肝宁方对衣霉素诱导肝细胞内质网应激生存信号分子的影响

目的 研究肝宁方对衣霉素诱导的人肝细胞内质网应激条件下的生存信号分子的影响。方法 将肝细胞分正常组、模型组、治疗组：正常组给予正常大鼠血清培养基培养48h,模型组在正常组基础上给予衣霉素诱导48h,治疗组在模型组基础上给予肝宁方继续培养24h。Western blot法检测各组蛋白ATF6、IRE1α、PERK、GRP78的表达量,分析蛋白表达差异。结果 肝宁方治疗组与衣霉素诱导模型组比较,治疗组内质网应激信号分子的蛋白ATF6、IRE1α、PERK的表达明显减少（P<0.05）;模型组与对照组比较,模型组GRP78、内质网应激信号分子的蛋白ATF6、IRE1α、PERK的表达明显增多（P<0.05）。结论 衣霉素诱导正常肝细胞后可激活ATF6、IRE1α、PERK及GRP78蛋白的表达,肝宁方对衣霉素诱导内质网应激生存信号分子蛋白ATF6、IRE1α、PERK的表达及内质网应激标记蛋白均有抑制作用,从而达到阻止未折叠蛋白的错误激活、抑制肝细胞凋亡,对肝细胞具有保护作用。     

20(S)-PPD促内质网应激诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞凋亡

目的:观察原人参二醇(protopanaxadiol,PPD)中20(S)-PPD对人脐静脉内皮细胞凋亡的作用并探讨其作用机制。方法:20(S)-PPD处理人脐静脉内皮细胞,MTT法检测细胞增殖,DAPI染色检测细胞核形态变化,Calpain活性检测试剂盒检测胞质Calpain活性,内质网荧光探针3,3-二己基恶羰花青碘化物染色检测细胞内质网形态变化,实时定量PCR检测拼接XBP-1以及CHOP mRNA水平,Western blot检测Caspase-3、Caspase-8、bax、bcl-2、ATF-6、磷酸化IRE1、磷酸化PERK、ATF-4以及CHOP蛋白水平。结果:20(S)-PPD 10μmol/L以上处理人脐静脉内皮细胞6 h或5μmol/L以上处理24 h均能显著抑制其细胞活力。20(S)-PPD 10μmol/L处理人脐静脉内皮细胞6 h后,DAPI染色发现细胞出现明显染色质固缩及核碎片;内质网荧光探针3,3-二己基恶羰花青碘化物染色显示内质网形态发生显著变化,出现内质网碎片并且在核周聚集成颗粒;胞质Calpain活性未见显著改变;Western blot检测到凋亡相关蛋白Caspase-3活性片段,Caspase-8表达水平无显著变化且未检出其活性片段,bax表达未见显著改变,而bcl-2表达显著下调,ATF-6表达未见显著改变,磷酸化IRE1显著增加;实时定量PCR结果显示拼接XBP-1s mRNA显著增加,磷酸化PERK及ATF-4显著增加,CHOP mRNA及蛋白水平显著增加。结论:20(S)-PPD通过内质网应激激活IRE1与PERK途径,进一步下调bcl-2而导致人脐静脉内皮细胞凋亡。     

大黄素诱导人肾上皮HK-2细胞凋亡及内质网应激的介导作用

目的 研究大黄素诱导人肾小管上皮HK-2细胞凋亡的作用及其机制是否与内质网应激有关。方法 不同浓度大黄素处理HK-2细胞不同时间。MTT法检测细胞存活率,实时荧光定量PCR（RT-PCR）检测葡萄糖调节蛋白78（GRP78）、CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白同源蛋白（CHOP）、转录激活因子3（ATF3）和X盒结合蛋白1（XBP1）的基因表达,Western blotting法检测caspase-3、GRP78、CHOP、真核生物启动因子2α（eIF2α）的蛋白表达。结果 大黄素以浓度相关方式降低HK-2细胞存活率,诱导caspase-3剪切。RT-PCR检测表明,大黄素能诱导内质网相关基因GRP78、CHOP、ATF3基因表达,Western blottinh检测结果进一步证实大黄素能诱导GRP78、CHOP的蛋白表达。大黄素还明显诱导eIF2α磷酸化和XBP1 mRNA剪切。在大黄素给药之前给予内质网应激干扰药4-苯基丁酸和salubrinal,能增加HK-2细胞的存活率。结论 大黄素能诱导HK-2凋亡,内质网应激参与了大黄素诱导HK-2细胞凋亡的作用。     

