S型氯代甘油醇对雄性ICR小鼠生育力的影响

目的研究S型氯代甘油醇对雄性ICR小鼠生育能力及睾丸、附睾的组织病理学影响。方法雄性性成熟ICR小鼠64只,随机分为4组,每组16只。实验组分别给予1/40、1/20、1/10LD50(小鼠经口LD50117.54mg/kg)S型氯代甘油醇,对照组给予等体积双蒸水。连续灌胃染毒5天后,每组取4只雄鼠按雌/雄1∶1交配,此后每隔2天交配一次,持续2个月,观察S型氯代甘油醇对雄性小鼠交配指数和雄性生育力指数的影响。实验结束后,每组保留6只动物继续染毒至8个月后进行附睾精子计数和睾丸、附睾的组织病理学检查。结果①与对照组相比,染毒S型氯代甘油醇2个月未引起雄性ICR小鼠交配指数和雄性生育力指数显著降低(P>0.05);②染毒8个月未导致附睾精子数量显著降低(P>0.05),睾丸和附睾的组织病理学检查未见明显异常。结论低剂量长期染毒S型氯代甘油醇对雄性小鼠不具有抗生育作用。     

PACTR结构化管理在男性肿瘤患者生育力保存中的实践与效果

目的探讨PACTR结构化管理在男性肿瘤患者生育力保存中的实践与效果。方法将2016年10~12月在四川省肿瘤医院就诊的男性肿瘤患者纳入对照组(31例),采用传统方式管理。2017年1~3月就诊的男性肿瘤患者纳入研究组(28例),采用PACTR结构化管理(包括评估患者接受度和意愿,考虑不育风险和保存生育能力安全性,结合宣教手册告知患者不育风险,提供生育力保存信息,有意愿者及时转诊给生殖专家)。自设问卷调查研究对象的生育力保存及肿瘤治疗生殖毒性认知,以及生育力保存意愿。结果研究组与对照组的生育力保存意愿相比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论PACTR结构化管理是促进男性肿瘤患者保存生育力的有效举措。     

精液质量评估与男性生育力关系

目的不育夫妇中,50%与男性因素相关,随着不育症的发病率增高,对男性生育力的正确评估显得尤为重要。《世界卫生组织人类精液检查与处理实验室手册》的更新不断推动着男科实验室的发展,也提出了问题与挑战。正确认识精液质量评估的各种参数与男性生育力之间的关系对临床诊断以及治疗方案的选择至关重要。     

Sperm epigenetics in the study of male fertility,offspring health,and potential clinical applications

The mammalian sperm contains a highly unique and specialized epigenetic landscape that offers a great degree of interesting research opportunities. One key discriminating feature of the mature sperm epigenome is that it, in theory, represents both remnant marks used throughout spermatogenesis to generate sperm cells competent to perform their function, but also marks that appear to be useful beyond fertilization. Key questions must be asked about the utility of these marks and the multiple purposes that may be served. It is this unique epigenetic landscape that has driven some labs to begin to study the links between aberrant sperm epigenetic patterns and various forms of infertility, from idiopathic to alterations in sperm motility, morphology, and viability and fertilization capacity. Because of the unique nature of the sperm epigenome and the patterns found in mature sperm that appear to reflect perturbations in spermatogenesis that may ultimately have effect on pregnancy outcomes, some researchers believe that these marks may provide predictive insight that can be exploited. Indeed, there is emerging data suggesting that the predictive power of DNA methylation and RNA signatures in sperm likely exceeds that which can be found with traditional assessments of male infertility. This review will focus on the utilization of the sperm epigenome as a potential diagnostic tool in the context of male infertility, as well as the potential difficulties associated with such an approach.     

Case-control study of leatherwork and male infertility

OBJECTIVES—To test the hypothesis that leatherwork is associated with male infertility mediated through the development of oligozoospermia. The basis of any association was postulated, at the outset, to be with exposure to the solvents used in leatherwork.
METHODS—All new referrals with infertility presenting in Leicestershire hospital clinics between November 1988 and September 1992 and Kettering District General Hospital from August 1990 were eligible to participate; 88.5% agreed to be interviewed. Exposure to leatherwork and work with solvents was defined by job title. Comparisons were made with fertile controls and in an analysis within men from infertile couples with oligozoospermia as the primary outcome. Effects on sperm motility and deformity were investigated secondarily. Analyses used logistic regression for binary outcomes and multilevel modelling for continuous outcomes.
RESULTS—1906 men were interviewed. Compared with the fertile controls the men from infertile couples were 1.10 times (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.46 to 2.63; p=0.99) more likely to be leatherworkers and 1.73 times (95% CI 1.26 to 2.38; p<0.001) more likely to work with solvents. Compared with other men, leatherworkers were 1.20 times (95% CI 0.43 to 3.33; p=0.73) more likely to present with oligozoospermia and 1.65 times (95% CI 0.37 to 7.30; p=0.51) more likely to present with teratozoospermia. Being a leatherworker was associated with only a 6% reduction in sperm concentration; motility and deformity were similarly unaffected by this exposure. Work with solvents did not statistically, nor clinically, increase the risk of oligozoospermia, teratozoospermia, or asthenozoospermia.
CONCLUSIONS—There was little evidence to support the hypothesis that leatherwork is associated with an increased risk of presenting with infertility or oligozoospermia. There was limited evidence that leatherwork is a risk factor for teratozoospermia. Workers with solvents were at an increased risk of presenting with infertility, although this was not mediated through effects on standard measures of semen quality; this finding merits further investigation.


