ITI种植体早期负重与传统负重稳定性的比较

目的：应用共振频率分析评价早期负重种植体的稳定性,为种植体早期负重的可行性提供客观依据。方法：50例牙列缺损患者共植入104颗ITISLA表面实心螺纹种植体,随机分为2组,实验组为早期负重组,于术后6周修复;对照组为无负重组,于术后12周修复。在种植体植入术后当天、1周、4周、6周、8周、12周使用无线共振频率分析仪（Osstell Mentor）测定2组种植体的稳定性,所得参数为种植体稳定值（ISO）。采用Minitab统计软件对数据进行t检验．得出各时段2组ISQ值的P值。结果：术后12周,2组种植体的留存率均为100％,2组种植体在各时间段的ISQ值均无显著差异（P〉0．05）,整体变化趋势相同：表现为初期稳定性均较高,于第1周至第4周下降,第6周逐步上升,其后稳定性基本保持不变或略有上升。随访期（修复后6个月）间,2组种植体的留存率均为100％。结论：ITISLA表面种植体早期负载是可行的。     

ITI种植体在单颗牙即刻种植即刻负重的临床研究

目的：评价ITI种植体在前牙区单颗牙缺失即刻种植即刻负重修复的临床效果。方法：对31例前牙区单个牙缺失患者在拔除残根后行即刻植入ITI种植体，并对其中18枚术中戴入临时义齿，行即刻负重修复（扭矩〉25Ncm，初期稳定性好），六个月后行永久修复。在植入后3、6、12个月对其进行临床及影像学检查。结果：18枚前牙区单个牙缺失即刻植入ITI种植体并行即刻负重修复后无1枚脱落。结论：前牙区单颗牙缺失使用ITI即刻种植及即刻负重修复只要病例选择合适，合理控制咬[牙合]可以达到与常规种植同样的修复效果。     

ITI种植体即刻负荷与延迟负荷的比较研究

目的 比较即刻负荷种植修复与延期负荷修复的临床效果.方法 选择60枚植入时转矩≥30 Ncm的ITI种植体作为研究对象,随机分为两组,即刻负荷组30枚种植体在植入时即刻取模,制作临时冠,给予即刻负荷;延迟负荷组30枚种植体则安放封闭螺丝予延迟负荷作为对照.所有种植体4～6个月后予永久修复,并检测种植体周龈袋深度、出血指数、年累计骨吸收量及存留率.结果 即刻负荷组2枚种植体脱落,存留率93.3%,延期负荷组1枚种植体脱落,存留率96.7%,二者差异无统计学意义.其龈袋深度、出血指数、年累计骨吸收量及X线检查均无明显不同.结论 在严格掌握适应证的情况下,即刻负荷可以取得与延期负荷同样的成功率.     

前牙种植修复即刻负重的回顾性研究

目的回顾性分析758例HBIC-Ⅰ纯钛人工牙种植体前牙缺失种植修复即刻负重的临床效果。方法对从1997年10月至2007年1月在河北医科大学口腔医院颅颌面种植中心经治的资料完整的758例前牙缺失人工牙种植修复即刻负重病例(共计植入1112颗HBIC-Ⅰ纯钛人工牙种植体)进行回顾性研究。结果1112颗HBIC-Ⅰ纯钛人工牙种植体前牙种植术后观察6个月～10年,累计失败15颗,成功率98.65%;未发现与种植术相关的其他并发症。结论HBIC-Ⅰ纯钛人工牙种植体的临床应用效果较好,能够较好满足临床前牙缺失患者种植修复即刻负重的要求。     

种植体即刻负重的临床修复设计

目前,口腔种植被认为是牙列缺损及牙列缺失患者最佳的修复选择~([1]).经典的方法要求,种植体植入后必须经过3～6个月的无负荷愈合期,再行咬合功能修复,才能形成骨结合(osseointegration),获得具有较高强度的应力传导结构~([2]).     

