ZHX3 基因沉默对BMSCs 中成骨相关因子表达的影响

目的探讨锌指蛋白和同源框3（ZHX3）基因沉默对骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）中smad3、smad4、RUNX2 表达的影响。方法构建ZHX3 低表达慢病毒载体并转染大鼠BMSCs（ZHX3 沉默组）,同时设空载病毒转染BMSCs （载体对照组）及不做任何处理的BMSCs（空白对照组）。荧光显微镜下测定细胞转染率并采用免疫印迹技术鉴定转染是否成功;采用免疫荧光化学和免疫印迹技术定性定量检测ZHX3 沉默时smad3、smad4、RUNX2 表达情况。结果（1）复苏培养的细胞具有BMSCs 表型。（2）转染后,ZHX3 沉默组和载体对照组均表达绿色荧光,空白对照组不表达荧光,且沉默组ZHX3 基因表达显著低于载体对照组。（3）免疫荧光结果显示,smad3、smad4 的阳性表达位于细胞核和细胞质,RUNX2 的阳性表达主要定位于细胞核。3 组细胞均可见阳性表达细胞,且空白对照组与载体对照组之间荧光强度未见显著差异,但ZHX3 基因沉默组的荧光强度显著低于2 个对照组。（4）免疫印迹检测smad3、 smad4、RUNX2 的条带于空白对照组和载体对照组中无显著差异,但均显著高于ZHX3 沉默组（P＜0.05）。结论 ZHX3 基因沉默后BMSCs 体外成骨能力延迟,可能通过下调smad3、smad4、RUNX2 来发挥作用。     

RNA干扰沉默DDX1基因的胶质瘤细胞系的建立

目的以短发夹核糖核酸(RNA)慢病毒载体建立DEAD-box解旋酶1(DDX1)基因稳定沉默的胶质母细胞瘤细胞株。方法针对DDX1基因设计2组短发夹RNA序列,退火形成的双链DNA与线性p LKO. 1-puro-e GFP质粒载体连接,构建慢病毒质粒载体,测序正确后进行慢病毒包装;将获得的重组慢病毒转染人胶质瘤U251细胞,转染细胞分为对照组和干扰组,对照组转染对照慢病毒(sh NC);干扰组转染慢病毒载体p LKO. 1-puro-e GFP-shRNA-DDX1(sh DDX1-1,sh DDX1-2)。用荧光显微镜观察绿色荧光蛋白表达,进行嘌呤霉素抗性筛选;用实时定量聚合酶链式反应(PCR)、蛋白免疫印迹法检测转染后U251细胞中DDX1 mRNA及蛋白表达。结果测序证实成功构建对照组和靶向DDX1基因的RNA干扰(RNAi)慢病毒载体,病毒悬液滴度均> 3×10~8TU·m L^-1。荧光显微镜下观察显示,对照组和干扰组转染效率高于85%;嘌呤霉素筛选后,干扰组sh DDX1-1、sh DDX1-2中DDX1 mRNA的抑制率分别为85. 44%和71. 66%,DDX1蛋白表达水平分别下降了99. 1%和96. 7%,均较对照组(100%)显著降低(均P <0. 01)。结论成功构建沉默DDX 1基因的胶质瘤细胞系,为研究DDX1对胶质瘤生物学行为的影响提供细胞模型。     

巨细胞病毒IE2的红色靶基因与绿色荧光-慢病毒系统的建立及其对人神经干细胞的感染

目的 RNA干扰技术沉默连接红色荧光蛋白mCherry与靶基因巨细胞病毒IE2的表达,并初步研究慢病毒感染神经干细胞的可能性。方法以人巨细胞病毒IE2 mRNA编码序列作为干扰靶点,以慢病毒质粒UTG作为载体,构建靶向巨细胞病毒IE2的shRNA表达质粒,构建携带IE2的mCherry红色荧光蛋白的质粒作为验证shRNA有效性的靶点,并转染293FT细胞。通过红色荧光的表达及RT-PCR和Western Blot确定最佳沉默IE2序列后,将有效的UTG-IE2质粒与辅助质粒共转染293FT细胞,获取高滴度慢病毒。应用慢病毒感染人神经干细胞,观察神经干细胞被慢病毒感染的情况并检测神经干细胞的绿色荧光表达情况。结果成功构建IE2-shRNA慢病毒载体UTG-shRNA-IE2,RT-PCR及Western Blot结果显示慢病毒感染的293FT细胞IE2 mRNA及蛋白表达相对于对照组显著降低。构建的慢病毒可以成功感染神经干细胞。结论红色靶基因-绿色慢病毒系统具有简便的筛选性能;UTG慢病毒对神经干细胞具有较高感染效率,可实现慢病毒介导的RNA干扰在神经干细胞内的有效表达,并为相关研究提供技术支持。     

