社会支持、自我效能感对丧偶老年人主观幸福感的影响

目的了解社会支持、自我效能感对丧偶老年人主观幸福感的影响。方法采用社会支持量表、自我效能感量表和主观幸福感量表对丧偶老年人进行了调查。结果与有偶老年人相比,丧偶老年人的主观幸福感比较低,获得的社会支持较少,自我效能感较高;在主观幸福感维度中,生活满意度分别与社会支持总分、客观支持、主观支持呈显著的正相关(r=0.509、0.622、0.40);积极情感分别与社会支持总分、客观支持、主观支持、自我效能感呈显著的正相关(r=0.318、0.246、0.315、0.227);消极情感分别与社会支持总分、客观支持、主观支持、对支持的利用度、自我效能感呈显著的负相关(r=0.289、0.217、0.312、0.285、0.272)。客观支持、主观支持对生活满意度有显著的预测作用;主观支持、自我效能感对积极情感有显著的预测作用;对支持的利用度、主观支持、自我效能感对消极情感有显著的预测作用。结论社会支持、自我效能感影响丧偶老年人的主观幸福感。     

农村女性自我效能感对主观幸福感影响

目前,全国农业从业人员以女性为主,占总从业人员的53.2％[1].农村女性在家庭关系中处于重要结点位置,同时也是实现"生产发展、生活宽裕、乡风文明、村容整洁、管理民主"的社会主义新农村重大发展战略的重要参与力量.近年来,国内关注农村群体幸福感的研究较多[2-3],但关注农村女性幸福感研究数量有限,且探讨的影响因素也较宽泛,为了解湖南省农村女性主观幸福感现状,探讨自我效能感对其主观幸福感的影响,于2011年9月对湖南省8个县的378名农村妇女进行调查,现将结果报告如下.     

社会支持和自我效能感与驻疆官兵职业倦怠的关系

目的探讨社会支持、自我效能感与职业倦怠的关系,为有针对性开展驻疆官兵职业倦怠干预工作提供理论依据。方法采用分层随机抽样法,抽取1939名驻疆官兵进行军人职业倦怠量表、军人社会支持量表、一般自我效能感量表测评研究。结果 (1)城镇籍官兵职业倦怠除成就感因子外,其余因子分显著高于农村籍官兵(P0.05,P0.01)。(2)职业倦怠总分及各维度得分与自我效能感总分呈显著负相关,与社会支持总分呈显著正相关(P0.01)。(3)社会支持、自我效能感具有显著预测作用(P0.01)。(4)社会支持在职业倦怠与自我效能感间具有部分中介作用。结论不同户籍官兵职业倦怠存在显著差异,社会支持、自我效能感对职业倦怠具有显著预测作用。     

监狱警察一般自我效能感和社会支持与心理弹性的关系

目的 探讨监狱警察一般自我效能感、社会支持与心理弹性的关系,为监狱警察心理健康研究提供依据.方法 采用一般自我效能感量表(GSES)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)和成人心理弹性量表(RSA)对101名监狱警察进行调查.结果 ①监狱警察心理弹性状况整体良好,在社会资源、家庭凝聚力、自我效能等维度上处于较好的状态;②监狱警察心理弹性与一般自我效能感、社会支持呈正相关关系(r=0.487,r=0.582);③一般自我效能感、社会支持对心理弹性具有显著的预测效应(t =5.541,P＜0.01;t=7.139,P＜0.01).结论 监狱警察心理弹性受一般自我效能感和社会支持的影响,应重视监狱警察自我效能感的建立,提升其社会支持水平,增强心理弹性水平,维护身心健康.     

