大鼠静脉注射康莱特注射液的药动学研究

目的：研究康莱特注射液在正常大鼠体内的药动学。方法：采用甘油三酯试剂盒检测康莱特注射液经尾iv后大鼠血清中外源性甘油三酯的浓度变化,外源性甘油三酯浓度为测定血样中甘油三酯扣除本底后的浓度,采用3P97药代软件计算药动学参数。C_max为实测值,AUC计算采用梯形法。结果：康莱特注射液10、5 mL/kg剂量的主要药动学参数：C_max分别为（8.532±1.031）、（5.418±0.764）mmol/L,AUC_0-t分别为（13.248±3.692）、（5.339±1.219）mmol/L?h,V_c分别为（1.030±0.131）、（0.756±0.150）L²/（kg·mol）,CL_s分别为（0.838±0.319）、（0.975±0.330）L²/（kg·mol·h）,t _1/2α 分别为（0.481±0.168）、（0.322±0.109）h,t _1/2β分别为（1.452±0.776）、（1.384±0.404）h。结论：康莱特注射液经尾iv给药后在大鼠体内的药动学过程经拟合为二室模型。     

丹酚酸B及其活性代谢产物在大鼠体内药动学研究

目的 建立了灵敏快速的同时测定大鼠血浆中丹酚酸B及其主要代谢产物丹参素的LC-MS/MS方法。方法 以氯霉素为内标,用醋酸乙酯萃取,色谱柱为Symmetry C₁₈柱,流动相为甲醇-乙腈-0.5%甲酸（55︰5︰40）,体积流量为0.4 mL/min。选用电喷雾电离（ESI）三重四极杆串联质谱仪,在负离子模式下以选择反应监测（SRM）方式进行检测,用于定量分析的离子反应分别为m/z 717→519（丹酚酸B）、m/z 197→135（丹参素）和m/z 321→152（氯霉素）。结果 在该测定条件下丹酚酸B、丹参素和内标物的保留时间分别为3.12、2.60、3.98 min。丹酚酸B的线性范围为10～5 000 ng/mL,r＞0.995;丹参素的线性范围为5～5 000 ng/mL,r＞0.995,丹酚酸B和丹参素定量限分别为10、5 ng/mL。批内、批间精密度（RSD）均小于12.6%。大鼠ig给予丹酚酸B后,迅速吸收并逐渐转化成丹参素,丹酚酸B和丹参素的C_max分别为（1.21±0.31）、（0.27±0.05）μg/mL,t_max分别为（0.50±0.00）、（0.56±0.18）h,t_1/2分别为（1.20±0.11）、（1.57±0.16）h,AUC_0～t分别为（1.31±0.30）、（0.39±0.05）μg·mL^?1·h。结论 本方法可用于大鼠ig丹酚酸B后的血浆中丹酚酸B及其代谢产物丹参素药动学研究。     

大鼠灌服炙甘草汤后甘草次酸药动学研究

目的 建立大鼠ig炙甘草汤后体内甘草次酸的LC-MS/MS测定方法。方法 采用醋酸乙酯沉淀蛋白处理血浆样品,选用白藜芦醇为内标,采用LC-MS/MS法测定,色谱条件为ORBAX SB-C₁₈反相色谱柱（Agilent,50 mm×2.1 mm,1.8 μm）,乙腈-水（80∶20,含0.2%甲酸）为流动相,体积流量0.2 mL/min,柱温30 ℃。样品经电喷雾离子（ESI）源负离子化后,通过Agilent 6410三重四级杆串联质谱仪,采用多反应监测（MRM）对甘草次酸进行测定,分别选用m/z 469.4→425.4和227.1→143.0作为甘草次酸和内标物白藜芦醇的检测离子对。结果 甘草次酸在33.4～8 560.0 ng/mL线性关系良好（R²＝0.997 1）,日内（n＝6）、日间（n＝6）精密度、稳定性RSD均小于10%。甘草次酸高、中、低3个质量浓度平均提取回收率分别为75.3%、78.2%、78.5%。在此方法下得到大鼠ig炙甘草汤后血浆中甘草次酸的药动学参数分别为t_max＝（8.00±1.13）h,C_max＝（811.02±300.25）ng/mL,AUC_0～24＝（11 439.21±3 367.36）ng/mL·h。结论 该方法灵敏、准确、快速、选择性高,可用于甘草次酸血药浓度监测和药动学研究。     

HPLC法测定风痛炎颗粒中黄芩苷

目的 建立HPLC法测定风痛炎颗粒中黄芩苷的方法。方法 采用RP-HPLC法测定黄芩苷的量;色谱柱为C₁₈柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,10 μm）,流动相为甲醇-水-冰醋酸（50∶50∶1）,体积流量1.0 mL/min,检测波长274 nm,柱温40 ℃。结果 黄芩苷在100.60～2 012.00 μg/mL线性关系良好,平均回收率为100.25%,RSD为0.360%。结论 本方法简单、准确,可用于风痛炎颗粒的质量控制。     

HPLC法同时测定双黄连颗粒中9种成分

目的 建立同时测定双黄连颗粒中绿原酸、咖啡酸、芦丁、连翘酯苷、野黄芩苷、黄芩苷、连翘苷、黄芩素、汉黄芩素9种成分的HPLC方法。方法 采用RP-HPLC法,色谱柱为Agilent Zorbax SB-C₁₈（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）;流动相为乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液,梯度洗脱,体积流量1.0 mL/min;检测波长278 nm,柱温35℃。结果 9种成分均达到基线分离,各成分均有较宽的线性范围和良好的线性关系（r＞0.999 8）;回收率在97.9%～102.1%。结论 本方法准确、灵敏、可靠,重现性较好,可用于双黄连颗粒的质量控制。     

