Bak基因对Hela细胞的细胞周期和细胞凋亡的调控作用

目的 研究Ｂｃ１－２基因家族促凋亡蛋白Ｂａｋ在细胞凋亡细胞周期调控中的作用,评价它们作为肿瘤治疗的潜在靶基因的可能性。方法 采用一种可诱导性表达系统,（ＭＴ－Ⅱ调节系统）,在外加锌离子（ＺｎＳＯ４,１００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）的条件下诱导Ｂａｋ基因表达。以Ｈｅｌａ细胞系作为靶细胞,获得表达Ｂａｋ基因的稳定转染子。结果 可诱导性Ｂａｋ基因过表达的Ｈｅｌａ细胞出现广泛死亡。ＴＵＮＥＬ染色证实细胞核碎片化,提示     

细胞周期相关新基因CACUL1对培养的结直肠癌细胞凋亡的影响

目的 研究细胞周期相关新基因细胞周期素依赖激酶2相关性Culin结构域1(CACUL1)对肿瘤细胞凋亡的影响,探讨CACUL1与细胞凋亡调控的关系.方法 用紫外线及化疗药物诱导细胞周期的阻滞,研究CACUL1在细胞DNA损伤状态下表达情况;同时用p53野生型及敲除的结直肠癌细胞,应用Western blot、Northern blot等方法检测了CACUL1蛋白及mRNA表达与p53的关系.结果 与细胞凋亡的调控有关,在紫外线及化疗药物诱导的DNA损伤情况下,CACUL1蛋白的表达在2h达最高,随着时间的逐渐延长,CACUL1的表达逐渐减低,而这种表达的增高是p53非依赖性的,Northern blot结果显示CACUL1的表达增高是转录后调控机制.CACUL1的高表达能够抑制紫外线及化疗药物诱导的细胞凋亡.结论 CACUL1在细胞凋亡中的作用是以一种转录后调控的p53非依赖方式帮助细胞跨过G1/S检控点,利于细胞生存.     

RNAi沉默WT1基因对人肝癌细胞HepG2的影响

目的:探讨利用RNA干扰沉默WT1基因对人肝癌细胞HepG2细胞生长,凋亡的影响,为肝癌的基因治疗提供理论依据。方法:利用脂质体将siRNA真核表达载体转入HepG2细胞中,并检测转染效率;利用免疫细胞化学染色方法检测HepG2细胞中WT1蛋白水平的表达,测定基因沉默效果;用MTT法测定HepG2细胞生长曲线;电镜下观察细胞凋亡形态,流式细胞仪检测凋亡率。结果:利用脂质体为载体将siRNA真核表达载体转染HepG2细胞,转染率达70%以上,转染后细胞中WT1蛋白表达水平下降;RNA干扰沉默WT1基因可抑制细胞增殖,促进细胞凋亡。结论:靶向WT1的序列特异性siRNA可显著抑制WT1基因的表达;下调HepG2细胞WT1基因表达可抑制细胞增殖,促进细胞凋亡。     

siRNA沉默P21表达对细胞周期解偶联和细胞凋亡的影响

目的： 利用RNAi技术探讨P21蛋白表达对HeLa 细胞周期解耦联和细胞凋亡的影响。方法： 丝裂霉素刺激HeLa细胞后可诱导P21蛋白高表达，采用脂质体转染技术将p21 siRNA 载体转染至HeLa细胞48 h后给予MMC刺激，利用流式细胞术检测HeLa细胞的P21蛋白表达、 细胞倍体的形成和细胞凋亡的改变。结果： p21 siRNA 载体可有效干扰经MMC诱导的HeLa细胞中P21蛋白表达, MMC刺激后24 h和48 h细胞2倍体百分数明显少于对照组(P<0.01)，4倍体和8倍体细胞百分数明显多于对照组(P<0.01)。p21 siRNA沉默HeLa细胞p21后，凋亡细胞百分率明显高于空质粒对照组(P<0.01)。结论： p21 siRNA可有效沉默HeLa细胞P21蛋白表达，在P21蛋白低表达的情况下，HeLa细胞可通过p53非依赖途径诱导细胞死亡，可能与细胞周期解偶联和p53非依赖的细胞凋亡有关。     

