Primary use of silicone oil tamponade in the management of perforating globe injury secondary to inadvertent local anaesthesia injection for ophthalmic surgery

Perforating and penetrating globe injuries secondary to peribulbar and retrobulbar anaesthesia are often complicated by vitreous haemorrhage and retinal detachment. We describe the effectiveness of primary silicone oiltamponade in the repair of three perforatedglobes secondary to local anaesthesia for ophthalmic surgery. Three patients with axial myopia had peribulbar and retrobulbar anaesthesia for extracapsular cataract extraction (two patients) and cryotherapy (one patient). All eyes sustained a vitreous haemorrhage obscuring the view to the fundus. Retinal detachments were detected by B-scan ultrasound. In all eyes, scleral buckling, pars plana vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade were performed as a primary surgical procedure. All the patients had complete anatomic reposition. In two patients, after two years follow-up, visual acuity was between 6/12to 6/36 with the retina attached and no proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). The third patient had blind painful eye and enucleation was performed. Primary use of silicone oil tamponade, in the management of perforated globe with retinal detachment due to local anaesthesia injection, is recommended. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Complicated retinal detachment and its management with pars plana vitrectomy.

Fifty patients with retinal detachment accompanied by vitreous haemorrhage, perforating eye injuries, intraocular foreign bodies, massive preretinal retraction,.giant tears greater than 180 degrees, and proliferative retinopathies underwent pars plana vitrectomy, cryocoagulation, scleral buckling, and intravitreal gas injection. Intraoperative complications included minimal to moderate bleeding and iatrogenic retinal tears, but no retinal dialysis was produced at the pars plana sclerotomy site. Postoperative complications included recurrent vitreous haemorrhage, rubeosis, haemolytic, erythroclastic, or neovascular glaucoma, transient increase of intraocular pressure, uveitis, and macular pucker. Phthisis bulbi occurred in 6 eyes; in 3 of these eyes enucleation was required. Successful reattachment was accomplished in 56% of these complicated retinal detachments, most of which had been considered inoperable by conventional techniques. Visual improvement was achieved in 46% of eyes. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 29 months.     

视网膜血管瘤分期及治疗效果观察

目的观察不同临床分期的视网膜血管瘤采用激光光凝、冷冻、玻璃体视网膜手术以及瘤体切除等方法治疗的临床效果，探讨玻璃体视网膜手术治疗的适应证 。方法回顾分析22例视网膜血管瘤33只患眼治疗前后的临床资料。治疗前按照视网膜血管瘤有无明显扩张供养血管、周围渗出、局限性视网膜脱离、广泛视网膜脱离至晚期并发症的过程,将本病分为5期。其中13只患眼主要采用单纯激光光凝治疗；5只 患眼主要采用冷冻联合激光光凝治疗；11只眼患眼采用玻璃体视网膜手术治疗，其中3只眼同时进行了视网膜血管瘤瘤体切除治疗。治疗后平均随访时间46个月，对比分析患者治疗前 后视力、视网膜血管瘤以及视网膜等情况。结果单纯激光光凝治疗的1 3只眼视网膜血管瘤均退行萎缩，视网膜平伏，视力提高2只眼，不变11只眼；冷冻联合激光光凝治疗的5只眼中，4只眼视网膜血管瘤退行萎缩，未见血管瘤复发，1只眼出现玻璃体视 网膜增生及玻璃体积血需进一步采用玻璃体视网膜手术治疗，视力提高2只眼，不变2只眼，下降1只眼；玻璃体视网膜手术治疗的11只眼中，1只眼出现新的血管瘤，2只眼血管瘤引起 渗出性视网膜脱离，2只眼再次出现玻璃体视网膜增生，8只眼视网膜平伏，视力提高3只眼，不变3只眼，下降5只眼。同时进行视网膜血管瘤瘤体切除治疗的3只眼中均未见血管瘤复发，2只眼视网膜平伏，1只眼出现渗出性视网膜脱离，视力提高2只眼，下降1只眼。结论单纯激光光凝或联合冷冻治疗对早期视网膜血管瘤患者有效；对伴有玻璃体积血、视网膜前膜形成、增生明显、视网膜脱离范围大的晚期视网膜血管瘤病变宜采用玻璃体视网膜手术治疗，视网膜血管瘤瘤体切除可有选择性应用，其远期效果仍有待观察。  （中华眼底病杂志，2008，24：107-110）     