雷公藤红素诱导未折叠蛋白反应信号通路中真核细胞翻译起始因子2α活化抑制多发性骨髓瘤细胞生长

目的 研究雷公藤红素抑制多发性骨髓瘤细胞增殖与未折叠蛋白反应（UPR）的关系和分子机制,为多发性骨髓瘤的治疗提供新的药物靶点。方法 4种多发性骨髓瘤细胞株RPMI 8226、U266、SKO、KMS-11,经不同浓度雷公藤红素（增殖实验0.0～10.0 μmol/L、凋亡实验0.0～4.0 μmol/L、周期阻滞实验0.0～1.5 μmol/L）处理不同时间（增殖实验1～3 d、凋亡实验1 d、周期阻滞实验1 d）后,检测细胞增殖、凋亡、周期阻滞情况;用蛋白质印迹法检测肌醇需求酶1（IRE1）、蛋白激酶样内质网激酶（PERK）和活化转录因子6（ATF6）3条UPR信号通路中主要分子的表达,包括葡萄糖调节蛋白78（GRP78）、ATF6、PERK、真核细胞翻译起始因子2α（eIF2α）、磷酸化eIF2α（p-eIF2α）、C/EBP同源蛋白（CHOP）、IRE1、磷酸化IRE1（p-IRE1）。用慢病毒包被的含短发夹RNA（shRNA）载体对eIF2α表达进行干扰,观察雷公藤红素对干扰eIF2α表达后的RPMI 8226细胞UPR信号分子表达、凋亡和细胞周期的影响。结果 雷公藤红素以剂量和时间依赖方式抑制4种多发性骨髓瘤细胞增殖、诱导凋亡、使细胞周期阻滞在G₀/G₁期,其中RPMI 8226细胞对雷公藤红素最敏感。在RPMI 8226细胞,雷公藤红素处理浓度在0.5～2.0 μmol/L作用30 min～24 h时均能使UPR的PERK通路中p-eIF2α表达水平升高（P<0.05或P<0.01）,其下游CHOP表达也相应增加（P<0.05或P<0.01）,而对其他2条通路ATF6和IRE1影响不明显。用慢病毒干扰eIF2α表达后,雷公藤红素上调CHOP表达、诱导凋亡和周期阻滞的作用均减弱或消失。结论 雷公藤红素能抑制多种多发性骨髓瘤细胞增殖,活化UPR的PERK信号通路中eIF2α分子可能是其作用机制之一。     

内质网应激诱导慢性间歇低氧幼鼠认知相关的脑损害

目的 探讨内质网应激对慢性间歇低氧幼鼠脑损害的机制。方法 取SPF级健康雄性SD幼鼠32只,随机分为4组：间歇低氧（IH）2、4周组（2IH,4IH组）,对照2、4周组（2C,4C组）,每组8只。采用八臂迷宫测试各组幼鼠工作记忆错误（WME）、参考记忆错误（RME）、总错误数（TE）,观察海马神经元凋亡变化,测定免疫球蛋白结合蛋白（BiP）、转录激活因子4（ATF4）、C/EBP同源蛋白（CHOP）和磷酸化RNA激活蛋白激酶的内质网类似激酶（p-PERK）的表达水平。结果 慢性间歇低氧导致幼鼠学习记忆能力下降,与2周组比较,4周组明显（WME：3.38±0.52 vs 2.12±0.84;RME：4.25±0.71 vs 3.00±0.93;TE：7.62±0.74 vs 5.12±0.64,P均<0.01）;IH组海马神经元发生凋亡,4周组最明显（20.78%±2.63% vs 14.94%±1.59%,P<0.01）。IH组幼鼠海马BiP、ATF4和CHOP mRNA表达均增加,4IH组ATF4、CHOP mRNA表达显著升高（ATF4：3.50±0.24 vs 1.92±0.13,P<0.01;CHOP：3.09±0.22 vs 1.95±0.18,P<0.01）。2IH、4IH组p-PERK、CHOP蛋白表达上调,4IH组表达明显升高（p-PERK 3.72±0.21 vs 1.85±0.07,P<0.01;CHOP：4.29±0.27 vs 2.69±0.11,P<0.01）。结论 慢性间歇低氧可上调记忆相关脑区BiP、CHOP、ATF4 mRNA和p-PERK、CHOP蛋白的表达,表明内质网应激诱导慢性间歇低氧幼鼠认知相关的脑损害;PERK/ATF4/CHOP信号通路可能是内质网应激的分子机制。     

