,52例瘢痕宽度≤0．3mm,21例瘢痕宽度0．3～0．5mm,6例瘢痕宽度0．6～1．0mm,瘢痕平均宽度0．28mm,瘢痕与临近皮肤肤色相近。结论：改良真皮内缝合法较常规传统缝合方法具有明显的优越性,术后无需等待拆线,减少住院时间及住院费用,加快床位周转率,术后瘢痕呈现线状,外表美观,较好的保留了肌肤的完美性,值得临床推广。     

整形美容现状及健康发展对策

整形美容是人类需要层次提高而出现的一种新事物,针对人们对整形美容认识的不足,有肯定也有否定,众说纷纭。本文分别从整形美容的定义和分类、整形美容的历史发展以及整形美容作用等方面阐述了整形美容业的发展现状。并从整形美容价值观、整形美容社会宽容性以及个人理性3个方面阐述了整形美容健康发展的3种途径,为整形美容业今后的健康发展起到一定的积极导向作用。     

整形美容外科技术在急诊面部外伤中的应用

目的:探讨如何在急诊面部外伤与手术中应用整形美容外科处理方法和原则,使患者面部功能和形态得到最大程度的恢复。方法:根据不同的伤情采用不同的修复方法。强调彻底清创、真皮缝合、皮瓣的应用无创等技术。结果:应用整形美容外科技术的163例患者伤口及创面均I期愈合,随访并未发生瘢痕增生等并发症。结论:在面部外伤的急诊处理中,整形美容外科技术的应用能最大限度地恢复患者面部功能及形态。     

A型肉毒毒素在美容整形外科的临床应用分析

目的:探讨在美容整形外科使用A型肉毒毒素进行面部除皱的临床效果。方法:选取在我院美容整形外科进行面部除皱治疗的患者共184例,根据面部皱纹情况分为鱼尾纹组(72例)、眉间纹组(53例)、额纹组(42)和混合组(17例),分别采用不同的注射方法及注射剂量对不同部位的皱纹进行处理,观察各组皱纹改善效果,并调查患者的满意度。结果:鱼尾纹组治疗有效率为94.5%,眉间纹组为88.7%,额纹组为95.2%,混合组为76.5%,四个组的满意度分别为94.4%、92.5%、92.9%、88.2%,组间比较无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:在面部除皱美容中局部应用A型肉毒毒素,可以显著改善患者的面部皱纹情况,疗效显著,且可提高患者的满意度,值得推广应用。     

121例整形美容受术者心理状态初步分析

目的探讨整形美容手术对受术者心理状态的影响。方法采用焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表、自尊量表、体像障碍自评量表及艾森克人格问卷的方法,对121例受术者进行问卷调查,并进行结果分析。结果在121例整形美容受术者中,术前焦虑、抑郁状态者分别为57%和27%。受术者术后自尊量表分值较术前上升2.631(P<0.01),体像障碍及精神质量表、神经质量表和掩饰程度分值分别下降6.131(P<0.01)、1.966(P<0.05)、3.458(P<0.01)和2.829(P<0.01)。术前受术者体像障碍与抑郁状态相关性r=0.193(P<0.05),回归方程为y=0.125x+30.278。结论受术者的自尊和体像障碍状态在整形美容手术术后有明显的改善。     

Observation of early postoperative hypoxaemia in children undergoing elective plastic surgery

The incidence, severity and duration of early postoperative hypoxaemia were determined in 420 healthy infants and children undergoing elective plastic surgery. Mean value of preoperative Spo₂ was 98.3 ± 0.87%. However, it decreased significantly to 92.7 ± 4.01% immediately following anaesthesia in the postanaesthesia recovery room (PAR) when children breathed room air. Then Spo₂ gradually increased to 93.8 ± 4.25% at 10 min, 95.4 ± 3.14% at 30 min, 96.6 ± 2.25% at 60 min, 96.9 ± 1.69% at 120 min, and 97.4 ± 1.55% at 180 min, respectively. The incidence of hypoxaemia and severe hypoxaemia, which were 14.8% and 6.2% respectively on arrival in the PAR, decreased significantly to 6.6% and 1.9%, 30 min later. The hypoxaemia occurred most commonly within 1 h, particularly the first 30 min following anaesthesia. The hypoxaemia was more common and more severe in children undergoing cleft palate repair than other kinds of plastic surgery. A significant correlation was found between low Spo₂ levels on admission to the PAR and children's age, fentanyl doses, and the infants’ recovery score.     

Quality of life and patient satisfaction with enhanced recovery protocols

Aim The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on the influence of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols and health related quality of life (HQoL) and patient satisfaction. Method A systematic review of the literature from January 1990 to February 2009 was undertaken. Studies were included if they compared HQoL and/or patient satisfaction after ERAS and conventional surgery (CS). Jadad score was used to evaluate the studies. Results were divided into immediate (first week), early (second to third week) and late (more than 30 days after surgery) post‐operative phases. A meta‐analysis was not possible due to the heterogeneity of the studies. Results Ten publications were included in the final analysis. In the first week after surgery, two non‐randomised trials found reduced fatigue and another 2 non‐randomised studies found reduced pain with ERAS. One randomised study found increased emotional distress on SF36 in ERAS patients. At two to three weeks after surgery, none of the multidimensional HQoL measures showed any differences. Increuscd fatigue was reported with CS in 2 studies. Limitations in activities of daily living were more marked after CS in one study. Beyond 30 days after surgery, none of the HQoL measures showed any differences. Only one non‐randomised study compared patient satisfaction after ERAS and CS and no difference was found. Conclusion There is no evidence that ERAS adversely affect HQoL or patient satisfaction. Certain aspects of HQoL such as pain and fatigue may improve with ERAS. Further research is required, especially in the early post‐operative period.