眼轮匝肌蒂颞部皮瓣修复颜面部软组织缺损

目的探讨用眼轮匝肌蒂颞部岛状皮瓣修复颜面部、鼻部及下睑小面积软组织缺损的方法及效果.方法1994年～1999年设计以眼轮匝肌为蒂,以同侧颞区无毛发区为供区,皮瓣最大范围3cm×5cm.皮瓣带蒂岛状移位至颜面部创面,共修复下睑外翻、鼻部、面部瘢痕及色素痣切除后的组织缺损12例.结果术后12例皮瓣完全成活,随访2年,疗效良好.皮瓣宽在3cm以下时供区均可直接缝合,术后较少遗留瘢痕及继发畸形.结论眼轮匝肌是一个多元血管供血的肌肉,以其眶部肌肉为蒂的同侧颞部无毛区岛状小皮瓣是修复颜面部小面积软组织缺损的一个可行方法.但颜面部组织缺损面积较大时,供区缝合困难,应慎用.     

眼轮匝肌蒂颞区皮瓣的临床应用

颞区是面部缺损修复的理想皮瓣供区。已有多位作者报告应用眼轮匝肌蒂颞区皮瓣修复眼睑缺损、鼻缺损以及面颊部缺损取得满意的修复效果[1 4] 。我们对本院 1995年 1月～ 2 0 0 1年 5月期间应用眼轮匝肌蒂颞区皮瓣的 6 2例患者进行了回顾性研究 ,并提出两种新的临床应用方法。1 临床资料 :我院应用此技术修复面部软组织缺损 6 2例 ,缺损部位包括上睑、下睑、鼻尖、鼻背、鼻翼、面颧部等 ,造成缺损的原因有外伤、烧伤、肿瘤、感染和先天性因素 ,手术效果令人满意。眼轮匝肌呈扁平状 ,该肌及其之上的皮肤血供丰富 ,它的一部分可用作皮瓣的蒂部 …     

颞侧眼轮匝肌蒂皮瓣修复眼睑缺损

目的：探讨以眼轮匝肌为蒂的颞区皮瓣修复眼睑缺损的临床应用。方法：在颞侧设计眼轮匝肌为蒂的皮瓣,将皮瓣向内推进或旋转1800修复睑缺损区。结果：7例眼睑缺损修复均取得了满意的效果,未出现并发症。结论：眼轮匝肌蒂颞区皮瓣修复眼睑缺损比局部或皮下蒂组织瓣易于移转,修复后外形满意且供区隐蔽,是修复眼睑缺损的良好选择。     

颞侧眼轮匝肌蒂岛状皮瓣的临床应用

目的 探讨用颞侧眼轮匝肌蒂岛状皮瓣修复眼睑及鼻部皮肤软组织缺损的方法及效果.方法 设计以眼轮匝肌为蒂,以同侧颞区无毛发区为供区的皮瓣,移位并修复上下睑外翻及上下睑和鼻部肿瘤或瘢痕切除后、鼻外伤组织缺损共30例.皮瓣面积为1.0 cm×1.8 cm～2.5 cm×4.5 cm.结果 30例巾除5例早期皮瓣远端出现静脉淤血经保守治疗好转外,全部皮瓣均完全成活,随访3个月至1年,较少遗留瘢痕及继发畸形,功能及外观满意.结论 以眼轮匝肌为蒂的颞侧岛状皮瓣是修复眼睑及鼻部小面积缺损的良好手术材料,具有易于转移、血供可靠、愈合快及供区隐蔽等优点.     

眼轮匝肌蒂颞区皮瓣修复眼睑缺损

目的:探讨以眼轮匝肌为蒂的颞区皮瓣修复眼睑缺损的临床应用.方法:根据对耳颠部颞浅动脉系统与额部及眼眶区周围血管系统之间的交通吻合情况的解剖学研究结果,应用以眼轮匝肌为蒂的颞区皮瓣修复眼睑缺损12例.结果:12例眼睑缺损修复均取得了满意的效果,未出现并发症.结论:眼轮匝肌蒂颞区皮瓣修复眼睑缺损比局部或皮下蒂组织瓣易于移转,修复后外形满意且供区隐蔽,是修复眼睑缺损的良好选择.     