RP-HPLC法同时测定石榴皮提取物阴道泡腾片中安石榴苷和鞣花酸

目的 建立RP-HPLC法同时测定石榴皮提取物阴道泡腾片中安石榴苷和鞣花酸的方法。方法 色谱柱为Phenomenex Gemini C₁₈柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相为甲醇-乙腈-0.2%三氟乙酸水溶液,梯度洗脱,体积流量为0.8 mL/min,检测波长280 nm。结果 安石榴苷在0.098～0.610 mg/mL（r＝0.999 1）、鞣花酸在0.011～0.060 mg/mL（r＝0.999 8）有良好的线性关系;平均回收率分别为102.0%、100.4%（n＝9）,RSD均小于1.5%。结论 本方法简便、准确、专属性强,为石榴皮提取物阴道泡腾片的质量控制建立了方法。     

灌胃天麻素小鼠脑组织中天麻苷元的药动学研究

目的 建立小鼠脑组织中天麻苷元的HPLC测定方法,并考察灌胃天麻素后小鼠脑中天麻苷元的药动学特性。方法 脑匀浆用醋酸乙酯提取后,采用HPLC法测定。色谱柱为Diamonsil C₁₈（250 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相为乙腈-水（10.5∶89.5）,体积流量1.0 mL/min;检测波长221 nm;柱温25 ℃;进样量20 μL。结果 方法线性范围为50~1 616 ng/mL（r=0.999 6）,回收率为93.8%~95.1%,日内及日间RSD均低于10%。小鼠脑组织中天麻苷元的质量浓度与时间曲线呈现双峰（t_max1=15 min,t_max2=90 min）,药时曲线下面积为52 822.5 ng·min/g,消除半衰期为54.8 min。结论 该分析方法灵敏、准确,适合于脑组织中天麻苷元的测定。天麻素经小鼠口服给药后,能较快入脑并代谢为天麻苷元,消除也较快。     

基于LC-MS/MS 研究异夏佛塔苷在大鼠体内药代动力学及其绝对生物利用度

建立LC-MS/MS法测定大鼠血浆中异夏佛塔苷的浓度，研究异夏佛塔苷在大鼠体内的药代动力学特性及其绝对生物利用度。分别灌胃给药1.5、3.0、6.0 mg/kg和静脉注射异夏佛塔苷0.5 mg/kg后，建立LC-MS/MS分析方法测定大鼠血浆中异夏佛塔苷的含量，运用 DAS 3.0软件计算药代动力学参数。异夏佛塔苷在1.0~500.0 ng/mL内线性良好(r=0.997 6)，专属性、精密度和准确度、基质效应和提取回收率以及稳定性均符合生物样本分析要求。药代动力学参数显示:灌胃给药低、中、高3个剂量组，c_max分别为(109.34±22.87)、(259.84±95.35)、(499.26±288.09)ng/mL，AUC_0-t分别为(310.57±46.18)、(552.67±207.14)、(1 075.03±371.19)h·ng/mL，t_1/2分别为(2.36±0.22)、(2.91±0.19)、(3.04±0.86)h，t_max分别为(1.03±0.25)、(1.18±0.17)、(1.5±0.43)h，MRT_0-t分别为(11.33±1.53)、(11.27±1.09)、(8.29±0.76)h；静脉注射后，AUC_0-t为(1 536±421.3)h·ng/mL，t_1/2为(2.57±0.46)h，MRT_0-t为(9.55±2.37)h，绝对生物利用度分别为6.73%，5.99%，5.80%。结果表明，本研究所建立的LC-MS/MS分析方法可应用于异夏佛塔苷在大鼠体内的药代动力学特性研究。     

HPLC法测定清化丸中绿原酸和黄芩苷

目的 建立同时测定清化丸中绿原酸和黄芩苷的方法。方法 采用HPLC法,色谱柱为Diamond C₁₈（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）柱,流动相为甲醇-0.2%磷酸水溶液,梯度洗脱,体积流量1.0 mL/min,检测波长327 nm,柱温40 ℃。结果 绿原酸在32.96～494.40 ng呈线性关系,平均回收率为100.6%;黄芩苷在48.27～724.05 ng呈线性关系,平均回收率为98.6%。结论 该方法简便、准确可靠,能同时定量测定两种成分,更全面地控制清化丸的质量。     

HPLC法测定银黄滴丸中绿原酸和黄芩苷

目的 采用HPLC法建立银黄滴丸的质量标准。方法 绿原酸色谱条件：色谱柱为ZorBax SB-C₁₈（150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相为乙腈-0.4%磷酸（10∶90）,体积流量1 mL/min,柱温35 ℃,检测波长327 nm;黄芩苷色谱条件：色谱柱为Kromatek C₁₈柱（150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相为甲醇-水-磷酸（47∶53∶0.2）,体积流量1 mL/min,柱温35 ℃,检测波长280 nm。结果 绿原酸线性范围为0.143～2.288 μg,平均加样回收率为99.3%,RSD为1.54%;黄芩苷线性范围为0.067 5～1.080 μg,平均加样回收率为99.9%,RSD为1.07%。结论 该方法简便、灵敏、专属性强、重复性好,可作为银黄滴丸的质量控制方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.