子痫前期患者子宫动脉多普勒与血清chemerin的变化及意义

目的:讨论妊娠期高血压孕妇和正常妊娠妇女妊娠早、中、晚期子宫动脉血流变化及血清chemerin变化的规律及意义。方法:选取潍坊市妇幼保健院系统产前检查的孕妇共300例作为研究对象,分别于妊娠14周、24周、34周收集和测量两组孕妇的血液样本和子宫动脉多普勒信息。比较两组孕妇血清chemerin浓度,子宫动脉舒张末期流速(S/D)、搏动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI)。结果:1)子痫前期患者血清中chemerin浓度明显高于对照组(P<0.05),且重度子痫前期组明显高于轻度子痫前期组(P<0.05)。2)子宫动脉血流动态变化:正常妊娠组孕妇随妊娠进展,子宫动脉RI、PI、S/D 3项指标逐渐降低,妊娠早、中、晚期分别比较,均有统计学差异(P<0.01)。子痫前期组孕妇子宫动脉RI、PI、S/D 3项指标以孕晚期最高,妊娠早、中、晚期分别比较,均有统计学差异(P<0.01)。子痫前期组孕妇妊娠中、晚期子宫动脉3项指标均高于正常妊娠组,有统计学差异(P<0.01)。3)子痫前期患者血清中chemerin浓度在孕早期与子宫动脉血流无明显相关性,在妊娠中晚期呈明显正相关。结论:随着妊娠进展,子痫前期患者血清中chemerin浓度逐渐升高,正常妊娠妇女子宫动脉的血流阻力逐渐下降;而子痫前期组孕妇随妊娠进展子宫动脉的血流阻力明显升高。两者共同参与妊娠期高血压的发病。     

Doppler sonographic characteristics of umbilical and uterine arteries during oral glucose tolerance testing in healthy pregnant women

PURPOSE: Studies have shown that maternal hyperglycemia may be associated with increased placental resistance to blood flow and possibly adverse perinatal outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine whether Doppler velocimetric dynamics change in the uterine and umbilical arteries in healthy pregnant women (without gestational diabetes) during acute hyperglycemia induced by oral glucose tolerance testing. METHODS: Flow in the umbilical and right and left uterine arteries was assessed by spectral Doppler sonographic examination of healthy pregnant women at 24-28 weeks' menstrual age. Four Doppler studies were conducted for each woman: 1 before oral administration of 100 g of glucose and 3 more at 1, 2, and 3 hours after glucose administration. The systolic-to-diastolic ratio was calculated for the umbilical artery, and the resistance index was calculated separately for the left and right uterine arteries. RESULTS: All results of oral glucose tolerance testing were normal, and Doppler signals were obtained in all 30 patients enrolled. No abnormal systolic-to-diastolic ratios or resistance indices were detected in any of the examinations. No significant differences in waveforms or resistance indices between the right and left uterine arteries were found during the various testing intervals. CONCLUSIONS: Acute hyperglycemia induced in healthy pregnant women does not affect blood flow velocimetric characteristics in the umbilical or uterine arteries at any stage of oral glucose tolerance testing.     

超声动态血流监测重度先兆子痫前期孕妇胎儿血流动力学变化的临床意义

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声动态检测重度先兆子痫前期孕妇胎儿脐动脉和大脑中动脉血流动力学变化的临床价值,为及时采取必要的干预措施提供依据.方法 检测30例正常孕妇(对照组)与30例重度先兆子痫前期孕妇(观察组)胎儿的脐动脉和大脑中动脉血流参数,结果进行对比分析.结果 对照组胎儿脐动脉和大脑中动脉血流阻力指数随着孕龄的增加呈降低趋势,观察组胎儿脐动脉阻力指数较对照组明显增高,而大脑中动脉血流阻力指数和胎盘小血管阻力指数明显下降,两组间比较差异均有统计学意义(均P＜ 0.05).结论 彩色多普勒超声动态血流检测晚孕期胎儿脐动脉和大脑中动脉血流参数指标可了解并评估胎儿宫内状况,为临床医师提供重要的诊断信息,降低孕产妇和新生儿的发病率及病死率.     

