布鲁氏菌病血清学诊断研究进展

本文综述了16种布鲁氏菌病血清学诊断方法,并对其优、缺点进行了分析。     

布鲁氏菌病血清学的追踪观察

淄博市淄川区自1953年发现第1例布鲁氏菌病(简称布病)患者以来,4O多年来,本区曾进行过多次有组织的布病调查并坚持了常年对重点人群的监测,绝大多数患者被发现且得到了有效治疗,但布病发病分散,病程绵缠,虽尽全力,仍有少数患者遗有关节疼痛,全身无力等症状和皮试及血清学指标阳性等。我站自80年代以来,就注意到了有关血清学试验资料的积累和血清标本的搜集及保存等。现将96例急、慢性期布病血清学追踪观察结果如下。1 材料和方法1.1 培养见参考文献[1]1.2 血清学试验 SAT(试管凝集试验),用常规法。CFT(补体结合试验),37℃2Omin加温法。Coomb's(抗人球蛋白试验),1991年前用试管法,1991年后改用微量法,     

西藏阿里地区布鲁氏菌病血清学调查分析

目的了解西藏阿里地区布鲁氏菌病流行现状,为防治提供科学依据。方法采集日土、革吉、扎达、噶尔、措勤县的农牧民及学生的血清进行虎红平板凝集试验,阳性者进一步做试管凝集试验,以血清效价1:100(++)及以上作为诊断标准。结果 2011—2013年阿里地区共调查920人份血清,阳性35份,阳性率3.80%;男性阳性率为5.37%(24/447),女性阳性率2.33%(11/473),差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.82,P0.05);阳性者主要分布在20~50岁年龄组,占所有阳性者的60.20%;不同职业间阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.77,P0.05);纯牧业区措勤县农牧民血清学阳性率为3.31%、革吉县为10.62%;半农半牧区的日土、扎达、噶尔县农牧民阳性率分别为1.04%、2.90%和2.94%。结论阿里地区5个县职业人群都存在布鲁氏菌病血清学阳性者,应加强布鲁氏菌病防治知识的宣传力度,与农牧部门联合开展畜间免疫工作,控制传染源,切断传播途径,改变当地农牧民的不良习惯和行为,降低犬的数量,减少与犬的接触,提高自我防护意识,才能有效控制布鲁氏菌病的发生。     

喀什地区人间布鲁氏菌病血清学抽样调查监测报告

喀什地区人间布鲁氏菌病血清学抽样调查监测报告肉孜，古丽皮叶，迪丽拜尔（新疆喀什地区地方病办公室新疆喀什地区卫生防疫站）新疆喀什地区以农业为主，也有比较分散、范围不大的牧业和少数畜牧农场，虽然布鲁氏菌病有牧业区多见于农业区的特点，但我区广大农村９８％以...     

肃南县人畜间布鲁氏菌病血清学差异现象的调查

肃南县是1981年达到布鲁氏杆菌病(以下简称布病)控制区标准的。近年人间通过对2027人调查,感染率为24.77%,患病率7.40%,并有新发病人出现,表明疫情有所回升。而畜间调查,牛阳性率仅为0.4%,羊0.13%。为了查明该县布病分布情况,流行特点、疫情动     

河北省布鲁氏菌病疫区人群血清学调查

目的了解河北省布鲁氏菌病（布病）疫区高危人群的感染情况。方法分别采集张家口市历史疫区195份血清材料和保定市皮毛加工工人血清样本79份,采用平板凝集反应和试管凝集法常规方法进行。结果河北省高危人群布病阳性率平板凝集为8.0%,试管凝集为8.0%,对照组36人,两法均为阴性。结论河北省布病高危人群的感染率比较高,应采取相应的预防和控制措施。     

新疆地区人群R型布鲁氏菌感染血清学调查报告

我们于1991～1992年对新疆7个县(市)的1841人进行了R型布鲁氏菌感染血清学调查。调查结果:R型布鲁氏菌平均感染率为1.63％;S型布鲁氏菌感染率高的地区,R型菌感染率也相应较高,并且农村人群的感染率高于牧区。     

慢性布病血清学诊断方法的比较研究

现阶段布病的特点是布病患者多呈不典型经过,临床症状轻微,无明显发热,血清学反应低效价。这就给布病的准确诊断增加了难度,所以血清学诊断就应采取更加特异、敏感的微量法手段。随着免疫学的发展,布病的血清学诊断在技术     

新疆塔城地区高危人群布鲁氏菌病血清学监测分析

目的了解新疆塔城地区高危人群布鲁氏菌病血清学监测情况,为控制布鲁氏菌病疫情提供科学依据。方法对2014年辖区高危人群布鲁氏菌病监测项目县(市)上报的血清学检测数据进行统计学分析。结果流行病学调查2 452人,血清学检测样本2 452份,其中阳性246份,阳性率10.03%,额敏县阳性率最高(χ2=79.371,P0.05),农民阳性率最高为16.02%(χ2=28.517,P0.05),21岁~年龄组阳性率最高为14.47%(χ2=23.368,P0.05),男性阳性率高为13.91%(χ2=52.658,P0.05)。结论有效控制畜间疫情是当前控制塔城地区人间布鲁氏菌病疫情的关键,应进一步加强牲畜的检疫和免疫,严禁买卖病畜,加强畜产品的卫生监督;从事牧业的人员应做好个人防护,开展高危人群布鲁氏菌病监测工作,加强宣传教育,提高群众防病意识。     