慢病毒载体介导的bFGF基因转染兔BMSCs的实验研究

摘要： 目的 观察在体外培养条件下, 慢病毒载体介导的碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 （bFGF） 基因转染对兔骨髓基质干细胞 （BMSCs） 生物学特性的影响。方法 采用密度梯度离心法及贴壁筛选法获取 BMSCs; 利用慢病毒载体将 bFGF 基因转染到 BMSCs 中, 根据转染条件分为 bFGF 转染组、 空病毒组、 未转染组, 转染后分别对 3 组细胞的形态 bFGF mRNA 及蛋白表达、 细胞增殖情况、 细胞周期及碱性磷酸酶 （ALP） 活性进行观察。结果 采用密度梯度离心法和贴壁筛选法, 成功获得高纯度的 BMSCs。载有 bFGF 基因的慢病毒转染 BMSCs 后, 细胞形态无明显变化, 而 bFGF mRNA 与蛋白表达均明显增强、 细胞增殖曲线上移、 增殖期细胞比例增大、 ALP 活性明显增高, 与空病毒组及未转染组比较, 差异均有统计学意义 （P＜0.05)。结论 利用慢病毒载体将兔 bFGF 基因导入体外培养的 BMSCs, 目的基因获得稳定表达, 并且自身过表达的bFGF 可以促进BMSCs 的增殖与成骨分化。     

BMP2重组慢病毒转染兔BMSCs后细胞矿化的实验研究

目的 探讨骨形态发生蛋白2(BMP2)重组慢病毒转染兔骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)成骨分化后细胞矿化的能力。方法 密度梯度离心及贴壁培养法获取第5代兔BMSCs，流式细胞仪检测细胞表面标记。将BMSCs分为空白对照组(未转染)、Lv-EGFP组[转染仅携带增强绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)基因的慢病毒]和Lv-BMP2/EGFP组(转染携带BMP2和EGFP基因的慢病毒)。免疫组织化学染色、RT-PCR、Western blot检测BMP2蛋白和基因表达情况；SP法检测Ⅰ型胶原蛋白表达；茜素红染色法检测矿化结节形成；于转染第7、14、21天检测细胞碱性磷酸酶(ALP)水平；通过扫描电镜和能谱分析进一步观测矿化结节表面微观形貌及其主要元素构成。结果 流式细胞仪检测显示第5代BMSCs的细胞表面CD44、CD29表达呈阳性，CD45表达呈阴性；免疫组织化学染色、RT-PCR、Western blot显示Lv-BMP2/EGFP组较Lv-EGFP组及空白对照组能高效表达BMP2目的蛋白和基因，转染第7、14、21天ALP水平较其余2组升高，Ⅰ型胶原染色及茜素红染色均呈阳性，扫描电镜下见矿化结节散...     

AKT1基因过表达骨髓间充质干细胞的建立

目的 使用慢病毒系统建立AKT1基因过表达的稳转骨髓间充质干细胞.方法 扩增AKT1 cDNA基因,并构建AKT1-cDNA表达载体,再结合穿梭质粒pCDH1-AKT1转染人胚肾293T细胞进行扩增后,使用慢病毒转染系统进行基因重组,并以其为载体转染猪的骨髓间充质干细胞,观察其荧光表达,采用Western blot和RT-PCR分别检测AKT1蛋白和mRNA表达水平.结果 双酶切鉴定和测序结果表明,所获取的cDNA为AKT1的蛋白质编码功能区基因.293T细胞和骨髓间充质干细胞的转染效率均达到90％以上.Western blot和RT-PCR结果表明,稳转细胞的AKT1蛋白和mRNA表达水平均明显高于原代细胞.结论 成功构建AKT1-cDNA表达载体;通过使用慢病毒系统,猪骨髓间充质干细胞能长期稳定过表达AKT1.     

