红缘拟层孔菌液体发酵培养基配方的研究

目的：研究不同培养基组成成分对红缘拟层孔菌菌丝产量和多糖量的影响,优选出的红缘拟层孔菌液体发酵培养基的最佳配方。方法：以菌丝体生物量和胞内多糖的量为指标,通过单因素试验确定液体培养基中最佳碳源、氮源及维生素B₁的用量。通过L₉(3⁴)正交试验确定红缘拟层孔菌的液体发酵培养基配方的最佳组合。结果：优选出的红缘拟层孔菌液体发酵培养基最佳配方为（g/100 mL）：大米粉5,酵母粉1,磷酸二氢钾0.1,硫酸镁0.15,维生素B₁0.04。结论：优选出红缘拟层孔菌的液体发酵培养基的最佳配方,为今后大规模液体发酵研究奠定了基础。     

消炎镇痛巴布膏剂的体外透皮吸收研究

目的 对消炎镇痛巴布膏剂中的主药丹参透皮特性进行研究,优选消炎镇痛巴布膏剂最佳渗透促进剂。方法 以丹酚酸B和丹参酮II_A为指标性成分,采用Franz扩散池法进行体外透皮吸收实验,用HPLC法测定丹酚酸B和丹参酮II_A在不同促渗剂下的透皮吸收速率和累积透皮渗透量。结果 丹酚酸B和丹参酮II_A在不同的促渗剂下具有不同的透皮吸收量,在氮酮-丙二醇（1∶1）促渗条件下,巴布剂中丹酚酸B和丹参酮II_A透皮吸收速率分别为3.62、1.35 μg/(cm²·h)（大鼠皮肤）,24 h累积渗透量分别为88.72、16.12 μg/cm²,分别是不含促渗剂的巴布膏剂透皮吸收速率的6倍和10倍。结论 以氮酮-丙二醇（1∶1）作为渗透促进剂,对水溶性丹酚酸B和脂溶性丹参酮II_A都有较好的促渗作用。     

氮硼共掺杂有序介孔碳的制备及性能

采用硬模板法,以间位碳硼烷为硼源、3-氨基苯基乙炔树脂为氮源和碳源、介孔二氧化硅（SBA-15）为硬模板,成功制备了氮硼共掺杂的有序介孔碳材料（NBC）。采用X射线衍射（XRD）、N₂吸附-脱附测试、透射电镜（TEM）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）研究了前驱体中B与N的物质的量之比（n_B/n_N）对NBC结构的影响。采用紫外-可见分光光度计（UV-Vis）研究了NBC对甲基橙染料的吸附性能。结果表明：NBC具有二维六方的有序结构,孔径可调且分布集中在3~6 nm。其中,NBC-1.0样品（n_B/n_N=1.0）具有最高的比表面积（1 560 m²/g）、最大比孔容（1.92 cm³/g）及高度有序性。相比于传统的活性炭吸附剂（吸附量61 mg/g）,NBC-1.0可以实现对甲基橙染料的快速、有效吸附,其吸附量可达214 mg/g。     

正交试验法优选桑白皮蜜炙工艺

目的 优选桑白皮最佳蜜炙工艺。方法 以传统外观质量和内在质量（总黄酮量、东莨菪内酯量）为评价指标,采用L₉(3⁴) 正交试验,对蜜与水比例、闷润时间、炒制温度及炒制时间4个因素进行考察。结果 桑白皮最佳蜜炙工艺为取炼蜜25 g加入37.5 g沸水稀释,淋入100 g桑白皮净制饮片拌匀,闷润60 min,置炒制容器内,240 ℃炒制18 min,取出晾凉。结论 优选出的蜜炙工艺设计合理、结果可靠,为规范蜜桑白皮饮片生产提供了理论依据。     

雾化吸入氨溴索对单肺通气家兔肺内炎性因子和肺损伤的影响

目的 优选桑白皮最佳蜜炙工艺。方法 以传统外观质量和内在质量（总黄酮量、东莨菪内酯量）为评价指标,采用L₉(3⁴) 正交试验,对蜜与水比例、闷润时间、炒制温度及炒制时间4个因素进行考察。结果 桑白皮最佳蜜炙工艺为取炼蜜25 g加入37.5 g沸水稀释,淋入100 g桑白皮净制饮片拌匀,闷润60 min,置炒制容器内,240 ℃炒制18 min,取出晾凉。结论 优选出的蜜炙工艺设计合理、结果可靠,为规范蜜桑白皮饮片生产提供了理论依据。     