Keywords: leatherwork; solvents; male infertility     

杀虫剂对女性生殖系统激素功能的影响

女性生殖系统受多种因素的影响,其中激素是影响女性生殖系统(尤其对卵巢)的一个重要因素,如果激素功能受到影响,患低生殖力的危险将增加.杀虫剂被广泛应用于农业及公共卫生来控制蚊虫等带菌媒介,这对人类是有益的,但某些杀虫剂可通过多种机制干扰女性的激素功能,进而对生殖系统产生负面影响.杀虫剂对女性生殖系统的危害,包括月经周期紊乱、不孕、自然流产/死胎、TTP延长及发育缺陷等,这些已经从流行病学角度得到证实.     

Assessment of antifertility activities of abamectin pesticide in male rats

The effects of abamectin pesticide on fertility of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were investigated. Adult male rats were exposed to tap water containing 0, 571, 857, or 1714 ppm abamectin for 6 weeks. Based on fluid consumption, animals received 0, 1.19, 1.87, and 2.13 mg/animal/day abamectin, respectively. Fertility was significantly reduced in male rats ingesting abamectin at all three doses in that the number of females impregnated by them was significantly reduced. The number of viable fetuses was significantly reduced in females mated with males that ingested abamectin at 1.87 or 2.13 mg/animal/day. Significant increases in the total number of resorptions and the number of females with resorptions were observed in females mated with the exposed males at all three concentrations. The body weight gain and water consumption were significantly lower in males that ingested 2.13 mg/animal/day abamectin. Likewise, ingestion of abamectin at all three concentrations caused a significant increase in the weight of testes. Epididymal and testicular sperm counts and daily sperm production were significantly decreased in exposed males. The serum level of testosterone was significantly reduced, whereas the serum level of follicle-stimulating hormone was significantly increased in males that ingested abamectin at a concentration of 2.13 mg/animal/day. Histological evaluation of the testes revealed several abnormalities including infiltration with congested blood vessels with marked hemorrhage and a significant accumulation of connective tissue surrounding the seminiferous tubules. These results strongly suggest the adverse effects of abamectin pesticide on male rat fertility.     

Effects of prolonged autovehicle driving on male reproductive function: A study among taxi drivers

This study had the purpose of exploring the possible association between the work exposures of professional drivers and their reproductive health, by studying a group of 201 taxi drivers in the city of Rome. Data on work and reproductive history were collected by interviews. Biological markers examined in 72 subjects included salivary testosterone levels, sperm quality (i.e., sperm concentration, sperm morphology, and motility), and fertility experience, including time to pregnancy. Their spermatologic profile was compared with that of a control group of 50 healthy subjects of similar age and smoking habits. The results showed that taxi drivers, compared to the controls, had a significantly lower prevalence of normal sperm forms (45.8% vs. 64.0%); this was particularly true for those with a longer time on this job. This result was confirmed by a multivariate analysis in which confounders such as age, smoking, and alcohol consumption were controlled. The other sperm parameters did not differ in the study and the control groups. Among the life-style factors, we found smoking to be associated with poorer sperm morphology. Moderate alcohol consumption was associated with a better seminologic profile, while the pattern in respect to coffee intake was inconclusive. Subjects with poor semen quality also more frequently exhibited longer time to pregnancy of their partner. The results suggest that prolonged urban automobile driving might be a risk factors for sperm quality, and particularly for sperm morphology, but the finding needs further confirmation. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

营养对女性生育能力的影响作用研究进展北大核心CSCD

随着全球范围内不孕不育发病率的提高, 营养对生殖健康的影响越来越受到人们的重视。许多研究结果表明营养状况及日常营养物质的摄入对女性生育能力有着非常重要的影响。营养不良或营养过剩, 尤其是微量元素、维生素和三大类营养物质(包括糖类、脂类和蛋白质)在体内的均衡状况与女性生育功能密切相关, 并影响着女性卵巢储备、卵子发育、受精、胚胎发育、胚胎种植等整个生育过程。本文就营养状况与主要营养物质对女性生殖生育功能的影响及其作用进行综述。     