阿托伐他汀对同型半胱氨酸诱导内皮细胞内质网应激的抑制作用

目的： 观察阿托伐他汀对同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞内质网应激（endoplasmic reticulum stress,ERS）以及凋亡的影响。方法: 不同浓度的Hcy或联合阿托伐他汀处理人脐静脉内皮细胞后,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,实时定量PCR和蛋白质印迹法测定ERS相关分子BiP、CHOP及p-eIF2α、p- PERK的表达变化。结果: Hcy呈浓度依赖性地诱导内皮细胞ERS相关分子BiP、CHOP及p-eIF2α、p-PERK的表达,阿托伐他汀可明显抑制Hcy诱导的内皮细胞ERS相关分子的表达,减少内皮细胞凋亡。结论： 阿托伐他汀可通过下调ERS相关信号通路,抑制Hcy诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞凋亡。     

TRB3在同型半胱氨酸抑制内皮细胞增殖中的作用研究

目的研究TRB3对介导同型半胱氨酸的血管内皮细胞抑制的影响.方法用[3H]-胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷掺入法测定细胞DNA合成率,基因表达测定采用RT-PCR,蛋白质磷酸化采用Western blotting.结果同型半胱氨酸处理人脐静脉内皮细胞导致细胞增殖被抑制;同型半胱氨酸诱导的内质网应激,导致CHOP和ATF4表达升高;同型半胱氨酸上调TRB3表达,导致Akt的去磷酸化.结论 TRB3是同型半胱氨酸介导的血管内皮细胞的细胞周期停滞的关键分子.     

硼替佐米联用obatoclax协同诱导人急性B淋巴细胞白血病细胞株Nalm-6细胞凋亡

目的 探讨硼替佐米分别与3种Bcl-2抑制剂（obatoclax、AT-101、ABT-199）联用诱导人急性B淋巴细胞株Nalm-6细胞凋亡的协同作用。方法 应用MTT法分别检测3种Bcl-2抑制剂单用或联用硼替佐米作用于Nalm-6细胞48 h后的细胞活力。通过流式细胞术和蛋白质印迹分析分别检测不同药物单独或联合作用于Nalm-6细胞后的细胞凋亡情况及Bcl-2家族蛋白、泛素、微管相关蛋白1轻链3B（LC3B）、p62、免疫球蛋白结合蛋白（Bip）、磷酸化p38、磷酸化JNK、C/EBP同源蛋白（CHOP）等蛋白的表达情况。同时利用qRT-PCR检测硼替佐米和obatoclax联用后细胞的内质网应激反应关键基因Bip、CHOP、活化转录因子（ATF）4、ATF6、肌醇需求酶1α（IRE1α）、X-盒结合蛋白1（XBP1）的表达水平。最后通过MTT和流式细胞术检测内质网应激反应抑制剂牛磺熊去氧胆酸（TUDCA）是否可以逆转两药联用诱导的细胞凋亡。结果 硼替佐米和3种Bcl-2抑制剂单用均可降低Nalm-6细胞的存活率。3组药物联用实验组中，仅有obatoclax＋硼替佐米表现出协同细胞毒性作用，其余两组并无此现象。Obatoclax通过增加LC3B-Ⅱ、p62蛋白的表达水平抑制Nalm-6细胞的自噬活性。与单药相比，硼替佐米和obatoclax联用后泛素化蛋白的表达显著上调。硼替佐米联用obatoclax可同时抑制自噬和泛素蛋白酶体活性，造成大量蛋白蓄积，进而激活内质网应激反应，最终诱导Nalm-6细胞凋亡。内质网应激抑制剂TUDCA可削弱硼替佐米和obatoclax联用诱导的细胞凋亡。结论 硼替佐米联用obatoclax可同时抑制自噬和蛋白酶体活性，并激活内质网应激反应协同诱导人急性B淋巴细胞白血病细胞凋亡。     