外伤性视网膜脱离的玻璃体手术治疗

目的:评价外伤性视网膜脱离的玻璃体手术治疗方法及疗效。方法:对24例(24眼)外伤性视网膜脱离患者行常规经平坦部玻璃体切除、膜剥离、松解性视网膜切开、眼内激光、硅油或长效气体眼内填充等治疗,部分病例联合巩膜扣带术;随访3～24mo,观察疗效。结果:24眼术后视网膜均复位,视力均有不同程度的提高,随访期间,19例视网膜保持平复,5例复发视网膜脱离,其中3例经再手术视网膜复位,另2例因眼球萎缩未再手术。结论:外伤性视网膜脱离多伴有浓密的玻璃体积血、视网膜嵌塞及严重的增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变(prolifera-tivevitreoretinopathy,PVR),通过适时的玻璃体手术能获得比较满意的治疗效果。     

One hundred consecutive cases of pars plana vitrectomy with the vitreous stripper

The results of 100 consecutive cases of pars plana vitrectomy are reported. Vitrectomy was performed on accunt of complications of diabetic retinopathy (37 eyes), complicated retinal detachment (28 eyes), vitreous haemorrhage of various causes (17 eyes), vitreous haemorrhage and complications secondary to injuries (13 eyes) and secondary cataract or vitreous in the anterior chamber creating corneal dystrophy (5 eyes). With an average follow-up time of 14.2 months, vitrectomy resulted in visual improvement in 55 eyes, unchanged visual acuity in 24 eyes and reduced visual acuity in 21 eyes. The operative and postoperative complications were: secondary vitreous haemorrhage (11 eyes), retinal detachment (8 eyes), haemorrhagic glaucoma (7 eyes), retinal tears (5 eyes), lens injury (4 eyes), corneal dystrophy (2 eyes) and endophthalmitis (1 eye).     

Long-term results of vitrectomy and silicone oil in 500 cases of complicated retinal detachments

We retrospectively analyzed by life table analysis the visual and functional results in 500 eyes that underwent combined vitrectomy and silicone oil for various types of complicated retinal detachments. The cumulative proportion of eyes with attached retina was 77% at six months postoperatively, with a range of 71% for perforating injuries to 85% for posterior holes. The proportion of eyes with a visual acuity of 5/200 or better was 69% at six months, with a range of 56% for perforating injuries to 81% for posterior holes. Sixty-nine eyes had poor visual function despite an attached retina, primarily because of cataract (18 eyes) and preexisting retinal or optic disease (31 eyes). Visual function in eyes with clear optical media and an attached retina was stable over time, except in patients with diabetes. No clinical evidence of retinal toxicity to silicone oil was noted.     

Characteristics of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in pseudophakic and phakic eyes

AimsTo investigate whether pseudophakic and phakic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) patterns differ.MethodsRetrospective review of electronic database of patients, aged 50 years or over, presenting to our vitreoretinal service. Data included baseline characteristics, digital drawings, and outcomes. Retinal drawings were analysed in a masked fashion for site, size, and number of retinal breaks. Comparisons were made between the following groups and subgroups: pseudophakic eyes, phakic eyes, phakic eyes with cataract, and phakic eyes without cataract.ResultsOf 500 eyes included, 146 were pseudophakic; 177 of the phakic eyes had cataract. The following were significant by univariate analysis: pseudophakic patients were older than phakic patients in general, but the same age as patients with cataract; in the pseudophakic group, there were lower proportions of females and of patients presenting with vitreous haemorrhage or with large or superotemporal breaks; higher proportions of pseudophakic eyes had small breaks and inferonasal breaks. Some differences remained significant when comparing pseudophakia eyes with cataract. Multivariate analysis comparing pseudophakia with phakia confirmed a lower chance in pseudophakia of large breaks, vitreous haemorrhage and superotemporal breaks, but higher chance of detached inferior breaks. Some variables were age dependent.ConclusionDifferences were found between pseudophakic and phakic RRD patterns. These suggest special pathogenetic mechanisms in pseudophakic retinal detachment, which could help explain increased incidences of RRD after cataract surgery.     

Viscodelamination at the vitreoretinal juncture in severe diabetic eye disease.

Injection of 1% methylcellulose or 1% sodium hyaluronate (Healonid) was used to separate attached vitreous cortex and fibrovascular epiretinal membranes from the retina in 40 eyes undergoing closed microsurgery for severe diabetic eye disease. The viscodelamination technique was of great value in elevating vitreous cortex or sparsely vascularised epiretinal membranes, especially in eyes with combined traction and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. However, bleeding from or tearing of the retina limited the usefulness of this technique in the surgery of highly vascularised and adherent membranes, as in eyes with table-top traction retinal detachment. Recurrent epiretinal membrane proliferation was seen in some eyes postoperatively.     