Impact of fertility policy adjustment on fertility intention among married female medical staff

目的 了解生育政策调整对已婚女性医务人员生育意愿及发展的影响因素。 方法 采取方便抽样方法,于2018年5 — 7月对北京、辽宁各级医疗机构258名已婚女性医务人员进行问卷调查,并对其中20人进行现场访谈,分析已婚女性医务人员生育观及其影响因素。 结果 已婚女性医务人员生育二胎意愿比较,不愿意的比例最高为45.3 %（117/258）,没想好比例为27.5 %（71/258）,愿意的比例为27.1 %（70/258）,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.01）;不同年龄已婚女性医务人员生育二胎意愿比较,< 30岁愿意生育二胎的比例最高（37.8 %）,> 40岁的比例最低（14.5 %）;一胎性别对已婚女性医务人员生育二胎意愿无影响;48.1 %的已婚女性医务人员认为,生育二胎后生活质量会下降;在影响生育二胎的因素中,排在前三位的依次为无帮手照顾孩子、经济因素和工作原因。 结论 已婚女性医务人员生育二胎意愿较低;无帮手照顾孩子、经济因素和工作原因是已婚女性医务人员生育二胎的主要影响因素。     

The effect of ketoconazole on fertility of male rats

The effect of ketoconazole on the fertility of male rats was evaluated. Three days of oral dosing with ketoconazole at 200 mg/kg reduced fertility compared to controls. A complete loss of fertility was observed after doses of 400 mg/kg. There was no change in the testicular weight, epididymal sperm concentration or epididymal weight between the control and treatment groups. Motility was reduced in the high-dose group and forward progression was reduced in both dosing groups compared to control. These data support previous observations in the dog and primate that orally administered ketoconazole alters sperm viability. Although ketoconazole is too toxic for contraceptive application, its derivatives may be useful for this purpose.     

Effect of occupational exposures on male fertility: literature review

The present review was aimed to determine the influence of working conditions, occupational exposures to potential chemical and physical reproductive toxic agents and psychological stress during work on male fertility. Significant associations were reported between impaired semen parameters and the following chemical exposures: metals (lead, mercury), pesticides (dibromochlorophane, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), ethylene glycol ethers and estrogens. The following physical exposures were shown to deteriorate sperm parameters: radiation (both ionized and microwaves) and heat. Psychological distress has another important contribution to infertility. Several studies indicated that stress has a negative impact on sperm parameters. Occupational parameters should be an important part of history taking among patients attending infertility clinics.     

脉冲喷雾机药喷嘴位置对药液雾化的影响研究

利用脉动发动机的热能和动能将农药进行热力雾化成非常细小的能悬浮、弥漫、扩散在防治空间内的雾滴,具有其他机具无法比拟的特点。针对6HYC-25型脉冲烟雾机采用的脉冲发动机,研究药喷嘴在喷管上的轴向安放位置对水剂农药的热力雾化效果。结果表明：药喷嘴位置距喷管口200～300mm范围内可将药液完全雾化,形成的雾滴体积中径最低只有64．8μm,最高为67μm。当药喷嘴位置距喷管口不到200mm的3个药喷嘴,均出现药液不能完全雾化的现象,即喷管口出现滴液、喷管口附近的地面较潮湿。因此,适合药液完全雾化的药喷嘴所在位置区间为距喷管口200～300mm的范围内,适用于密闭空间进行卫生消杀的最佳位置为300mm。     

子宫腺肌病小鼠模型建立及对生育力的影响

目的：使用口服他莫西芬法建立美国癌症研究所（ ICR）小鼠子宫腺肌病模型,并对此模型生育力情况进行评估。方法取24只新生的雌性ICR小鼠,于日龄第2天时开始口服他莫西芬,于日龄42天、90天时分别进行子宫组织形态学观察,于日龄90天时与正常性成熟雄鼠进行交配,妊娠第9天取出子宫组织,剖腹观察双侧子宫胚胎着床数。结果①子宫腺肌病模型小鼠在42日龄时出现子宫内膜间质浸润,肌层发育紊乱;②模型小鼠于90日龄时出现子宫腺肌病典型表现：子宫内膜侵入肌层,但尚未达浆膜下;③体内试验发现,与正常对照小鼠相比,模型小鼠生育力明显下降（Fisher’s值为0．000,P＜0．01）。结论口服他莫西芬法可成功诱导ICR小鼠子宫腺肌病模型,此模型小鼠生育力下降,可作为生殖医学领域子宫腺肌病研究较好的动物模型。     