前牙美学区即刻种植永久基台即刻修复后唇侧骨三维变化的定量分析

目的 通过锥形束CT(CBCT)评价前牙美学区即刻种植永久基台即刻修复术后1年唇侧骨组织的三维变化.方法 15位患者行前牙美学区即刻种植永久基台即刻修复,术后6个月行永久修复.患者分别在术后即刻及术后12个月拍摄CBCT,分别测量种植体肩台下0、1、2、3、5、7和10 mm的唇侧骨厚度(HFBT)的变化、垂直骨高度(...     

单个种植体即刻种植即刻负重骨结合情况的动物实验研究

目的本实验设计了单个种植体即刻种植即刻负重的动物模型,目的在于研究种植体周围硬组织的变化.方法选取8只成年狗,体重10～15 kg.分别拔除每只狗的双侧下颌第二前磨牙;同时,各植入一枚ITI种植体,分别以20Ncm及30Ncm的扭矩旋入.实验侧即刻以树脂冠行上部结构修复,对照侧无负荷.每只狗在植入种植体后和处死后拍X线片,观察其影像学的改变.动物分别于1个月和3个月处死后取标本,观察其组织学的改变.结果16枚种植体中14枚种植体获得良好的骨结合,种植体周围包绕着致密的骨组织,未观察到任何间隙和结缔组织长入.实验侧1枚种植体脱落,对照侧1枚种植体松动.结论单个种植体的即刻种植即刻负重是一个可行的选择.     

上颌前牙单牙即刻种植术后即刻修复和延期修复的临床效果比较

目的 比较上颌前牙单牙缺失即刻种植术后即刻修复与延期修复的临床效果。 方法 收集2015年1月至2017年9月在安徽省口腔医院种植中心完成修复的58例上颌前牙单牙种植病例,其中即刻种植即刻修复组29例（II组）,即刻种植延期修复29例（ID组）。分别于患者永久修复时,修复后3个月、6个月、12个月,检测种植存留率,比较两组的红色美学评分（PES）、白色美学评分（WES）、种植体边缘骨吸收以及患者满意度。 结果 种植体存留率：两组种植体存留率皆为100%;边缘骨吸收：垂直骨吸收：3个月时远中位点骨吸收量即刻种植即刻修复组为（0.34±0.18）mm,即刻种植延期修复组为（0.45±0.13）mm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而永久修复3个月近中位点、6个月12个月近远中位点两组均无统计学差异(P>0.05),水平骨吸收：永久修复12个月,MP1位点骨吸收量即刻种植即刻修复组（0.67±0.16）mm,即刻种植延期修复组（0.65±0.15）mm;MP2位点骨吸收量即刻种植即刻修复组（0.54±0.14）mm,即刻种植延期修复组（0.56±0.12）mm,MP1、MP2两个位点两组水平骨吸收量均无统计学差异; PES得分：即刻种植即刻修复组的PES总分在戴牙时,永久修复3个月、6个月、12个月得分分别为（9.69±1.04）、（10.00±1.03）、（10.59±1.20）、（10.79±0.98）,均显著高于即刻种植延期修复组（P<0.05）;WES评分：即刻种植即刻修复组为（7.41±0.83）,即刻种植延期修复组为（6.66±1.04）,两组得分有统计学差异（P<0.05）;患者满意度：即刻种植即刻修复组患者满意度（9.12±0.28）,即刻种植延期修复组为（8.89±0.35）,两组得分有统计学差异（P<0.05）。 结论 即刻种植术后即刻修复与延期修复永久修复1年后在种植体存留率、边缘骨吸收方面无显著差异,但在美学效果方面优于即刻种植延期修复,患者满意度高。     

上颌单前牙即刻种植修复和延期种植修复的美学效果比较

目的:比较上颌单前牙即刻种植即刻修复和延期种植延期修复的美学效果。方法:收集42例上颌单前牙种植修复病例,A组行即刻种植即刻修复(20例),B组行延期种植延期修复(22例)。采集永久修复后6个月复查的口内数码照片,用红白美学指数对其评分。统计分析以比较2组病例得分有无差异。结果:A组的种植体留存率(95.0%)和B组的种植体留存率(100%)相当,差别无统计学意义。A组红色美学指数(PES)得分(12.05±0.97)和白色美学指数(WES)得分(8.00±1.41)均高于B组PES(10.50±1.57),WES(6.95±1.21),差别具有统计学意义。A组PES≥12的病例所占比例(68.4%)高于B组(22.7%),差别具有统计学意义。结论:即刻种植即刻修复组的短期美学效果较延期种植延期修复组更好,且两者的种植体留存率没有显著差别。     

