大黄所致脾虚模型大鼠小肠移行性综合肌电的变化

采用双极银丝电极记录清醒大鼠十二指肠和空肠上段移行性综合肌电(MMC)。结果表明:以2kg/L(200％)生大黄液连续胃饲5天(4ml/只/天),造成的“脾虚”腹泻大鼠模型具有明显的脾虚证表现;与造型前比较,腹泻大鼠小肠MMCI相时程显著缩短或保持不变,而Ⅱ、Ⅲ相时程显著延长,并出现MMC周期的显著延长。提示“脾虚”腹泻大鼠的十二指肠和空肠处于运动亢进、推进加强的状态,这可能是大黄造型所出现的“脾虚失运”状态的机理之一。     

甘草对大鼠小肠运动功能影响的实验研究

目的观察甘草对大鼠小肠移行性综合肌电(MMC)的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法20只SD大鼠平分为氨甲酰甲胆碱组和甘草组,用药前后检测小肠的电活动,以MMC活动周期、Ⅲ相持续时间为指标分析小肠电活动状态。另20只SD大鼠平分为正常组和甘草组,用免疫组织化学法检测小肠嗜铬细胞及小肠神经系统(ENS)中5-HT的含量,用显微分光光度计对免疫染色强度进行定量测定。结果(1)甘草能抑制肌受体激动剂氨甲酰甲胆碱引起的十二指肠和空肠收缩反应,并能预防其收缩反应的发生;(2)甘草组与正常组比较,小肠嗜铬细胞和ENS中5-HT含量明显减少。结论(1)甘草对大鼠十二指肠和空肠的抑制作用机制之一可能是由M-受体介导的突触后抑制作用;(2)甘草通过抑制小肠嗜铬细胞分泌5-HT及降低ENS中5-HT的含量而对大鼠小肠MMC活动起抑制作用     

顺铂对大鼠小肠电活动的影响

在大鼠小肠浆膜面埋植铂金双极电极,以移行性综合肌电(MMC)为指标,观察顺铂消化道副作用与平滑肌电活动的关系。静脉注入顺铂(4mg/kg),经52.4±19.3min后,MMC活动改变,其周期持续时间与正常MMC周期持续时间相比明显缩短(P<0.05),而Ⅲ相持续时间与正常Ⅲ相持续时间比较显著延长(P<0.01)。分别阻断α与β受体后,顺铂静脉注入对MMC的影响与单纯顺铂静脉注入所引起的改变相似。双侧膈下迷走神经切除后,顺铂静脉注入,观察到不规律的峰电组反复发生。结果提示:顺铂静脉注入对MMC的影响与α和β受体无关。迷走神经起着重要的调整作用。顺铂静脉注入所致MMC周期活动的改变是其引起消化道副作用的原因之一。     

胆汁酸肝肠循环在大鼠消化间期胃肠肌电活动中的作用

目的: 研究胆汁酸肝肠循环在大鼠消化间期胃肠移行性复合肌电活动(MMC)中的作用. 方法: 32只大鼠被随机等分为4组. 在大鼠胃窦、十二指肠及空肠慢性埋置三对银丝电极,其中3组于高位结扎胆总管. 术后在大鼠清醒、禁食状态下记录消化间期胃肠肌电活动. 后两组分别给予UDCA及生理盐水灌胃观察其对胆道梗阻组大鼠胃肠肌电活动的影响. 结果: 正常禁食大鼠可观察到MMC波,胆道梗阻大鼠梗阻早期可见起源于胃、十二指肠的MMC波消失,代之以空肠起源的MMC波,梗阻后期十二指肠起源的MMC波逐渐恢复. UDCA灌胃可重新诱发胆道梗阻组大鼠十二指肠起源的MMC波,所诱发的MMC较正常组周期缩短,Ⅲ期时程延长. 生理盐水灌胃对胆道梗阻大鼠胃肠肌电活动无影响. 结论: 胆汁酸肝肠循环与大鼠MMC密切相关,主要与十二指肠起源的MMC关系密切.     

胆石形成早期胃肠移行性复合运动变化的实验研究

【目的】探讨胆固醇结石形成早期胃肠移行性复合运动(MMC)变化。【方法】用45只豚鼠做实验,在胃窦、十二指肠和空肠浆膜埋植银丝电极,记录MMC。【结果】随着1%高胆固醇饲料喂养时间的延长,胃肠MMC周期、Ⅱ相时程逐渐延长,Ⅲ相时程逐渐缩短。【结论】胆固醇结石形成早期,消化间期MMC周期延长,Ⅱ相时程延长,Ⅲ相时程缩短。     

甘草对大鼠小肠运动功能影响的实验研究

目的：观察甘草对大鼠小肠移行性综合肌电（MMC）的影响。并探讨其作用机制。方法：20只SD大鼠平分为氨甲酰甲胆碱组和甘草组,用药前后检测小肠的电活动,以MMC活动周期、Ⅲ相持续时间为指标分析小肠电活动状态。另20只SD大鼠平分为正常组和甘草组,用免疫组织化学法检测小肠嗜铬细胞及小肠神经系统（ENS）中5-HT的含量,用显微分光光度计对免疫染色强度进行定量测定。结果：（1）甘草能抑制M-受体激动剂氨甲酰甲胆碱引起的十二指肠和空肠收缩反应。并能预防其收缩反应的发生;（20甘草组与正常组比较,小肠嗜铬细胞和ENS中5-HT含量明显减少。结论：（1）甘草对大鼠十二指肠和空肠的抑制作用机制之一可能是由M-受体介导的突触后抑制作用;（2）甘草通过抑制小肠嗜铬细胞分泌5-HT及降低ENS中5-HT的含量而大鼠小肠MMC活动起抑制作用。     