Fertility of male workers exposed to mercury vapor or to manganese dust: a questionnaire study

The fertility of male workers exposed to mercury vapor or to manganese dust was assessed with the use of the questionnaire developed by Levine et al [1980]. In the mercury group (concentration of mercury in urine ranging from 5.1 to 272.1 micrograms/g creatinine), no statistically significant difference was found between the observed number of children and that expected on the basis of the reproductive experience of a well-matched control group. On the contrary, by comparison with their corresponding controls, the manganese-exposed workers exhibited a statistically significant deficit in the number of children during their period of exposure to the metal. The airborne concentration of manganese dusts at the different workplaces ranged from 0.07 to 8.61 mg/m3 with a geometric mean of 0.94 mg/m3.     

Evaluation of the toxic potentials of cypermethrin pesticide on some reproductive and fertility parameters in the male rats

Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to tap water containing 0, 8,571, 17,143, or 34,286 ppm cypermethrin for 12 weeks. Based on water consumption per animal per day the rats received 13.15, 18.93, and 39.66 mg cypermethrin, respectively. Fertility was significantly reduced in male rats ingesting cypermethrin at a concentration of 13.15 and 18.93 mg in that the number of females impregnated by them was significantly reduced. The number of implantation sites was significantly reduced in females mated with males that had ingested cypermethrin at a concentration of 39.66 mg. A significant reduction in the number of viable fetuses was observed in females impregnated by the exposed males at all three doses of cypermethrin. The body weight gain was significantly lower in the treated males. Ingestion of cypermethrin at a concentration of 18.93 or 39.66 mg per day resulted in a significant increase in the weights of testes and seminal vesicles. Preputial gland weights were increased at all three concentrations of cypermethrin. Epididymal and testicular sperm counts as well as daily sperm production were significantly decreased in exposed males. The serum levels of testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone were significantly reduced in males exposed to 39.66 mg per day. Ingestion of cypermethrin at 18.93 and 39.66 mg/animal/day also resulted in a significant decrease in the perimeter and number of cell layers of the seminiferous tubules. The testes of treated animals were infiltrated with congested blood vessels with marked hemorrhage and a significant accumulation of connective tissue surrounding the seminiferous tubules, which contained a large number of immature spermatids. These results clearly demonstrate the adverse effects of cypermethrin pesticide on fertility and reproduction in male rats. Received: 1 January 2001/Accepted: 28 May 2001     

A genetic toxicological study of pesticide workers

Epidemiological surveys and cytogenetic screening were carried out in agricultural workers using pesticides in open fields and in closed spaces respectively in four agricultural counties of Hungary. Some data of the chromosome analyses show the probability of mutagenic effects caused by pesticides. Chromosome aberrations were significantly more frequent in pesticide workers already in the first year of work. Significantly more aberrations were found in those workers having an inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity at the time of the chromosome test. In 14 persons using benomyl, numerical chromosome defects increased significantly in 48 h following spraying, as compared to controls. One year later, the pre‐spraying state was found again. Chromosome mutations were significantly more abundant also in tractor drivers and spray mixers working in orchards and plough‐lands. These finding emphasize the necessity of a strict observance of preventive measures in occupational, food and environmental hygiene.     

The effect of urethral stricture on male fertility in Ife

Twenty patients with Urethral stricture disease presenting with difficulty in micturition, azoospermia, and oligospermia were studied. Only 5% of our patients could firmly claim to be fertile at the time of presentation with a rise to 80% fertility rate at the end of management. Fifteen percent did not notice any change in their status. Surgical approach claimed better result over conservative management because of other complications following gonococcal infections. The need for a close forensic analysis in the determination of paternity in all cases of Urethral strictures was stressed while a treatment protocol of graft urethroplasty in all cases of traumatic rupture and dilatation in cases following inflammatory lesions of the urethra was established.     

Lead-exposed workmen and fertility: A cohort study on 354 subjects

A cohort study was conducted in a French battery factory in 1977–1982 to explore the relationship between occupational lead exposure and fertility. A total of 354 battery workers, divided into 229 lead-exposed subjects (corresponding with 886 person-years) and 125 non-lead-exposed subjects (corresponding with 598 person-years) were compared, in a person-year analysis, for the risk of infertilitiy. Lead exposure, at any level of absorption, did not appear significantly associated with a reduction in fertility after controlling for potential confounders: age, French origin, educational level, number of children at start of the period, cigarette smoking and exposure to heat. The apparent inconsistency between our results and those of several studies involving biological data and semen analysis is partially explained by recent knowledge relating to predictive value on the pregnancy of semen abnormalities.Corresponding author.