Nifedipine therapy for preterm labor: effects on placental, fetal cerebral and atrioventricular Doppler parameters in the first 48 hours.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of nifedipine tocolysis on Doppler parameters of the uterine, umbilical and fetal middle cerebral arteries and atrioventricular valves in the first 48 h of therapy. METHODS: Doppler waveforms of uterine, umbilical and middle cerebral arteries and both atrioventricular valves were measured from 28 pregnant women and fetuses prior to and during nifedipine therapy for preterm labor. Maternal and fetal heart rates (FHR), maternal systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and the Doppler pulsatility index (PI) of the uterine, umbilical and middle cerebral arteries were measured. The cerebroplacental ratio (middle cerebral artery PI/umbilical artery PI) was calculated. The total time velocity integrals (TVIs) of tricuspid and mitral valves and their E- and A-wave peak velocity ratio (E/A) were measured. Friedman repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare the variables before and after nifedipine therapy. If significant differences were found, Wilcoxon's signed ranks test was used to analyze the difference between the two variables. A P-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Nifedipine maintenance was associated with a significant decline in maternal systolic and diastolic blood pressure after 24 h, while maternal heart rate and FHR were unaffected. The uterine artery PI had decreased significantly at 24 and 48 h, while the umbilical artery PI did not change significantly. The middle cerebral artery PI had decreased significantly at 24 and again at 48 h. A significant fall in the cerebroplacental Doppler ratio was maintained beyond 24 h. The mean E/A values, TVIs and TVI x FHR values at 24 and 48 h were unchanged from the baseline values. CONCLUSIONS: Nifedipine maintenance tocolysis is associated with a significant decline in uterine artery and middle cerebral artery Doppler indices 24 h after the first dose. Fetal cardiac diastolic function is unaffected and the significant redistribution observed after 24 h is likely to be attributable to altered cerebral blood flow.     

西藏高原地区正常早孕期孕妇子宫动脉血流变化研究

目的比较不同海拔地区早孕期妊娠女性子宫动脉血流频谱特征。 方法前瞻性纳入2019年6月至2020年1月在西藏自治区人民医院及北京协和医院两个不同海拔地区进行常规产前检查的孕妇共144名,于孕11⁺⁰~13⁺⁶周行子宫动脉多普勒频谱测量。采用配对t检验比较左、右侧子宫动脉频谱测量数据差异;采用独立样本t检验比较不同海拔地区孕妇及高海拔地区不同民族孕妇的子宫动脉频谱测量参数的差异。 结果同一孕妇左、右侧子宫动脉多普勒参数比较,差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）。43名高海拔地区孕妇与101名低海拔地区孕妇的双侧子宫动脉平均搏动指数（PI）分别为1.892±0.495和1.824±0.404,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。高海拔地区28名藏族孕妇与15名汉族孕妇相比,双侧子宫动脉平均PI较高（2.016±0.521 vs 1.661±0.351）,差异具有统计学意义（t=-2.366,P=0.023）。 结论不同海拔地区孕妇子宫动脉血流频谱特征无明显差异,但高海拔地区藏族孕妇双侧子宫动脉平均PI较高。子宫动脉血流频谱特征的影响因素,还需进一步研究以明确。     

硫酸镁联合拉贝洛尔治疗妊高征的临床效果及对子宫动脉血流参数的影响

目的探讨硫酸镁联合拉贝洛尔治疗妊高征的临床效果及对子宫动脉血流参数的影响。方法将我院收治的120妊高征患者按随机数字表法分为观察组(60例,硫酸镁+拉贝洛尔)和对照组(60例,硫酸镁)。比较两组治疗前、后的妊高征相关指标、子宫动脉血流参数、胎儿心功能指标及不良妊娠结局发生情况。结果治疗后,观察组的SBP、DBP、24 h尿蛋白、AFP水平、RI、PI、S/D及胎儿左、右心室Tei指数均低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的不良妊娠结局总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论硫酸镁联合拉贝洛尔治疗妊高征可有效降低血压,改善子宫内动脉血流情况,提高胎儿心功能,优化妊娠结局。     

彩色多普勒超声监测妊娠期高血压疾病子宫螺旋动脉分析

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声监测对妊娠期高血压疾病的意义。方法观察我院收治的妊娠期高血压疾病孕妇45例(疾病组)及正常孕晚期孕妇475例(正常组)彩色多普勒超声子宫螺旋动脉血流频谱,并对搏动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI)及收缩期最大血流速度与舒张末期血流速度比(S/D)进行比较。结果正常组彩色多普勒超声子宫螺旋动脉血流频谱,收缩期上升缓慢,舒张期下降缓慢且持续存在,收缩期及舒张期均为低流速,呈"低阻型",PI、RI及S/D在正常范围;疾病组彩色多普勒超声子宫螺旋动脉血流频谱,收缩期上升曲线陡直,下降曲线稍缓慢,PI、RI及S/D较正常组高,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论应用彩色多普勒超声监测子宫螺旋动脉可为妊娠期高血压疾病患者临床诊断及治疗提供可靠依据。     