眼轮匝肌蒂皮瓣修复睑皮肤缺损

探讨使用一种血供确实可靠、即时移转的皮瓣修复眼睑皮肤缺损。方法　采用以眼轮匝肌为蒂的颧部、颞部皮瓣修复同侧上睑或下睑皮肤缺损。结果　修复上睑或下睑挛缩瘢痕切除松解后创面 (8例 )、色素痣切除后创面 (4例 ) ,取得满意效果。结论　以眼轮匝肌为蒂的皮瓣具有确实可靠的血供、易于移转和供区可以直接缝合等优点 ,是一种修复眼睑皮肤缺损可供选用的方法。     

应用眼轮匝肌蒂颞部皮瓣修复鼻端缺损

目的：探讨一种有效修复鼻端缺损的手术方式。方法：利用眼轮匝肌与颞区之间充分的血运联系,设计以眼轮匝肌为蒂的颞部皮瓣,皮瓣经皮下隧道转移至受区,修复鼻部缺损。结果：本组11例,有10例皮瓣存活良好,1例术后出现皮瓣周缘部分坏死,颞部供区瘢痕轻微,眼裂无明显变形,效果比较满意。结论：眼轮匝肌蒂颞部皮瓣是修复鼻端缺损的较好方法。     

眼轮匝肌蒂颞区皮瓣修复中颌面部缺损的临床应用

目的探讨以眼轮匝肌为血供的皮瓣修复中颌面软组织缺损的可行性。方法通过对30例动脉内灌注红色乳胶的成人头颅标本，解剖观察研究眼轮匝肌形态及血供，以此为基础，设计眼轮匝肌为蒂的颞区皮瓣的修复中颌面部缺损12例。结果12例中鼻颊沟，鼻旁及鼻尖基底细胞癌4例，面颊部黑痣恶变2例，鼻旁血管瘤1例，上睑外伤性瘢痕外翻2例，下睑外伤性瘢痕外翻3例，软组织缺损面积最小1.0cm×1.5cm，最大面积为3.5cm×2.5cm，12例中1侧皮瓣远端发生静脉回流障碍致部分坏死，约0.8cm×1.5cm大小，经换药治疗痊愈，余11例均成活，随访2个月～4年，效果满意。结论以眼轮匝肌为蒂的颞区皮瓣是修复中颌面部小面积缺损的可供选用的手术方法。     

眼睑部眼轮匝肌皮下蒂皮瓣修复眼睑皮肤软组织缺损

目的:探讨用眼睑部眼轮匝肌皮下蒂皮瓣修复眼睑皮肤软组织缺损的方法与效果。方法:设计眼睑部眼轮匝肌皮下蒂皮瓣,远端携带有部分皮肤软组织,转移修复眼睑病变组织切除术遗留创面,供区直接缝合。结果:本组患者15例,术后皮瓣全部存活,随访3个月~1年,效果良好,术后无明显瘢痕及眼睑继发畸形,皮瓣色泽与周围皮肤一致,效果满意。结论:应用眼睑部眼纶匝肌皮下蒂皮瓣修复眼睑小面积皮肤软组织缺损灵活方便,血供可靠,是一种良好的手术方法。     

眼轮匝肌蒂颞颧区扩张皮瓣修复眶下区皮肤缺损

目的 探讨以外眦眼轮匝肌为蒂的颞颧区扩张皮瓣修复眶下区皮肤缺损的方法,并对该方法进行评价. 方法 对16例眶下区皮肤缺损患者,采用外眦眼轮匝肌为蒂的颞颧区扩张皮瓣进行修复.手术共分两期,一期手术在颞颧区埋置扩张器,二期手术设计以外眦眼轮匝肌为蒂的颞颧区扩张皮瓣,转移修复眶下区皮肤缺损. 结果 转移的颞颧区扩张皮瓣成活良好,11例患者获3个月至3年随访,颞颧区扩张皮瓣转移后未发生挛缩,切口瘢痕不明显,皮肤颜色、质地与眶周皮肤一致. 结论 以外眦眼轮匝肌为蒂的颞颧区扩张皮瓣能够修复较大面积眶下区皮肤缺损,设计灵活,皮瓣转移后对面部外形影响小.     

应用眼轮匝肌蒂颞部岛状皮瓣矫正睑外翻

目的探讨应用眼轮匝肌蒂颞部岛状皮瓣修复睑外翻的方法及效果。方法设计以眼轮匝肌为蒂的颞区皮瓣,将皮瓣旋转180°移位至眼睑部瘢痕松解后的创面,修复瘢痕性睑外翻。结果术后12例患者,皮瓣完全成活,随访6个月,睑外翻无复发,供区瘢痕不明显。结论眼轮匝肌蒂颞部岛状皮瓣血供可靠,修复睑外翻可取得功能与外观双重修复的满意结果。     

应用携带眼轮匝肌的斧形皮瓣修复眼睑分裂痣

目的：探讨应用携带眼轮匝肌的斧形皮瓣修复眼睑分裂痣的方法及效果。方法：设计位于外眦部的携带部分眼轮匝肌的斧形局部旋转皮瓣,修复切除眼睑分裂痣后形成的创面。其中病变范围最小为0.4cm×1.5cm,最大为1.5cm×3.8cm。结果：本组患者16例,术后皮瓣均完全成活。12例患者随访6～12个月,切除区域的痣无复发,皮瓣颜色与周围皮肤一致,瘢痕轻微,效果满意。结论：应用携带部分眼轮匝肌的斧形局部旋转皮瓣修复眼睑分裂痣手术操作方便,血供良好,色泽协调,是修复眼睑分裂痣的良好选择。     