Implant-retained mandibular overdentures with immediate loading: a prospective study of ITI implants

A prospective study was conducted in which 21 patients received a mandibular implant-supported overdenture. Eighty-four ITI screw-type implants were placed in the interforaminal area of the mental symphysis (4 implants per patient). Immediately after implant placement, a U-shaped gold or titanium bar was fabricated and implants were loaded with an implant-retained overdenture. Of 21 patients treated, 19 were followed for a minimum of 25 months to a maximum of 60 months, with a mean follow-up of 37 months. Two patients dropped out during the follow-up. The overall failure rate of implants (according to Albrektsson criteria) was 4% (3/76 implants), but all implants, bars, and prostheses remained in function. Results from this study demonstrated that the success rate for immediately loaded mandibular implants is similar to that obtained in cases of delayed loading, after osseointegration has taken place. This method shortens dental rehabilitation time with relevant satisfaction for patients.     

ITI常规种植体即刻种植的临床观察

目的：评价常规ITI种植体和TE种植体应用于即刻种植的近期临床效果。方法：60例患者共103颗种植体,外伤牙、残根微创拔出即刻植入种植体,随机分常规ITI种植体组30例55枚种植体;另30例采用TE种植体组,48枚种植体。种植体周骨缺损植入Bio-0ss骨粉,植入6个月后行上部修复。修复后追踪时间平均12个月。结果：常规ITI种植体组无种植体脱落,存留率100%,TE种植体组无种植体脱落,存留率100%,二者差异无统计学意义。其龈袋深度、出血指数、年累计骨吸收量及X线检查均无明显不同。常规ITI种植体组种植体周围发生炎症一颗;两组采用GBR技术创口开裂各1例。结论：在严格掌握适应证的情况下,即刻种植中常规ITI种植体可以取得与TE种植体同样的成功率。近期效果良好,长期效果有待追踪     

BIB与ITI种植系统周边骨质吸收对比的研究

目的：放射线片评估BLB种植系统(HA涂层非螺纹柱状种植体)和ITI种植系统(TPS涂层螺纹柱状种植体)负载初期及负载后48个月种植体边缘骨吸收的差别。方法：87例患者116颗种植体按负载时间分五组进行X片牙槽骨边缘高度测定。结果：BLB种植系统骨吸收呈缓慢上升趋势，而TIT系统相对平稳，负载初TIT种植体周骨吸收高于BLB种植体，负载后36～48个月BLB种植体高于TIT种植体，两组均有统计学差异。结论：BLB种植系统骨结合更早，TIT种植系统远期骨吸收更少，更有利于保证种植的远期效果。     

The effect of bone condensation and crestal preparation on the bone response to implants designed for immediate loading: a histomorphometric study in dogs

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of bone condensation and crestal preparation on the bone response of implants designed to promote osseocompression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the first phase, the mandibular premolars of 6 dogs were extracted bilaterally. After 8 weeks, each dog received 8 Xive implants (4 per hemimandible). One hemimandible was randomly assigned to the experimental group and the other to the control group. The implant site was prepared using conventional standard drills. Prior to implant placement the crestal drill was used in the experimental group but not in the control group. After 12 weeks, the animals were sedated and sacrificed. The hemimandibles were removed and prepared for histomorphometric analysis of bone-implant contact (BIC) and bone density of areas adjacent to and further from the implant surface. RESULTS: The mean +/- SD percentages of BIC attained were 71.1% +/- 11.8% and 45.1% +/- 16.1% for the experimental and control groups, respectively. The bone density analysis revealed that in the control group, percentage BIC was a mean of 55.6% +/- 11.3% adjacent to the implant and 50.7% +/- 17.9% distant from the implant. In the experimental group, percentage BIC was a mean of 71.1% +/- 8.6% adjacent to the implant and 55.6 +/- 11.3 distant from the implant. The difference between the experimental and control groups was statistically significant for both parameters, BIC and bone density, in the adjacent areas (P < .0001). CONCLUSION: Crestal preparation is of fundamental importance for this implant system, since it led to better bone response, represented by the improved BIC and bone density.     