强骨抗萎膏通过调控MFN2及抑制内质网应激改善失重状态下大鼠骨丢失

目的 观察强骨抗萎膏对尾吊大鼠骨细胞凋亡和内质网应激的影响,探讨强骨抗萎膏防治模拟失重状态下骨丢失的机制。方法 60只SD大鼠分为对照组、模拟失重组、强骨抗萎膏组、阿仑膦酸钠组,骨疏康颗粒组,每组12只。采用尾部悬吊模拟失重状态,尾吊28 d;对照组和模拟失重组给予每日等体积生理盐水灌胃,其它3组复制模型,分别每日给予中药强骨抗萎膏2.4 g/kg,阿仑膦酸钠0.007 g/kg,骨疏康颗粒0.26 g/kg灌胃。持续给药4周后处死大鼠,TUNEL法检测骨细胞凋亡情况;Western blot法检测葡萄糖调节蛋白78(GRP78)和线粒体融合蛋白2(MFN2)表达,RT-PCR和Western blot检测骨组织中蛋白激酶R样内质网激酶(PERK),肌醇依赖性激酶1α(IRE1α)、活化转录因子6(ATF6)及C/EBP同源蛋白(CHOP)的基因和蛋白表达。结果 TUNEL结果显示模拟失重组骨细胞凋亡较对照组增加,强骨抗萎膏可抑制骨细胞凋亡。与对照组大鼠比较,模拟失重组PERK基因表达量明显增高(P<0.05),强骨抗萎膏组较模拟失重组PERK基因表达量下降(P<0.05);与对照组比较,模拟失重组的GRP78、PERK、CHOP和ATF6蛋白含量明显增高(P<0.05),MFN2蛋白表达降低(P<0.05),强骨抗萎膏组较模拟失重组GRP78、PERK、CHOP和ATF6蛋白含量均明显降低(P<0.05),MFN2表达量升高。结论 强骨抗萎膏可以改善模拟失重大鼠骨细胞凋亡,通过抑制骨组织内质网应激相关因子GRP78、PERK、ATF6 和CHOP,上调MFN2表达,从而改善失重条件下的骨丢失。     

胆管细胞癌来源的外泌体通过内质网应激破坏血管内皮细胞紧密连接实现转移

目的：探讨胆管细胞癌分泌的外泌体对血管内皮细胞紧密连接的影响及其可能的机制。方法：使用超速离心法分离胆管细胞癌CCLP细胞系外泌体并作用于人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVEC）,Western blot、免疫荧光检测内皮细胞的紧密连接。BALB/c裸鼠随机分为PBS组、exoCCLP组及exoHIBEC组并分别尾静脉注射PBS、exoCCLP或exoHIBEC后尾静脉注射FITC-右旋糖酐或CCLP,收集肺及肝脏观察组织内的FITC-右旋糖酐渗漏或肺组织内的肿瘤转移灶。Western blot及PCR检测CCLP外泌体处理的内皮细胞内质网应激相关基因及蛋白水平。予小干扰RNA抑制血管内皮细胞PERK、ATF6或IRE1α,并进一步接受CCLP外泌体作用,观察紧密连接蛋白变化。结果：①CCLP外泌体在体外明显下调HUVEC的紧密连接蛋白水平,增加血管内皮层体外的通透性,并在体内增加裸鼠肺部及肝脏血管的通透性。②经CCLP外泌体预处理后的裸鼠其肺部的肿瘤转移灶数量明显增加,内皮细胞内质网应激相关的基因及蛋白水平均明显增加,予小干扰RNA下调HUVEC的PERK及IRE1α水平能够逆转CCLP外泌体下调的HUVEC紧密连接蛋白而ATF6的敲低并无此作用。结论：胆管细胞癌来源的外泌体能够抑制血管内皮细胞的紧密连接蛋白并增加血管的通透性,从而实现肿瘤转移。这种作用部分是通过引起血管内皮细胞内质网应激实现的     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.