PC12细胞SLC6A4基因沉默稳转细胞系的建立及SLC6A4基因沉默对缺氧PC12细胞凋亡的影响

目的 构建SLC6A4基因RNA干扰（RNAi）-短发夹RNA（shRNA）慢病毒表达载体,建立慢病毒介导沉默SLC6A4基因的PC12细胞稳转细胞系,检测SLC6A4基因沉默对缺氧诱导的细胞凋亡的影响。方法 设计合成3条针对SLC6A4基因的shRNA干扰序列,构建于慢病毒载体质粒GV248中,在293T细胞中共转染进行慢病毒包装。转染大鼠肾上腺髓质嗜铬细胞瘤PC12细胞,荧光显微镜观察GFP荧光,筛选最佳shRNA干扰序列,应用嘌呤霉素筛选出稳定转染的细胞株。应用RT-PCR方法检测SLC6A4基因的表达,Western blot方法检测蛋白5-HTT的表达变化,流式细胞术检测沉默SLC6A4基因对缺氧诱导的PC12细胞凋亡的影响。结果 成功构建SLC6A4-shRNA慢病毒载体并转染PC12细胞,与正常对照组及干扰对照组比较,干扰组细胞内SLC6A4基因和蛋白表达明显降低（P<0.01）,证实慢病毒载体能够有效沉默SLC6A4基因,沉默SLC6A4基因可以逆转缺氧诱导的细胞凋亡。结论 通过shRNA慢病毒载体途径可有效沉默PC12细胞SLC6A4基因,沉默SLC6A4基因可以逆转缺氧诱导的细胞凋亡。     

慢病毒介导的siRNA沉默结肠癌HCT116细胞中Slug基因表达的影响

目的探讨慢病毒载体介导RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)慢病毒载体在结肠癌HCT116细胞中的沉默效应。方法构建Slug基因特异性siRNA慢病毒载体,感染结肠癌HCT116细胞,设立空白对照组、阴性对照组及Slug siRNA三组,应用qRT-PRC和Western blot方法分别从基因和蛋白水平检测各组干扰质粒对Slug基因的干扰效果。结果转染Slug siRNA后,结肠癌HCT116细胞中Slug基因mRNA和蛋白表达明显受到抑制(P<0.05)。结论 Slug siRNA能明显沉默靶基因Slug的表达,并且可能成为潜在治疗肿瘤的新靶点。     

RNA干扰对SKOV3卵巢癌细胞株Skp2表达的抑制作用

目的:探讨RNA干扰(RNAi)技术对SKOV3卵巢癌细胞株Skp2表达的抑制作用.方法:设计合成针对Skp2的小干涉RNA(siRNA)并进行转染.实验分为空白对照组、转染组1、转染组2、转染对照组及阴性对照组.采用Real time PCR和Western blotting技术检测各组Skp2 mRNA和蛋白水平的变化,通过细胞计数试剂盒-8(CCK-8)法检测各组卵巢癌细胞增殖情况.结果:应用Skp2-siRNA干扰SKOV3卵巢癌细胞株后,转染组1、转染组2的Skp2mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显降低,细胞增殖明显受限,与空白对照组相比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),转染组1与转染组2之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).转染组1与转染组2基因沉默效率分别为75.31%和76.86%,蛋白抑制率分别为62.10%和63.11%,细胞增殖抑制率分别为52.75%和53.06%.结论:RNAi技术能够抑制SKOV3卵巢癌细胞株Skp2的表达,从而抑制卵巢癌细胞的增殖.     

重组腺相关病毒介导红荧光蛋白在骨髓间充质干细胞的表达

目的构建表达红荧光(DsRed)重组腺相关病毒,研究腺相关病毒对骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)的转染效率。方法DsRed目的基因经酶切插入载体质粒pAAV-MCS,构建重组质粒pAAV-DsRed。磷酸钙法转染AAV-293细胞获取重组腺相关病毒。将AAV-DsRed体外转染原代培养的兔BMSCs,分析其转染效率。结果成功构建重组质粒pAAV-DsRed,获得腺相关病毒AAV-DsRed,并感染兔BMSCs。结论腺相关病毒能够转染BMSCs并表达外源基因,具有应用于临床治疗的潜力。     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg.kg) or i.p. (50 mg.kg) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) l.h. kg in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) l.h. kg in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg x kg(-1)) or i.p. (50 mg x kg(-1)) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was approximately 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p < 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p < 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 +/- 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 +/- 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Interindividual variability in metabolic activation in humans in vivo

In assessing interindividual variability in metabolic activation, the toxic metabolite is often too unstable for conventional analysis. Possible alternatives include a stable product of the reactive metabolite e.g. cysteinyl derivatives of N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine, the toxic metabolite of paracetamol, adducts with DNA or protein, and indirect measurement of the activity of the enzyme(s) producing the active metabolite. An example of the last approach is the use of furafylline, a highly specific inhibitor of human CYP1A2, to determine the extent of the metabolic activation of the cooked food mutagens PhIP and MeIQx. The extent of inhibition, determined from levels of unchanged amine in urine, is an indirect measure of the activity of the activation pathway. Further refinement of this approach, allied to improved measures of the biological process of interest should prove of value in evaluating interindividual variability and its role in the risk assessment process.     