The short-term effect of nifedipine tocolysis on placental, fetal cerebral and atrioventricular Doppler waveforms.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of nifedipine on placental and fetal middle cerebral and atrioventricular Doppler waveforms. METHODS: Doppler waveforms of uterine (UtA), umbilical (UA) and middle cerebral (MCA) arteries and both atrioventricular valves were measured from 21 pregnant women/fetuses prior to and during nifedipine therapy for preterm labor. Maternal and fetal heart rates (FHR), maternal systolic and diastolic blood pressure, the Doppler pulsatility index and systolic/diastolic ratio of the UtA, UA and MCA were measured. The total time velocity integrals (TVI) of tricuspid and mitral valves and their E-wave/A-wave (E/A) TVI ratios were measured. Wilcoxon signed pairs test was used to compare the differences in Doppler parameters before and at 3 h after nifedipine loading up to a maximum dose of 40 mg. RESULTS: Fetal arterial and UtA Doppler parameters were not different before and after nifedipine therapy. Blood flow across the atrioventricular valves and the TVI were equally unaffected by nifedipine. The TVI x FHR product was also unchanged following nifedipine therapy. CONCLUSIONS: In women with otherwise uncomplicated pregnancies, nifedipine loading and tocolysis are generally well tolerated by the mother. Placental and fetal cerebral arterial blood flow, fetal systolic and diastolic cardiac function and downstream distribution of fetal cardiac output are unaffected by nifedipine loading. These results apply to women with unchanged vital parameters. Further studies are necessary to show long-term effects of nifedipine therapy and may help to refine choice of tocolytic agents.     

中孕期子宫动脉及髂内动脉彩色多普勒超声预测不良妊娠结局的价值

目的 应用彩色多普勒超声观测中孕期子宫动脉及髂内动脉血流频谱的变化，分析其预测不良妊娠结局的价值。方法 收集我院中孕期子宫动脉血流频谱出现舒张早期切迹的孕妇46例（切迹组）和子宫动脉舒张早期无切迹的正常孕妇51例（对照组），应用彩色多普勒超声获得子宫动脉及髂内动脉的收缩期与舒张期峰值血流速度比值（S/D）、搏动指数（PI）、阻力指数（RI），以及髂内动脉峰值血流加速时间（IIA-AT）、内径及血流量，比较两组上述参数的差异，分析子宫动脉及髂内动脉血流参数对不良妊娠结局的检出率。结果 与对照组比较，切迹组子宫动脉S/D、PI、RI和髂内动脉S/D均升高，IIA-AT延长，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。切迹组发生不良妊娠结局9例；对照组发生不良妊娠结局1例。子宫动脉舒张早期切迹联合IIA-AT、髂内动脉S/D对不良妊娠结局的检出率（50.0%）高于子宫动脉舒张早期切迹单独应用（19.6%），尤其对子痫前期的检出价值更高（40.0%vs. 10.9%），差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。结论 中孕期子宫动脉舒张早期切迹联合髂内动脉血流频谱参数可以预测不良妊娠结局的发生...     

Reproducibility and repeatability of transabdominal uterine artery Doppler velocimetry between 10 and 14 weeks of gestation.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the intraobserver repeatability and interobserver reproducibility of Doppler flow velocity measurements of the uterine arteries in pregnant women between 10 and 14 weeks of gestation. METHODS: In this prospective study, Doppler velocimetric indices (maximum peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, peak systolic velocity/end-diastolic velocity ratio, pulsatility index and resistance index) were measured twice by the same trained observer in each uterine artery of 63 women. In 47 of these women, a second trained observer then repeated the measurements. In addition, both observers classified qualitatively the blood flow with regard to the presence or absence of an early diastolic notch. The coefficient of variation, intraclass correlation coefficients, within observer and between observers repeatability coefficient and Cohen's kappa coefficient were calculated. RESULTS: The best parameter in terms of repeatability and reproducibility in both uterine arteries was the resistance index with a low coefficient of variation and high intraclass correlation coefficient. The other parameters (pulsatility index, peak systolic velocity/end-diastolic velocity ratio, peak systolic velocity and end-diastolic velocity) performed poorly with high coefficients of variation on both sides. Agreement between the repeated observations (inter- and intraobserver) with regard to the presence or absence of an early diastolic notch was good. CONCLUSION: Doppler velocimetry of uterine artery blood flow is technically feasible between 10 and 14 weeks of gestation. This study demonstrates that this technique is prone to measurement errors. Quantitatively, the resistance index appears to be the most repeatable and reproducible measurement at this gestational age. Qualitative assessment of the waveform morphology also shows high levels of intra- and interobserver agreement.     