大学生心理应激水平与自我效能感和主观幸福感的关系

目的探求心理应激水平与自我效能感和主观幸福感之间的关系,以提升大学生的心理应激水平。方法选取有应激情绪来校医院就诊的253名大学生作为实验组,学习《医学保健基础》选修课的273名大学生作为对照组,采用问卷调查的方法,分别测定2组对象的自我效能感、主观幸福感和心理应激状态,并对数据进行统计分析。结果实验组一般效能感分值与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05);实验组总体幸福感总分与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05);实验组心理应激总分与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论自我效能感和主观幸福感与大学生心理应激水平之间存在相关性,可通过提升大学生自我效能感和主观幸福感来提高大学生心理应激水平。     

医护人员社会支持与主观幸福感的相关性研究

目的:了解医护人员社会支持、主观幸福感状况,并探讨两者的相关性.方法:采用社会支持评定量表和总体幸福感量表,对潍坊市415名医护人员进行问卷调查.结果:医护人员主观幸福感和社会支持水平得分较高:社会支持和主观幸福感具有正相关关系,并对主观幸福感具有正向预测作用.结论:医护人员社会支持与主观幸福感存在正相关性,可通过加强医护人员的社会支持水平以提高其主观幸福感.     

大学生学业自我效能感、自尊、领悟社会支持与学习倦怠的关系研究

目的探讨大学生学业自我效能感与学习倦怠之间的关系以及自尊在其中的中介效果和领悟社会支持的调节作用。方法以学业自我效能感量表、自尊量表、领悟社会支持量表和学习倦怠量表为调查工具,运用问卷测量法于2019年4—5月对河南省3所高校268名大学生进行调查,并对数据进行分析。结果 (1)学业自我效能感和学习倦怠呈显著的负相关(r=-0.45,P<0.01),与自尊呈显著的正相关(r=0.32,P<0.01),自尊和学习倦怠呈显著的负相关(r=-0.49,P<0.01)。(2)自尊的中介效应的95%CI为-0.132～-0.052,不包括0,说明自尊在学业自我效能感和学习倦怠之间起中介作用,中介效应占总效应的34.2%。(3)领悟社会支持对自尊的中介效应起调节作用(F=4.46,P<0.05)。结论学业自我效能感能直接负向预测学习倦怠,自尊在学业自我效能感和学习倦怠之间起中介作用,领悟社会支持调节了该中介效应的后半段路径,即调节了自尊和学习倦怠之间的关系。     

农村中学生领悟社会支持、自尊与主观幸福感的关系

目的 探讨农村中学生领悟社会支持、自尊与主观幸福感之间的关系。方法 采用问卷调查法, 对两所学校927名农村中学生施测领悟社会支持、自尊与主观幸福感量表, 分析影响主观幸福感的中介。结果 领悟社会支持和主观幸福感呈显著正相关(r=0.403);自尊与主观幸福感呈显著正相关(r=0.660)。领悟社会支持对自尊和主观幸福感的回归效应显著(R²=0.097, R²=0.163);自尊在领悟社会支持基础之上对主观幸福感的回归效应显著(R²=0.436)。结论 领悟社会支持、自尊影响主观幸福感;自尊是领悟社会支持和主观幸福感之间关系的中介。     

自我效能感在社区医护人员职业倦怠和主观幸福感之间的中介作用

目的 探讨社区医护人员职业倦怠、自我效能感与主观幸福感的关系以及自我效能感的中介作用。方法 2021年10月—2022年1月,采取多阶段分层随机抽样方法,选取山东省潍坊市384名社区医护人员为研究对象,使用职业倦怠量表（MBI）、自我效能感量表、主观幸福感量表进行问卷调查,采用SPSS 21.0进行独立样本t检验、单因素方差分析及相关性分析。结果 社区医护人员职业倦怠、自我效能感和主观幸福感总分分别为:（45.86±18.12）、（27.07±6.43）、（13.44±3.04）;职业倦怠与自我效能、主观幸福感呈负相关（r = - 0.29,P＜0.05）（r = - 0.30,P＜0.05）。自我效能感与主观幸福感呈正相关（r = 0.93,P＜0.05）;中介作用结果显示,社区医护人员自我效能感在职业倦怠和主观幸福感之间起完全中介作用,中介总效应值为 - 0.313。结论 在自我效能感作用下,社区医护人员职业倦怠对主观幸福感的直接作用不显著,但职业倦怠可以通过自我效能感的中介作用,间接影响社区医护人员的主观幸福感。自我效能感在社区医护人员职业倦怠和主观幸福感之间起完全中介作用。     