HIV-1 Vpr对细胞周期的影响和致凋亡作用的研究

目的 研究人免疫缺陷病毒1型(HIV-1)的vpr基因和不同变异株对宿主细胞周期和凋亡的影响,以及其致细胞周期变化和致细胞凋亡机制的两者间的可能关系.方法 将14个带有不同变异位点的中国感染者HIV-1 upr片段分别连入pcDNA3.1(+)真核表达载体,构建重组质粒.将这些重组质粒电转染Jurkat细胞,并设立保守株vpr基因转染细胞、突变株vpr-Fs基因转染细胞、空载体转染细胞和未转染细胞作为对照.经G418选择培养及RT-PCR检测目的基因转染成功后,PI染色,流式细胞仪检测被转染细胞的细胞周期分布和细胞凋亡.结果 流式细胞仪检测上述14个带有不同变异位点的HIV-1 vpr基因片段的Jurkat细胞,发现转染保守片段HIV-1 vpr的Jurkat细胞,其细胞周期出现G_2期阻滞和细胞凋亡率明显升高,但转染vpr C端截断的vpr-Fs片段的细胞、空载体peDNA3.1(+)转染细胞和未转染的Jurkat细胞无此现象.转染了,HIV-1 vpr基因序列相对应的Vpr蛋白中含有70V、85P、86G、94G突变的片段,较vpr保守片段其致感染细胞G_2期阻滞和凋亡的能力明显下降,且Vpr蛋白的AE亚型致细胞周期阻滞和致凋亡能力较其他亚型普遍为低.初步发现vpr诱导G2期阻滞百分比越高其所致凋亡率越高.结论 HIV-I vpr基因有明显的致感染细胞G_2周期阻滞和致细胞凋亡的作用,但vpr C端截断的vpr-Fs片段无此功能.首次发现中国感染者HIV-1 vpr基因表达蛋白的70V、85P、86G、94G位点突变能使其致感染细胞G_2期阻滞和凋亡的能力下降,Vpr的AE亚型致细胞周期阻滞和凋亡能力较其他亚型普遍为低.对14个变异片段的分析显示vpr诱导G_2期阻滞的程度与其致凋亡水平可能相关,提示两者的发生机制可能有一定的关联.本研究为进一步探讨HIV-1致病机制和探索可能的基因干预措施打下基础.     

hPOT1基因过表达对HeLa细胞细胞周期和凋亡的影响

目的观察人POT1(protection of telomeres1)基因过表达对HeLa细胞细胞周期和细胞凋亡的影响。方法利用本课题组构建的hPOTl基因真核表达重组质粒pcDNA3-hPOT1,经脂质体介导瞬时转染HeLa细胞;通过RT-PCR和EMSA法(电泳迁移率改变分析)检测外源基因的表达效果,流式细胞术分析细胞周期,Hoechst33342荧光染色检测细胞凋亡。结果pcDNA3-hPOT1重组质粒转染HeLa细胞48h后,mRNA和蛋白质分析表明,外源性hPOT1基因能在HeLa细胞中有效表达,HeLa细胞阻滞于细胞周期s期,而对凋亡无明显影响。结论hPOT1基因可能参与了高等真核细胞细胞周期调控过程,但与细胞凋亡无密切关系。     