眼轮匝肌蒂皮瓣修复眼睑分裂痣切除后皮肤缺损

目的：采用眼轮匝肌蒂皮瓣Ⅰ期修复眼睑分裂痣切除后的皮肤缺损。方法：切除上、下睑病变区皮肤,上睑缺损可行全厚皮片移植或局部A-T皮瓣修复。下睑根据皮肤缺损面积于缺损缘左右两侧各设计眼轮匝肌蒂皮瓣,酌情游离,向中间推进拼合,按睑袋术式缝合睑缘皮肤,Ⅰ期修复上、下睑皮肤缺损。结果：共治疗13例,皮瓣最大面积2cm×1.5cm,均Ⅰ期愈合,形态满意。结论：下睑双侧眼轮匝肌蒂皮瓣可Ⅰ期修复中度大小的眼睑分裂痣,方法简单,疗效满意。     

眼轮匝肌蒂颞区皮瓣修复面部缺损

目的面部缺损在临床上较为常见,因局部皮辦或皮下蒂皮辦是由皮下直接供血,皮瓣修复的区域受到限制。为此,进行了以面部表情肌为供血来源的皮辦探讨。方法通过对眼轮匝肌的血管及面神经颞支的解剖研究,扩大了以眼轮匝肌为蒂的颞区皮瓣的应用范围。结果 18例面部软组织缺损修复均取得了满意的效果。结论眼轮匝肌颞区皮辦比局部或皮下蒂组织辦易于移转,且供区隐散蔽。     

眼轮匝肌蒂颞区皮瓣修复面部缺损

目的面部缺损在临床上较为常见，因局部皮瓣或皮下蒂皮瓣是由皮下直接供血，皮瓣修复的区域受到限制。为此，进行了以面部表情肌为供血来源的皮瓣探讨。方法通过对眼轮匝肌的血管及面神经颞支的解剖研究，扩大了以眼轮匝肌为蒂的颞区皮瓣的应用范围。结果１８例面部软组织缺损修复均取得了满意的效果。结论眼轮匝肌颞区皮瓣比局部或皮下蒂组织瓣易于移转，且供区隐散蔽。     

Treatment of cicatricial lagophthalmos: very small orbicularis oculi muscle pedicled skin flap.

There are many methods for the correction of cicatricial lagophthalmos. Skin and soft tissue should be used to reconstruct the defect after release of tension. We used a very small orbicularis oculi muscle pedicled skin flap for the correction of mild to moderate degrees of cicatricial lagophthalmos in six cases. A small skin island flap from near the skin defect, pedicled on the orbicularis oculi muscle, was transposed to fill the defect. The length of the skin flap ranged from 5 mm to 11 mm. With a follow-up period ranging from 6 months to 18 months (mean: 11 months),we obtained satisfactory functional and aesthetic results. The eyelid closure was much improved and the discomfort was relieved. All the flaps survived without any healing problems. This small orbicularis oculi myocutaneous flap is very reliable and has a wide range of motion. This technique can be applied to eyelid-skin defects of various causes.     

Spatial orientation of motor innervation to the lower orbicularis oculi muscle

Background: Blepharoplasty and midface access incisions that are currently used were designed on the premise that innervation to the lower eyelid orbicularis oculi muscle approaches the muscle from its lateral aspect and that its segmental fascicles run parallel to the muscle's fibers. These incisions yield a high rate of complications that include ectropion and other eyelid malpositions. Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate the innervation of the lower orbicularis oculi muscle and determine how it is affected by lower eyelid surgery. Methods: Macroscopic anatomic dissections were performed on 10 frozen cadavers, and the origin and distribution of innervation was mapped. An additional 12 fresh cadaver specimens were dissected through use of 3.5× loupe magnification. Six ultrafresh cadaver specimens were used for histologic examination. Fixation was done in 10% formaldehyde. Axial incisions perpendicular to the facial plane were made at 5-mm intervals from the lower forehead level to the oral commissure. Hematoxylin and eosin specimens and Masson's trichrome specimens were made from alternating slices taken at 5-mm intervals. Results: The results of this anatomic study suggest that the upper eyelid orbicularis oculi muscle is innervated by fascicles of the temporal branch of the facial (VII) nerve. These nerves travel along the undersurface of the muscle and branch out parallel to the muscle fibers. The lower eyelid orbicularis oculi muscle seems to be innervated by 3 to 5 branches of the zygomatic nerve, which splits into 2 large groups of fascicles as it crosses the zygomaticus major muscle. These nerves continue toward the orbicularis oculi muscle, splitting into a plexus of nerves that approaches the orbicularis oculi muscle fibers at an angle of approximately 90°. No significant branches from the lateral aspect of the lower orbicularis oculi were observed in this study. Conclusions: The results of this anatomic study indicate that techniques that (1) approach the midface through the lower eyelid and (2) change the plane of dissection from deep to the orbicularis oculi muscle to superficial to the zygomaticus major muscle may place the innervation of the orbicularis oculi muscle at much higher risk.