Auckland proliferative diabetic vitrectomy fellow eye study

BACKGROUND: To review medical and ophthalmic findings of primary diabetic vitrectomy patients to examine indices important in progression to fellow eye surgery. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was undertaken of all diabetic patients undergoing vitreoretinal surgery at Auckland Public Hospital between January 1992 and July 1996. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed along with univariate and multivariate (Cox Proportional Hazards) data analysis. RESULTS: One hundred and fourteen primary diabetic vitrectomy cases were reviewed with mean follow-up duration of 4 years. Thirty-eight per cent (n = 43) of the study group underwent fellow eye surgery at a mean time of 1.6 years after first eye surgery. Fourteen patients were already blind in the fellow eye at baseline, and five patients refused second eye surgery on intention to treat. Thus there were 62 (54%) patients with severe (surgical threshold) fellow eye disease diagnosed within the follow-up period. The presence of either tractional retinal detachment or combined rhegmatogenous/tractional retinal detachment but without vitreous haemorrhage in the presenting eye was, in this series, a risk factor for fellow eye surgery (OR 5.56; 95% CI 1.96-15.8). Maori and Pacific Islander ethnicity was significantly associated with traction retinal detachment (OR 2.23; 95% CI 1.05-4.7). At data analysis 57% (n = 60) of the study patients had died. The mean time to death was 4.3 years, with 84% of these patients having evidence of renal disease at the time of their first eye surgery. Good visual function in at least one eye was maintained in many patients. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of diabetic vitrectomy patients require fellow eye surgery. Absence of vitreous haemorrhage in the presenting eye (i.e. tractional or combined rhegmatogenous/tractional retinal detachments but without vitreous haemorrhage) was predictive of need for fellow eye surgery. The need for diabetic vitrectomy correlates with poor survival in this study population.     

Combined surgery, phacoemulsification, implantation of intraocular lens and pars plana vitrectomy

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness, technical feasibility and incidence of complications after combining pars plana vitrectomy, phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The results of combined vitreoretinal and cataract surgery in 100 eyes of 96 patients were retrospectively and prospectively analyzed. The mean follow-up period was 8.4 months. All patients had clinically significant lens opacities and vitreoretinal pathology requiring pars plana vitrectomy. Indications for vitreoretinal surgery included: persistent vitreous haemorrhage (28 eyes), vitreous hemorrhage combined with tractional retinal detachment (50 eyes), tractional retinal detachment without vitreous haemorrhage caused by proliferative diabetic retinopathy (7 eyes), rheumatogenous retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (10 eyes) and dislocated crystalline lens in the vitreous (5 eyes). RESULTS: Postoperatively, best corrected visual acuity improved in 81 eyes (81%)- by two lines or more in 31 eyes (31%) - by less than two lines in 50 eyes (50%). In 14 eyes (14%) visual acuity was unchanged and was worse in 5 cases (5%). Postoperative complications included fibrin reaction, posterior synechias of the iris, vitreous hemorrhage, neovascular glaucoma, posterior capsule opacification, redetachment of retina. CONCLUSIONS: Our cases confirm previous study, that performing phacoemulsification, IOL implantation and vitrectomy in one operation is safe and allows visual recovery with good technical results.     

Lens-sparing vitrectomy for stage 4 and stage 5 retinopathy of prematurity

PURPOSE: To describe the results of lens-sparing vitrectomy for the correction of retinal detachment associated with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and its associated complications. METHODS: Seventeen patients who underwent a lens-sparing vitrectomy for stage 4 and stage 5 ROP with plus disease at Seoul National University Children' s Hospital between 1999 and 2003 were enrolled in this study. The patients who had bilateral retinal detachment of ROP underwent a lens-sparing vitrectomy in one eye and a scleral buckling surgery or lensectomy-vitrectomy in the other eye. The patients who had a retinal detachment in one eye and a regressed ROP in the other eye underwent unilateral lens-sparing vitrectomies. A review of their preoperative clinical findings (including the status of retinal detachment and plus disease), post-operative results, and any complications encountered was performed. RESULTS: In 17 patients, the postoperative success rate of lens-sparing vitrectomy was 58.8%. However, lens-sparing vitrectomy as a treatment for stage 5 ROP (25.0%) produced more negative post-operative results than it did when used to treat either those for stage 4a (75,0%) or 4b (66.7%) ROP. Among the 10 eyes in which the retina was attached, form vision was shown in six eyes, light could be followed by three eyes, and no light perception was present in one eye. Intra- and post-operative complications included retinal break formation, cataracts, vitreous hemorrhages, and glaucoma in patients with stages 4b and stage 5 ROP. CONCLUSIONS: Lens-sparing vitrectomy resulted in encouraging surgical outcomes in the correction of retinal detachment of ROP, especially in stage 4 patients. Therefore, a lens-sparing vitrectomy for stage 4 ROP patient may be beneficial, although it is still associated with some intra- and post-operative complications.     