瘦素对大鼠胃运动的调节作用

目的研究瘦素对大鼠消化间期移行性复合运动(MMC)和消化期胃运动的作用,并观察空腹MMC与餐后消化期胃运动的不同时程血中瘦素浓度的变化以及与胃动素变化的关系。方法50只Wister大鼠随机分为5组进行慢性实验。在胃体、胃窦和幽门浆膜植入应力传感器记录清醒大鼠胃运动。颈外静脉内置慢性静脉插管供注射药物及取血样品。血清瘦素和胃动素用放免法测定,进餐用标准试餐。结果空腹胃运动出现典型的消化间期MMC运动,分Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ时相,其Ⅲ相可传至幽门。进餐后胃运动呈持续有规则的蠕动性收缩的消化期运动。空腹MMC运动中血清瘦素的浓度分别为Ⅰ相(5．6±1．0)μg/L,Ⅱ相(11．4±2．1)μg/L,Ⅲ相(2．1±0．7)μg/L,显示MMCⅡ相瘦素浓度最高(P<0．01)。餐后消化期,血中瘦素浓度于进餐后3 min开始升高,至餐后10 min达到高峰(28．1±4．4)μg/L,随后30 min瘦素仍维持高水平(与餐前比较均P<0．01)。与瘦素相反,胃动素在MMCⅢ相时浓度最高,而餐后其浓度较低。静脉灌流瘦素(2．5μg·kg-1·10 min)可使空腹胃运动变为餐后胃体舒张、胃窦与幽门收缩的消化期运动类型。抗瘦素血清、阿托品及胆囊收缩素(CCK)-A受体阻断剂戊酰胺酸均可阻断瘦素对胃运动的作用。结论瘦素是启动空腹胃MMCⅡ相活动及餐后消化期运动的激素,其变化会导致与饱感有关的胃排空延迟。瘦素对胃运动的作用是通过胆碱能神经及CCK-A受体介导。     

Ghrelin 对大鼠十二指肠肌电活动的影响及作用机制

目的:探讨ghrelin对大鼠进食期和消化间期十二指肠肌电活动的影响及作用机制.方法:大鼠十二指肠埋置银丝电极,采用多道生理记录仪监测十二指肠肌电活性,观察进食期和消化间期静脉.给予ghrelin对大鼠十二指肠肌电活动的影响.分别给予阿托品、酚妥拉明、普萘洛尔、L-精氨酸及ghrelin受体拮抗剂(D-Lys3)GHRP-6拮抗ghrelin,探讨ghrelin对肌电活动的作用机制.结果:进食期给予ghrelin提前诱发十二指肠移行性复合肌电活动(migrating myoelectrical complex,MMC);消化间期给予曲ghrelin可使十二指肠MMC周期和Ⅲ相时程缩短,Ⅲ相频率和振幅增加,但Ⅲ相占MMC周期百分比无显著性改变.阿托品、L-精氨酸和(D-Lys3)GHRP-6可抑制这种效应;酚妥拉明和普纂洛尔对此效应无影响.结论:Ghrelin可促进大鼠十二指肠MMC,这可能是通过胆碱能通路起作用,与NO关系密切.Ghrelin受体GHS-R参与其促动力作用.     

大鼠实验性十二指肠溃疡的电活动特征

本实验用半胱胺经口给药方法诱发大鼠十二指肠球部溃疡.在离体条件下,以肠电慢波的频率和振幅为指标,观察了溃疡时十二指肠各部位的电活动变化.结果表明:(1)溃疡病变均选择性地形成在十二指肠球部,溃疡中心在离幽门括约肌0.5cm左右处;(2)在幽门括约肌尾侧0.5cm处(形成渍疡部位)和1.0cm及2.0cm处(未形成溃疡部位)的溃疡大鼠十二指肠电慢波频率,均明显地高于对照组(P<0.5),而其振幅的变化不甚明显(P     

小肠消化间期移行性复合运动研究进展

<正>Szarszewski和Code发现,在消化间期当食物从胃排空至回肠末端时,小肠即停止运动,随后出现一种静息和运动循环往复的空腹小肠运动,并将其命名为消化间期移行性复合运动(Interdigestive migrating motorcomplex MMC).随着小肠测压和肌电检测技术的发展,人们对小肠MMC进行了大量的研究,目前已能在近乎生理的状态下记录人昼夜消化间期和消化期的小肠运动,小肠MMC被认为是评价小肠运动功能的敏感指标,许多胃肠运动性疾病均与小肠MMC异常有关,本文综述近年来小肠MMC的研究进展.1 小肠MMC的特征1.1 MMC具有时相性 小肠MMC是一种周期性的时相性收缩,根据小肠静止和运动交替出现的周期性变化,整个MMC周期可分为4个时相:Ⅰ相为静止期,几乎没有收缩活动,持续约45分钟;Ⅱ相为间断的不规则收缩期,持续40分钟;Ⅲ相为强力收缩期,以最大频率规律地收缩,十二指肠、空肠约12次/分,回肠10次/     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.