元胡止痛口服液对原发性痛经的镇痛作用及机制研究

[目的]观察元胡止痛口服液对原发性痛经的治疗作用并探讨其作用机制,为其在临床治疗原发性痛经提供实验依据。[方法]采用缩宫素诱导原发性痛经大鼠模型,考察不同剂量元胡止痛口服液对动物模型扭体反应的影响,并检测大鼠血浆雌二醇（E₂）、孕酮（Prog）、丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）与谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）水平,以及子宫组织前列腺素F_2α（PGF_2α）、前列腺素E₂（PGE₂）、血栓素B₂（TXB₂）、6-酮-前列腺素F_1α（6-keto-PGF_1α）、钙离子（Ca²⁺）与一氧化氮（NO）含量。[结果]元胡止痛口服液可显著减少痛经大鼠模型的扭体次数（P<0.05）,降低扭体发生率。与模型组大鼠相比,元胡止痛口服液治疗组大鼠血浆MDA水平显著降低（P<0.05）,子宫组织PGF_2α水平与Ca²⁺含量显著下调（P<0.05）,且子宫6-keto-PGF_1α水平显著升高（P<0.05）。[结论]元胡止痛口服液对原发性痛经大鼠模型具有显著的镇痛作用,其作用机制可能与调节血浆MDA水平及子宫组织内PGF_2α、6-keto-PGF_1α、Ca²⁺含量相关。     

不同理化因素对天山雪莲组培苗生长及总黄酮量的影响

目的 研究不同理化因素对天山雪莲组培苗生长和总黄酮生物合成的影响。方法 测定不同理化因素影响下天山雪莲组培苗干质量和总黄酮量。结果 利于天山雪莲生长及黄酮积累的培养条件：MS培养基附加6-BA 0.5 mg/L,NAA 0.05 mg/L,氮源浓度40 mmol/L,NH₄⁺-NO₃^?比例为15︰25,碳源蔗糖质量浓度40 g/L,pH值 5.0～6.0,光照强度 2 500 lx,温度25 ℃。结论 各项最佳培养条件的组合总体上可以促进天山雪莲生长和总黄酮生物合成,氮源、碳源和温度对天山雪莲生长及总黄酮量的影响最为明显。     

超滤精制热毒宁处方水提液的预处理方法及其工艺研究

目的 超滤精制热毒宁处方水提液的最佳预处理方法探索及工艺研究。方法 考察离心、初滤、活性炭吸附、壳聚糖絮凝等不同预处理方法对处方水提液的除杂情况以及对截留相对分子质量为3×10⁴～5×10⁴的聚砜膜超滤精制效果的影响。结果 离心、减压抽滤对降低膜污染、提高栀子苷保留率的效果不佳。活性炭吸附严重降低了栀子苷的保留率。采用壳聚糖絮凝与微滤法处理后药液的栀子苷保留率高,固含物低;采用壳聚糖絮凝比微滤法处理后续膜过程中通量大,污染度小。结论 壳聚糖絮凝法是热毒宁处方水提液的最佳预处理方法,且最佳工艺为药液温度70 ℃,pH 6,1%壳聚糖用量70 mL/L 。     

大孔吸附树脂法纯化黄芩总黄酮工艺的研究

目的 考察8种大孔吸附树脂对黄芩总黄酮的分离纯化的影响,优选出纯化黄芩总黄酮的大孔吸附树脂,并确定纯化黄芩总黄酮的工艺参数。方法 以黄芩总黄酮为考察指标,采用静态和动态吸附两种方法,优选出对黄芩总黄酮吸附性能最佳的大孔吸附树脂,并对其工艺进行筛选,确定了纯化黄芩总黄酮的最佳工艺参数。结果AB-8型大孔吸附树脂对黄芩总黄酮有最佳的吸附分离性能,其纯化黄芩总黄酮的工艺条件为：黄芩提取液直接上样,最大上样体积为3 BV,洗脱剂为70％乙醇,洗脱剂用量为7 BV。结论 AB-8型大孔吸附树脂在所确定的工艺条件下,纯化黄芩总黄酮效果良好。     

清开灵和双黄连口服液体内抗禽流感病毒作用

目的 评价清开灵和双黄连口服液体内抗禽流感病毒药效,探讨其对感染流感病毒小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法 建立H9N2亚型禽流感病毒鼠肺适应株人工感染BALB/c小鼠模型,以肺指数抑制率、生命保护率和肺病毒滴度为主要评价指标,研究清开灵和双黄连口服液对感染H9N2亚型禽流感病毒小鼠的防治效果;以脾指数、胸腺指数和T细胞亚群比率（CD4⁺/CD8⁺）为主要评价指标,探讨清开灵和双黄连口服液对感染流感病毒小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果 清开灵和双黄连口服液均能显著抑制H9N2亚型禽流感病毒引起的小鼠肺炎实变,攻毒后第4天小鼠肺指数抑制率分别为34.1%、26.3%。清开灵和双黄连口服液对感染小鼠有显著的生命保护作用,存活率分别为70.0%、60.0%,显著高于病毒对照组的存活率（30.0%）,鼠肺病毒滴度显著低于病毒组（P＜0.01）。清开灵和双黄连口服液对感染病毒后小鼠脾脏和胸腺萎缩具有显著的抑制作用,并能提升感染小鼠脾脏中CD4⁺/CD8⁺值。结论 清开灵和双黄连口服液具有显著的抗禽流感病毒作用,对病毒复制的抑制及对病毒感染导致的小鼠免疫功能下降的调节作用是其发挥抗病毒功效的重要机制。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.