Tomographic features and surgical outcomes of vitreomacular traction syndrome

PURPOSE: To study the relation between preoperative macular changes and surgical outcomes in vitreomacular traction syndrome. DESIGN: Prospective study. METHODS: We prospectively examined 14 eyes of 13 patients (aged 48 to 82 years; mean 66.1) with vitreomacular traction syndrome using optical coherence tomography (OCT) before and after vitreous surgery. RESULTS: OCT demonstrated two types of partial posterior vitreous detachment: incomplete V-shaped detachment in 10 eyes (group 1) and partial detachment temporal to the fovea but attached nasally in 4 eyes (group 2). Preoperative OCT showed foveal retinal detachment in all eyes in group 1; the detached retina was intact in 2 eyes and edematous with (6 eyes) or without (2 eyes) cystic changes. After surgery, these 10 eyes had a normal foveal configuration accompanied by visual improvement. In group 2, 3 of the 4 eyes had prominent cystoid macular edema (CME) without foveal retinal detachment before surgery. After surgery, 2 eyes developed a full-thickness macular hole, 1 had persistent CME, and 1 developed macular atrophy. The visual acuity decreased in 2 eyes and remained the same in 2 eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Two types of vitreous traction develop in vitreomacular traction syndrome: an incomplete V-shaped posterior vitreous detachment that leads to foveal retinal detachment, the surgical outcome of which is favorable, and partial posterior vitreous detachment temporal to the fovea in which prominent CME developed, which may result in a macular hole or macular atrophy postoperatively.     

Three-dimensional observations of developing macular holes

PURPOSE: To describe the morphologic features of idiopathic macular holes and vitreous traction during macular hole evolution. METHODS: We prospectively examined 89 eyes of 82 patients with idiopathic macular holes (stage 1, 15 eyes; stage 2, 16 eyes; stage 3, 50 eyes; stage 4, eight eyes) using optical coherence tomography. In addition to optical coherence tomography, scanning laser ophthalmoscopy was performed in all 15 eyes with stage 1 hole, six of 16 eyes with stage 2, and 19 of 50 eyes with stage 3. RESULTS: In stage 1 eyes, optical coherence tomography revealed retinal split or cystic changes at the fovea in 11 of 15 eyes (73%) and foveal retinal detachment in four eyes (27%). Two eyes with foveal cysts progressed to stage 2, and one developed a stage 3 hole. In one eye with retinal detachment, the detached retina thinned and developed dehiscence. Optical coherence tomography showed a vitreous cortex that was detached in the perifoveal area but attached on the fovea in 11 of the 15 stage 1 eyes. In stage 2 macular holes, retinal tissue extending from the perifoveal retina formed a flap. Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy demonstrated intraretinal radiating striae, which corresponded to a foveal cyst or perifoveal cystic changes. CONCLUSIONS: Macular holes start as retinal splits or foveal cysts in most cases. The anterior wall of the cyst serves as a flap in stage 2 and an operculum in stage 3 holes. Radiating striae correspond to retinal splits or cysts and presumably represent an elevation of Henle fiber. In a few macular holes, foveal detachment is the initial change. The detached retina thins and eventually develops a hole. In both courses, anterior traction of the slightly detached vitreous cortex appears to be a major contributing factor to macular hole formation.     

Prophylactic scleral buckling in perforating ocular injuries involving the posterior segment

Twenty patients suffering from perforating injury involving the posterior segment of the eye without retinal tear or detachment underwent posterior vitrectomy. In 12 of these where traction of the retina was suspected, prophylactic scleral buckling was performed as well. Only two of these patients developed delayed retinal detachment. Six of the eight patients who did not undergo scleral buckling at the time of the vitrectomy developed this complication. This finding was statistically significant (P = .015) and supports the use of prophylactic scleral buckling in the treatment of eyes with perforating injuries involving the posterior segment to prevent delayed retinal detachment.     