Acute hemodynamic effects of pinacidil and hydralazine in essential hypertension

In a double-blind, randomized, crossover study, the effects of intravenous pinacidil, 0.2 mg/kg, were compared with those of hydralazine, 0.3 mg/kg, before and after beta-adrenoceptor blockade in six subjects with hypertension. Both drugs equally reduced total peripheral resistance by about 40%. Pinacidil reduced mean blood pressure by an average of 30 mm Hg, while the reduction after hydralazine was 10 mm Hg. The difference in antihypertensive effect resulted from greater increases in heart rate, cardiac contractility (systolic time intervals), and cardiac index (thermodilution) after hydralazine. These effects after hydralazine could not be fully abolished by beta-blockade, as could the effects after pinacidil. Pinacidil decreased pulmonary blood pressure, whereas there was a slight rise in pulmonary blood pressure after hydralazine. Forearm blood flow (venous occlusion strain gauge plethysmography) increased equally after both drugs; thus pinacidil decreased forearm vascular resistance more than hydralazine did. Serum concentrations of both drugs were within the therapeutic range and correlated with the fall in mean blood pressure. Five subjects complained of side effects after hydralazine, but none were reported after pinacidil. Hydralazine increased myocardial oxygen consumption (as estimated from the rate-pressure product) by 35%; there was no change after pinacidil. It is suggested that hydralazine has direct cardiostimulatory effects that limit its antihypertensive effectiveness. These effects increase myocardial oxygen consumption and may be responsible for the common and sometimes severe cardiovascular side effects of hydralazine.     

在妊娠期高血压中使用低分子肝素可以提高子宫动脉阻力指数预测子痫前期和胎儿生长受限

目的探讨在高危孕妇中短疗程的皮下注射低分子肝素是否能提高子宫动脉阻力指数预测子痫前期和胎儿生长受限。方法挑选24至26周妊娠期高血压患者96名和正常孕妇30名,治疗前和治疗2周后超声多普勒测量子宫动脉阻力指数,58例妊娠期高血压为治疗组,38例妊娠期高血压和30正常孕妇为对照组。结果低分子肝素治疗组子宫动脉阻力指数明显下降,而对照组无明显改变。然而低分子肝素引起的子宫动脉阻力指数减少只局限有正常妊娠结局的产妇,从0.64±0.01降至0.52±0.01（P〈0.05）。结论低分子肝素可以提高子宫动脉阻力指数预测子痫前期和胎儿生长受限。     

组织多普勒Tei指数评价妊娠高血压疾病胎儿右心整体功能的价值

目的通过检测胎儿右心组织多普勒Tei指数,了解妊娠高血压疾病(PIH)对胎儿右心整体功能的影响。方法 92例PIH孕妇,其中重度子痫前期组14例,轻度子痫前期组26例,妊娠高血压组52例,60例与其孕龄匹配且血压正常孕妇为对照组,应用组织多普勒检测胎儿右心室的等容收缩时间、等容舒张时间及射血时间,并计算Tei指数;于治疗后24 h和72 h监测重度子痫前期组胎儿Tei指数。结果对照组、妊娠高血压组及轻度子痫前期组的Tei指数分别为0.43±0.03、0.44±0.04、0.48±0.04,组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);重度子痫前期组Tei指数为0.59±0.05,高于对照组、妊娠高血压组及轻度子痫前期组(P0.05);重度子痫前期组胎儿治疗后24 h,Tei指数为0.54±0.05,与治疗前比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后72 h Tei指数为0.46±0.04,较治疗前减低(P0.05)。结论检测胎儿右心组织多普勒Tei指数可以定量判断其右心整体功能的改变,为临床提供治疗及预后依据。     

子宫动脉超声多普勒血流监测在妊娠期高血压疾病晚期中的应用

目的 探讨子宫动脉超声多普勒血流监测在妊娠期高血压疾病晚期中的应用价值.方法 超声检测68例妊娠期高血压疾病和47例正常妊娠孕妇(对照组)的子宫动脉血流动力学参数:收缩-舒张流速比(S/D)、阻力指数、搏动指数,比较两组子宫动脉各血流参数及妊娠结局的差异;同时将妊娠期高血压疾病阻力指数正常组与异常组的妊娠结局进行比较....     