囊虫病免疫诊断检测方法的研究进展

本文综述了10种囊虫病免疫诊断方法，并对其优、缺点进行了分析。     

Use of the Brucella IgM and IgG flow assays in the serodiagnosis of human brucellosis in an area endemic for brucellosis

The clinical utility of two complementary tests for brucellosis, the Brucella IgM and IgG flow assays, was evaluated in a hospital in eastern Turkey. The results show that the flow assays are convenient diagnostic tests for use in endemic areas. A positive result in the flow assays was obtained in 91% and 97% of the admission sera from adult and pediatric patients with brucellosis, respectively, and the sensitivity at admission was 100% for culture-confirmed brucellosis. The assay system performed equally well in diagnosing patients at different stages of illness including patients with acute, subacute, or chronic disease and with relapse. The results of the flow assays correlated well with those of a serum agglutination test at a cut-off > or =1:160. The agreement was 92%. Application of the flow assays on serum samples collected during a village survey for brucellosis after an outbreak demonstrated their diagnostic potential as field tests.     

新生儿溶血病血清学检查2种方法的对比研究

目的：对比研究微柱凝胶法和抗人球蛋白试验在新生儿溶血病（HDN）血清学检查中的应用。方法：选择母婴ABO血型不合的新生儿血液标本80份。每份标本均用微柱凝胶法和抗人球蛋白试验进行HDN“三项检查”：直抗试验、游离试验和释放试验。并将数据进行统计学处理。结果：直抗试验中2种方法均无阳性结果;游离试验中2种方法比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;释放试验中2种方法比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：HDN“三项检查”中微柱凝胶法优于试管法,快速、简便,标本量少,重复性强,结果判定直观,敏感性强。     

Application of immunoassay methods in the serodiagnosis of human filariasis

To be more definitive as a serodiagnostic method, an ideal immunoassay for detection of filaria-specific antibody and filarial antigens in body fluids should identify active filarial infection and differentiate between past and present infection. It should perform well in the areas of precision, reproducibility, parallelism, and sensitivity and should use reference and quality control reagents prepared with human body fluids that contain defined amounts of filarial antigen. Moreover, a sufficient quantity of reference serum in stable form should be made available to permit interlaboratory cross-standardization. Difficulty with uniform radiolabeling of filarial antigen extracts and the interference of human antibody have combined to eliminate the competitive-binding immunoassay as a useful method. Of the noncompetitive methods evaluated, the immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) and its nonisotopic counterpart, the immunoenzymetric assay (IEMA), perform best. As a factor masking diagnostically important antigenic determinants, the variable amount of human antibody in blood interfered with all assay designs tested. Better characterization of the antigen(s) circulating in the blood or excreted into the urine of infected individuals will improve assay specificity and sensitivity and will facilitate the preparation of antibody probes more specifically targeted to filarial antigens for use in both the IRMA and IEMA.     

Rapid serodiagnosis for leprosy--a preliminary study on latex agglutination test

In this study, we have developed two latex agglutination tests (LATs) with phenolic glycolipid-I (PGL-I) and natural disaccharide-octyl-bovine serum albumin (ND-O-BSA) as antigens in 110 leprosy patients (LL = 30, BL = 30, BT = 30, and TT = 20), 50 tuberculosis cases, and 30 normal controls. These two LATs were compared with corresponding ELISAs (ND-O-BSA ELISA and PGL-I ELISA) and analyzed by the chi-squared test. There were no significant differences between the two LATs (PGL-I LAT and ND-O-BSA LAT) and their corresponding ELISAs. There was an increase in the proportion of positive cases detectable which coincided with the clinical classification of leprosy, i.e., lepromatous cases were more likely to be positive than tuberculoid cases. LATs are more simple and rapid than ELISAs and have high sensitivity (77% in ND-O-BSA LAT, 80.5% in PGL-I LAT) and specificity (99% in both LATs). LATs may become useful tools for the immunodiagnosis of leprosy in the field. The stability and repeatability of LATs are discussed in detail.     

An evaluation of diagnostic methods for bovine brucellosis in Libya

A total of 8,607 animals were examined for detection of brucellosis using blood serum agglutination as well as complement fixation tests. out of 8,607 sera samples examined, 125 sera played positive serum agglutination reactions in significant levels for brucella (1.45%). The percentage of reactors to the complement fixation test in the examined cattle was 1.82%. The relation between positive or doubtful cases of serum tube agglutination as regards to their complement fixation results were discussed in detail.     

囊虫病的药物治疗研究进展

本文综述了中、西药治疗囊虫病的效果、不良反应和注意事项。