Structural features of attached retina in rhegmatogenous retinal detachments

PURPOSE: To examine the thickness and structural features of the ophthalmoscopically normal-appearing, attached retina in rhegmatogenous retinal detachments by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and compare them with those of the fellow eye. METHODS: Seventy eyes of 35 patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachments were included in this study. The retinal detachments were not total. None of the patients had pathologic myopia or a history of ocular surgery. The fellow eyes were ophthalmoscopically normal and used as controls. Attached retinal sites of the eyes with a retinal detachment and the corresponding retinal sites of the fellow eyes were examined by OCT. Three OCT sections were taken from each eye, and thicknesses of three reflective zones corresponding to the inner part of the neurosensory retina (partial neurosensory retina), photoreceptor-photoreceptor outer segment, and total retinal thickness on each OCT section were measured and compared with those of the fellow eye. These three measurements were taken as the main outcome measures and performed on five different sites of each OCT section taken from each eye. RESULTS: The mean partial neurosensory retinal thickness of the attached retina in the eyes with a retinal detachment and the corresponding retinal sites in the fellow eyes was 172.74 +/- 14.23 microm and 170.60 +/- 16.51 microm, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between these two values. The mean photoreceptor outer segment thickness of the attached retina in the eyes with a retinal detachment and the corresponding retinal sites in the fellow eyes was 62.74 +/- 12.02 microm and 58.23 +/- 15.14 microm, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between these two values. The mean total retinal thickness of the still-attached retina in the eyes with a retinal detachment and the corresponding retinal sites in the fellow eyes were 293.23 +/- 27.87 microm and 277.06 +/- 19.12 microm, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between these two values. CONCLUSIONS: The main difference between the two groups of eyes was at the level of the thickness of the black hyporeflective zone, corresponding anatomically to the photoreceptor and photoreceptor outer segment that enlarges in the retinal detachments. Therefore, there may be a subclinical retinal detachment or a global retinal relaxation even in the ophthalmoscopically normal-appearing, still-attached retina. This may be the underlying cause of preoperative and postoperative signs and symptoms. Additional studies are required to confirm these findings.     

严重PDR玻璃体切割术后雷珠单抗注射的效果观察

目的：对严重增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变的患者行玻璃体切割术后行雷珠单抗注射的效果观察。方法：回归性分析。12例严重增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变患者(12眼)接受睫状体平坦部玻璃体切割术,同时给予硅油、惰性气体或者平衡液的玻璃体腔填充。在手术结束的同时给予雷珠单抗的玻璃体腔注射。结果：随访时间平均为2.75 mo。这12眼中分别包括玻璃体积血(1眼);玻璃体积血伴纤维血管化增生(1眼);玻璃体积血伴牵拉性视网膜脱离(3眼);纤维血管化增生伴牵拉性视网膜脱离(2眼);玻璃体积血伴新生血管性青光眼伴牵拉性视网膜脱离(1眼);玻璃体积血伴纤维血管化增生伴牵拉性视网膜脱离(2眼);玻璃体积血伴纤维血管化增生伴新生血管性青光眼伴牵拉性视网膜脱离(1眼);玻璃体积血伴牵拉性孔源性视网膜脱离(1眼)。12眼中,8眼行玻璃体腔硅油填充,2眼行惰性气体填充,2眼行平衡液填充。所有的患者之前均未接受任何治疗。视网膜脱离复位率为10/10(100%)。1眼术后出现前房积血。9眼术后最佳矫正视力较术前提高,2眼无明显变化,1眼较术前下降。 OCT检查显示8眼术后未见黄斑水肿。结论：玻璃体切割术后雷珠单抗注射对严重增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变患者有明显的治疗效果：手术成功率明显提高;患者视力显著提高;糖尿病黄斑水肿的发生概率减少;术中及术后并发症的发生率降低。     

Penetrating eye injury from a rigid infant pacifier

Background: The use of infant pacifiers (dummies) is common in Australasian communities and has been reported to be associated with various injuries, but to date ocular trauma has not been reported.
Case report: A 14-month-old child sustained a penetrating eye injury from the infant pacifier that was in his mouth during a minor fall. Only a lid laceration was detected at the time. One week later he presented with mydriasis, heterochromia and a poor red reflex. Diagnosis of a penetrating eye injury was made by examination under anaesthesia, with B-scan ultrasonography demonstrating hypotony but no retinal detachment or intraocular foreign body. Funduscopy revealed a small inferior vitreous haemorrhage. Exploration of the globe adjacent to the lid wound showed a 6 mm laceration through the sclera plugged with prolapsed vitreous.
Conclusion: Serious ocular injury may result after a minor fall with some designs of rigid infant pacifiers. Heterochromia and anisocoria noted by the mother heralded more serious ocular injury in this case. The delay in diagnosis of this injury emphasises the importance of ocular examination to exclude eye trauma when injuries occur around the orbit.     