非埋入种植及即刻负重对牙种植体周早期骨吸收的影响

目的:评价种植体即刻负重的临床效果.方法:选择30例患者植入49颗ITI种植体.其中18例采用传统种植方式(32颗),12例采用非埋入式种植及即刻负重(17颗).分别在植入后当天、1周、1月、3月、6月、12月拍摄根尖片,测量骨吸收量.结果:所有种植体均无失败,传统种植方式组在各时间段骨吸收量与即刻负重组均无明显差异.讨论:早期理论认为种植体植入后需在无干扰、无负荷状态下完成骨结合,即需要潜入式种植和长达数月的愈合期.但进一步研究表明对新植入种植体施加的我荷只要控制在一定范围内,则可作为一种生理性刺激促进植入体周围骨组织改建矿化.结论:非埋入种植及即刻负重不会影响种植体周早期骨吸收,可获得较好的临床效果.     

Soft tissue preservation and crestal bone loss around single-tooth implants

Maintenance of interdental soft tissue and the need for esthetics are being increasingly recognized as important criteria for implant success. Statistically significant correlations have been found between the incidence of implant failure and vertical bone loss adjacent to implants. Thus, it is widely recognized that peri-implant bone resorption before loading may compromise implant success. This study aims to evaluate the effect of flap elevation on peri-implant bone loss during the healing period. Twenty sites around 10 implants were included in the study, and the effect of 2 different flap designs on the crestal height of bone was evaluated. The results of the study have shown that flap elevation can lead to increased bone loss during the healing period, with statistically significant results up to the 90-day period.     

Correlation of papilla to crestal bone levels around single tooth implants in immediate or delayed crown protocols.

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study are to determine if there is a difference in the papilla fill between implant and teeth comparing immediate provisionalized and delayed single tooth implant restorations, and to determine the relationships between the vertical and horizontal bone levels to papilla filling the inter-dental region with single implant restorations. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two groups of patients treated with single tooth implant restorations were prospectively followed. One group had immediate provisionalization of their implants, and the second group a delayed approach. Serial radiographs and photographs were used to collect bone level measurements for the vertical distance between contact point to bone level on the adjacent tooth, implant, and the midcrestal region. The horizontal distances were also recorded. Papilla morphology was scored 1 through 4. Univariate analysis was used to evaluate the relationships between bone levels and papilla morphology. RESULTS: There were no differences between papilla or bone levels comparing immediate provisionalization to delayed approaches. There were significant ( P < .05) relationships between the vertical distance from contact point to bone levels, with the distance from the contain point to the adjacent tooth the distance most critical to papilla maintenance. There were no significant relationships between horizontal distance and papilla maintenance. CONCLUSION: As the distance from the contact point to the implant increased, there was a significant chance of loss of papilla. There was no difference between delayed or immediate provisionalization and papilla scores. The horizontal distance from adjacent tooth bone level did not correlate to papilla score within the range of clinically relevant distances.     

ITI implants with overdentures: a prevention of bone loss in edentulous mandibles?

Changes in the bone mineral content (BMC) of edentulous mandibles with osseointegrated ITI implants supporting overdentures were measured in vivo by dual-photon absorptiometry. The BMC measurements were performed 3 weeks postoperatively and at the 2-year follow-up visit. Measurements were made in the ITI site (anteriorly), the premolar region just behind the fixtures, and the standard site of the mandible for obtaining reference values of the age-related MBC loss. The increased function of the mandible after this treatment seems to cause a load-related bone formation that minimizes, or in some cases may counteract, the physiologic age-related BMC loss leading to osteoporosis.