Uteroplacental circulation in growth retardation--experiences with the clinical use of continuous-wave Doppler]

Doppler ultrasound measurement of blood flow velocity represents a non-invasive method of studying uteroplacental and feto-placental haemodynamics. Using a continuous-wave Doppler device, the blood flow velocity was examined in the uterine and arcuate arteries, as well as in the umbilical artery in 81 patients demonstrating fetal growth retardation. An increase in vessel resistance was found in the uterine and arcuate arteries in most of the patients. In addition, patients with fetal retardation showed a significantly higher rate of diastolic notching and incomplete registration of uterine and arcuate wave forms, especially in pregnancies complicated by hypertension. The implementation of the continuous-wave technique as a simple Doppler system allows differential evaluation of placental function and provides information on the nutritional supply to the fetus.     

Short-term treatment of severe hypertension of pregnancy: prospective comparison of nicardipine and labetalol

OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy and safety of nicardipine in comparison to labetalol in the initial management of severe hypertension in pregnancy. DESIGN. Randomized prospective study. SETTING: The obstetric ward of the teaching hospital of Monastir Tunisia. PATIENTS: Sixty consecutive pregnant women admitted beyond the 24th week of pregnancy with severe hypertension. INTERVENTION: Patients were randomly assigned to receive intravenously for 1 h either labetalol ( n=30) or nicardipine ( n=30). Treatment was titrated to achieve a 20% lowering of blood pressure (BP). MEASUREMENTS: Maternal BP and heart rate were measured at inclusion and repeatedly during the first hour following the drugs administration. Fetal heart rate was recorded throughout the study period. The main outcome endpoints were the success rate and the length of time needed to achieve the therapeutic goal. The rate of maternal and fetal adverse events and dose adjustments were also analyzed. RESULTS: Labetalol and nicardipine achieved the 20% lowering in BP in the same proportion (63% and 70% success rates, respectively). Overall nicardipine caused a significantly greater decrease in systolic and diastolic BP. No patient had any episode of hypotension. The length of time to achieve the BP goal was also similar (12 vs. 11 min, respectively). Both drugs were well tolerated except for a moderate tachycardia observed with the use of nicardipine. CONCLUSION: Nicardipine and labetalol are effective and safe in the initial treatment of severe hypertension of pregnancy.     

Power spectrum analysis of heart rate and blood flow velocity variability measured in the umbilical and uterine arteries in early pregnancy: a comparative study.

OBJECTIVE: To compare power spectral derived variability parameters from the fetal side of the placental circulation with those from the maternal side of the placental circulation, during early pregnancy. METHODS: Doppler velocity waveforms were obtained from both the umbilical and the uterine arteries in a study group of 40 pregnant women between 10 and 14 (n = 25) and 15 and 20 (n = 15) weeks of gestation. The coefficient of variation of both the beat-to-beat heart rate variability and the blood flow velocity variability was determined. The ratio of the integrated low-frequency components (< 0.2 Hz) and the integrated high-frequency components (> 0.2 Hz) from normalized power spectrum analysis (LH-ratio) was established, to reflect sympathovagal balance. RESULTS: The coefficient of variation and LH-ratio of fetal heart rate variability constitute only a fraction of the same maternal heart rate variability parameters. Nevertheless a highly significant increase (P < 0.001) in LH-ratio was demonstrated with advancing gestational age. The coefficient of variation and LH-ratio of blood flow velocity variability were significantly lower in the fetal umbilical artery only in the 10-14-weeks' gestation group. Due to a decrease of the maternal uterine blood flow velocity variability parameters with advancing gestational age, statistically equal fetal and maternal values for coefficient of variation and LH-ratio were found in the 15-20 weeks' gestation group. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in LH-ratio of fetal heart rate variability indicates functional development of the fetal autonomic nervous system at 15-20 weeks' gestation. The umbilical blood flow velocity variability may be secondary to maternal uterine arterial flow variability rather than due to primary changes in fetal cardiovascular function.     