初中生身体自我与一般自我效能感相关研究

目的探讨初中生的身体自我与一般自我效能感之间的关系。方法采用身体自我描述问卷(PSDQ)和一般自我效能感量表(GSES)对834名贵州省某中学初中生进行问卷调查,并对调查结果进行统计分析。结果男生的PSDQ总分高于女生,九年级学生的PSDQ总分高于其他年级学生,且差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);男生的GSES得分高于女生,独生子女的GSES得分高于非独生子女,且差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。相关性分析及回归分析结果显示,初中生PSDQ及其各维度与GSES均呈正相关(P0.01),且协调性、自尊、外表、体育活动、耐力维度对初中生一般自我效能感有明显的预测作用及影响,五者联合起来可解释变异量的0.320。结论初中生身体自我与一般自我效能感呈正相关,且身体自我可预测及影响一般自我效能感。学校及教师应帮助初中生(尤其是女生及低年级初中生)提高其身体自我认知及自我评价水平,进而提升其一般自我效能感水平。     

Relation Between Perceived Stress,Social Support,and Coping Strategies and Maternal Well-Being: A Review of the Literature

The objective of this work was to review published articles on the impact of perinatal stress on mothers' medium- or long-term psychological health and the efficacy of coping strategies, to determine if social support plays a role in the interaction between birth events and mothers' psychological experiences, and to identify the tools used for these measurements. MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases were searched for English and French language articles from 2000 through 2010 inclusive. Thirty-seven articles fulfilled the selection criteria. The results of this review highlight an association between perceived stress and postpartum depressive symptoms. However, because perceived stress has been evaluated in a general manner, it was not possible to identify events having more or less relation to postpartum depressive symptoms in mothers. Social support also appeared to be related to mothers' psychological health. Coping strategies were difficult to analyze because of the lack of homogeneity in their definition across studies. The comparison among studies of social support and coping strategies was also difficult due to the diversity of tools used and their lack of specificity. New tools should be specifically developed for the perinatal period, and further research should be performed to understand better the events and adequacy of social support.     

Postnatal Quality of Life,Depressive Symptoms,and Social Support Among Women in Southern India

Evaluation of postnatal quality of life (QOL) has remained a poorly researched area in India. The present cross-sectional study assessed postnatal QOL, using the Mother Generated Index (MGI) and its associated risk factors, and was conducted during January–March 2013 among 274 mothers, 6–8 weeks postnatally. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to evaluate sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics and social support. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and QOL using the MGI. The vast majority (90.1 percent) of respondents in our study had a primary MGI score <5, those with significantly higher prevalence of physical problems and psychological distress. A total of 39.8 percent of respondents were screened as having other (not major) depressive symptoms and 4.7 percent as having major depressive symptoms. Multiple regression analysis revealed that age (β = 0.033, p = .018) and socioeconomic status (β = 0.156, p < .001) were significantly positively associated with QOL, while increased depressive symptom scores (β = ?0.075, p < .001) were significantly negatively associated with QOL. A wide spectrum of QOL aspects were reported, including physical, emotional, social, and economic concerns by the mothers. Prevention, evaluation, and treatment of postnatal depressive symptoms and impaired QOL are warranted, taking into account the role of various biopsychosocial risk factors and specific concerns raised by the mothers.     

Social Support,Marital Adjustment,and Psychological Distress Among Women With Primary Infertility in Pakistan

This study aimed to identify prevalence rates of psychological distress among Pakistani women seeking help for primary infertility. The associations of social support, marital adjustment, and sociodemographic factors with psychological distress were also examined. A total of 177 women with primary infertility were interviewed from one hospital in Islamabad using a Self-Reporting Questionnaire, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the Locke-Wallace Marital Adjustment Test. The data were collected between November 2012 and March 2013. The prevalence of psychological distress was 37.3 percent. The results of the logistic regression suggested that marital adjustment and social support were significantly negatively associated with psychological distress in this sample. These associations were not confounded by any of the demographic variables controlled in the multivariable regression models. The role of perceived social support and adjustment in marriage among women experiencing primary infertility are important factors in understanding their psychological distress. The results of this small-scale effort highlight the need for social and familial awareness to help tackle the psychological distress related to infertility. Future research needs to focus on the way the experience of infertility is conditioned by social structural realities. New ways need to be developed to better take into account the process and nature of the infertility experience.