Theophylline kinetics in peripheral tissues in vivo in humans

Several biochemical and cellular effects have been described for methylxanthines under in vitro conditions. However, it is unknown, whether threshold concentrations required to exert these effects are attained in target tissues in vivo. We therefore employed the microdialysis technique for measuring theophylline concentrations in peripheral tissues under in vivo conditions.Following in vitro and in vivo calibration, microdialysis probes were inserted into the medial vastus muscle and into the periumbilical subcutaneous adipose layer of healthy volunteers. Following single oral dose administration of 300 mg or i.v. infusion of 240 mg theophylline, in vivo time courses of theophylline concentrations were monitored in tissues and plasma. Major pharmacokinetic parameters (c_max, t_max, AUC) were calculated for plasma and tissue time courses. The mean AUC_tissue /AUC_plasma-ratio was 0.56 (p.o.) and 0.55 (i.v.) for muscle and 0.55 (p.o.) and 0.72 (i.v.) for subcutaneous adipose tissue.We conclude that microdialysis provides important information on the distribution and the tissue pharmacokinetics of theophylline.Abbreviations FPIA Fluorescence polarisation immuno assay - AUC Area under the curve - t_max Time to peak concentration - c_max Peak concentration     

休克时血中氧自由基的变化

本实验测定10名休克患者血浆和红细胞的丙二醛(MDA)、血浆总抗的氧化活性(AOA)的含量。结果表明:休克病人红细胞膜和血浆 MDA 含量(4.298±0.722;5.348±0.834)与对照组(3.235±0.682;4.356±1.081)比较明显增高(P<0.05);血浆 AOA(39.65±7.858)与对照组(48.21±10.81)比较明显降低(P<0.01)。提示:休克时,患者机体内自由基反应增强是引起组织细胞损伤的原因之一。     

Changes in angiopoietin expression in glomeruli involved in glomerulosclerosis in rats with daunorubicin-induced nephrosis

AIM: To study the potential pathological role of endogenous angiopoietins in daunorubicin-induced progressive glomerulosclerosis in rats. METHODS: Seventy male Wistar rats were allocated randomly into a daunorubicin group (DRB; n=40) or a control group (n=30). The rats in the DRB group were injected with DRB (15 mg/kg), in their tails. Subsequently, at intervals of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks, 5 male Wistar rats in each group were chosen randomly for 24 h urinary protein quantitative measurements (24 h UPQM), and determination of plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), and angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) levels. Kidney sections were examined by electron microscopy, Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining, immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization histochemistry. RESULTS: As glomerulosclerosis progressed in the DRB group, expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli decreased and expression of TNF-alpha protein, Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli increased. Expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were negatively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression, and mean area of extracellular matrix (MAECM). In comparison, expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were positively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression and MAECM; furthermore, there was a positive correlation between plasma Ang2 and 24 h UPQM. Plasma TNF-alpha and expression of TNF-alpha in glomeruli were positively correlated with expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli. There was a negative correlation between Ang1 protein expression and Ang2 protein expression in glomeruli. CONCLUSION: During DRB-induced glomerulosclerosis, podocyte injury led to a shift in the balance of Ang1 and Ang2 in glomeruli. Increased TNF-alpha in plasma and glomeruli may upregulate Ang2 expression in glomeruli. Elevated Ang2 in both plasma and glomeruli may mediate protein permeability through the glomerular filtration barrier. Moreover, local expression of Ang2 may facilitate the progress of glomerulosclerosis by upregulating a component expression of extracellular matrix.     

Trichinellosis in immigrants in Switzerland

We describe a case of trichinellosis diagnosed at the Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Lugano, in January 2009. This case was associated with a cluster of cases and was traced to the consumption of contaminated meat after a wild boar hunt in Bosnia.