The role of the vitreous in retinal detachment surgery with external buckling

PURPOSE: To prove the role of the vitreous in retinal detachment surgery with scleral buckling procedures, we retrospectively investigated the charts of patients who were operated on for retinal detachment by scleral buckling between January 1995 and June 1997. METHODS: Out of a total of 718 cases, 41 retinal detachments occurred in previously vitrectomized eyes. The buckling procedure consisted of silicone sponge explants in 513 cases (254 radial, 259 circumferential) and of encircling elements in 202 cases. Three eyes received a temporary balloon. The minimal follow-up was 3 months. RESULTS: After primary surgery in the 677 nonvitrectomized eyes, the retina was attached in 482 eyes (71.2%), after reoperation in 627 eyes (92.6%). With up to 3 reoperations (including vitrectomy with gas or silicone oil tamponade in 79 eyes), the final success rate was 98.7%. The corresponding reattachment rates in the 41 vitrectomized eyes were 82.9% after primary surgery and 97.6% after reoperation. Repeated surgery in 6 eyes consisted of successful internal tamponade by silicone oil. The reattachment rates after primary buckle procedure are of most interest to the role of the vitreous: the highest success rate (82.9%) was achieved in the vitrectomized eyes versus 71.2% in the nonvitrectomized eyes. The difference is statistically not significant. CONCLUSIONS: We therefore conclude that the absence of the vitreous has no adverse effect on the results of buckling procedures for retinal detachment. The choice of the surgical technique in treating retinal detachments in vitrectomized eyes should only determined by retinal findings such as the number and extent of breaks or the presence and stage of proliferative vitreoretinopathy.     

预防性玻璃体手术治疗急性视网膜坏死综合征

目的 报告一组Ⅰ～Ⅱ期急性视网膜坏死综合征患者经预防性玻璃体手术治疗的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2006年2月至2008年7月20例(20只眼)Ⅰ～Ⅱ期急性视网膜坏死综合征患者接受预防性玻璃体手术治疗的临床资料.所有患者接受完全玻璃体切除联合激光光凝及硅油填充,术中用曲安奈德玻璃体腔注射以增加玻璃体可视性,术后常规面朝下体位,术前、术后均给予阿昔洛韦等药物治疗.随防10～12月.结果 20例20只眼中,硅油取出后,18只眼视网膜在位;2只眼出现视网膜脱离,其中1只眼再次行视网膜前膜剥除+硅油注入+激光光凝术,硅油取出后,视网膜在位;另1只眼因术前视网膜坏死广泛,视网膜动脉广泛闭塞,再次手术后,视网膜未能复位.术后视力提高13只眼、不变5只眼、下降2只眼.结论 预防性玻璃体切除联合激光光凝及硅油填充是治疗急性视网膜坏死综合征的有效方法,术后患者能改善或保持视力,减少视网膜脱离的发生率.     

Late Retinal Complications in Former Preterm Infants with Regressed ROP

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to evaluate late retinal complications in former preterm infants with regressed stages of acute retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1995 and 2002 a consecutive series of 15 patients (16 eyes) with loss in visual acuity were examined. Gestational age was < 32 weeks, birth weight < 1500 g. The reason for visual disturbances was: RD (n = 14), vitreous haemorrhage (n = 3) and posterior vitreous detachment (n = 1). RESULTS: Two eyes recovered spontaneously. Surgery was performed in 14/16 eyes, with a pars plana vitrectomy (n = 14), or buckling procedure (n = 2). Four eyes with a severe form of regressed ROP needed multiple procedures for reattachment At last follow-up in 13/14 (93.0 %) eyes the retina was completely attached. Visual acuity ranged from light projection to 20/25. CONCLUSIONS: Former premature patients with vitreoretinal changes due to regressed ROP may develop vitreous traction and subsequent late-onset retinal detachment. Surgery with primary vitrectomy technique in eyes with retinal detachment can remove the vitreoretinal adhesions and is an effective treatment technique. In eyes without retinal detachment the natural course can be awaited.