Screening for pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction by uterine artery Doppler at 11-14 weeks of gestation.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the value of uterine artery Doppler at 11-14 weeks of gestation in the identification of women at risk of developing pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction. METHODS: Uterine artery Doppler was carried out at 11-14 weeks in 3324 consecutive singleton pregnancies attending for routine care in three London hospitals. The right and left uterine arteries were identified using color flow mapping and velocity waveforms were obtained using pulsed Doppler. The mean pulsatility index of the two arteries was determined and the predictive value of a mean pulsatility index > the 95th centile in the prediction of pre-eclampsia and/or fetal growth restriction was calculated. RESULTS: Satisfactory flow velocity waveforms were obtained from both uterine arteries in 3195 (96.1%) of the 3324 pregnancies examined and complete outcome information was obtained for 3045 (95.3%) of these women. The 95th centile of the uterine artery mean pulsatility index was 2.35 and did not change significantly with gestational age. The pregnancy was complicated by pre-eclampsia in 63 (2.1%) cases and by fetal growth restriction in 290 (9.5%) cases. The sensitivity of a mean pulsatility index > 2.35 for pre-eclampsia (with or without fetal growth restriction) was 27.0% but for fetal growth restriction alone it was 11.7%. The respective sensitivities for these complications requiring delivery before 32 weeks of gestation were 60.0% and 27.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Uterine artery Doppler at 11-14 weeks of gestation identifies a high proportion of women who develop severe pre-eclampsia and/or fetal growth restriction.     

Renal and uterine hemodynamics in pregnancy with chronic glomerulonephritis of the hypertonic type

AIM: To study gestational changes in renal and uterine hemodynamics and their relation to systemic and intracardiac hemodynamics in pregnant hypertensive women with chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Echocardiography, ultrasonic dopplerography of renal and uterine arteries were made in 16 pregnant women with CGN and AH syndrome in trimester II-III and 1-3 months after the delivery. Hemodynamic indices in pregnancy were compared to those after the delivery which were considered baseline. RESULTS: In CGN pregnant women with AH syndrome resistance of renal arteries did not change in pregnancy and were similar postpartum. With advancing pregnancy, the resistance of the uterine arteries diminished. The indices of the resistance in the main trunk of the renal artery correlated with volumetric cardiohemodynamic indices, heart rate and total peripheral resistance in segmental interlobular arteries. No significant correlation were found between uterine, systemic and cardiac hemodynamics though it existed between renal and uterine blood flow. CONCLUSION: Pregnancy does not affect vascular resistance of renal arteries in CGN pregnant women with AH syndrome, but contrary to pregnancy with essential hypertension in that with CGN and AH syndrome renal circulation responds to changes in systemic hemodynamics and volumetric indices of cardiohemodynamics. These findigns may reflect disturbances in autoregulation of renal circulation and additional effects on pregnancy outcome in women with CGN and AH syndrome.     

Renal and uterine hemodynamics in pregnant women with hypertension]

AIM: To study gestational alterations of renal and uterine hemodynamics, their relationships with systemic and intracardiac hemodynamics in pregnant women (PW) with essential hypertension (EH). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Echocardiography, ultrasound dopplerography of renal and uterine arteries, roll-over test were made in the course of trimester II-III and 3 months after the delivery in 48 PW with EH degree 1-2 and control 20 healthy PW. Hemodynamic parameters in pregnancy were compared to postpartum ones. The latter were supposed to be basal. RESULTS: Changes in systemic and intracardiac hemodynamics in EH and control women were in many respects similar but systolic blood pressure in EH changed insignificantly, minute volume increased owing to increased heart rate. PW with EH of the second degree have in the III trimester more frequent positive roll-over test this evidencing for high pressor reactivity of the vascular system. PW with EH showed higher speed of the blood flow in the renal arteries in unchanged resistance. With growing gestation time the resistance of the uterine arteries declined. The resistance of the main stem of the renal artery went up in enhanced cardiac contraction regardless of total peripheral vascular resistance (TPVR). Blood flow in the uterine arteries worsened in elevation of arterial pressure, TPVR, lowering of the heart rate and systolic function of the heart. Renal and uterine hemodynamics were independent. CONCLUSION: Hemodynamic changes in control and EH PW were similar in many respects but higher arterial pressure, abnormal systolic function of the left ventricle, bradycardia disturb uterine blood flow. Renal circulation was independent of systemic and intracardiac hemodynamics and is unrelated to changes in the uterine circulation.