沉默JAG1基因对人乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

 目的:探究沉默Jagged 1 (JAG1)基因对人乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及其分子生物学机制。方法:
用已构建的pRS-JAG1重组质粒转染人乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞, 采用Western blotting方法检测重组质粒对JAG1蛋白表达的影响;MTT比色法测定沉默JAG1对细胞生长的抑制情况;流式细胞术检测细胞周期和细胞凋亡;蛋白印记分析细胞周期蛋白1(cyclin D1)、p21CIP1/WAF1、p27KIP1、p-Rb、Bcl-2、Bax、Bcl-xL和cleaved caspase-3蛋白水平的变化。结果:Western blotting结果证实重组质粒可在72h内有效抑制JAG1蛋白表达;人乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞JAG1被沉默后,细胞的生长速度明显减慢,细胞明显阻滞于G 0/G 1期,细胞凋亡率显著升高(P<0.05),cyclin D1、p-Rb、Bcl-2和Bcl-xL蛋白水平被下调(P<0.05),而p21CIP1/WAF1、p27KIP1、Bax和cleaved caspase-3的蛋白水平显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:沉默JAG1可有效抑制人乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞增殖,并诱导其凋亡。本研究为以JAG1为分子靶点的三阴乳腺癌治疗提供实验依据。     

p53和细胞周期G_1停滞及细胞凋亡

本文综述了有关ｐ５３介导细胞周期Ｃ１停滞和ｐ５３介导细胞凋亡研究的最新进展。作为细胞转录调节因子，细胞ＤＮＡ受损甚至未受报时，ｐ５３或者主要通过影响其调控基因ｐ２１／Ｗａｌｆｌ／Ｃｉｐｌ、ｍｄｍ－２、ＣＡＤＤ４５等的表达介导细胞Ｃ１停滞，以利于受损ＤＮＡ的修复。或者主要通过影响其调控基因ｂｃｌ－２、ｂａｘ等的表达，以及Ｆａｓ／ＡＰＯ－１的表达，甚至通过ｐ５３自身的作用，介导细胞凋亡，除去ＤＮＡ受损或碱基受损细胞，以防癌变和遗传性状改变。     

赫赛汀诱导乳腺癌细胞凋亡及对其细胞周期的影响

目的研究免疫靶向治疗药物赫赛汀(Herceptin)对HER-2过表达的乳腺癌细胞凋亡及细胞周期的影响。方法Herceptin处理体外培养的乳腺癌SKBR3细胞系,经MTT试验筛选最佳药物处理浓度和时间的组合,应用荧光显微镜、激光共聚焦显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜及流式细胞仪检测乳腺癌细胞凋亡的特征、凋亡细胞百分率及细胞周期的变化。结果在Herceptin作用下,荧光显微镜、激光共聚焦显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜观察SKBR3细胞均出现凋亡特征。Annexin/PI染色流式仪测定,药物处理组早期凋亡百分率较对照组显著增加(P<0.01)。流式仪细胞周期分析显示,S期细胞含量下降,而G2期细胞含量上升。结论免疫靶向治疗药物Herceptin可特异性地诱导HER-2过表达的乳腺癌细胞发生凋亡,并可使其生长受阻于G2期。诱导凋亡可能是Herceptin抗肿瘤作用的重要机制之一。     

RNAi沉默Beclin 1基因对维生素K3损伤人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721的影响

目的： 探讨应用RNAi技术沉默Beclin 1基因对维生素 (vitamin K3,Vit K3)引起的人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞损伤的影响。方法: 应用真核细胞转染技术将Psilencer 3.1-siRNA-Beclin 1重组质粒转入人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞,同时分别设立转染空质粒阴性对照组和转染试剂阴性对照。于48 h后收集细胞,分别提取细胞总RNA及总蛋白,通过RT-PCR和Western blotting检测Beclin 1基因表达。应用40 μmol/L Vit K3作用Beclin 1-siRNA细胞株,Hoechst 33342染色检测细胞凋亡率。结果: 与对照组相比,siRNA重组质粒明显降低Beclin 1 mRNA水平,抑制其蛋白表达。40 μmol/L Vit K3作用人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞Beclin 1 mRNA表达明显高于对照组,细胞凋亡率增加(P<0.01）;而Beclin 1-siRNA细胞株,Beclin 1 mRNA表达显著低于对照组,与40 μmol/L Vit K3作用组相比细胞凋亡率显著增加(P<0.01)。结论: Psilencer 3.1-siRNA-Beclin 1转染人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞后,可有效抑制Beclin-1 mRNA和蛋白的表达,抑制Vit K3引起的Beclin 1依赖性细胞自噬信号通路的激活,促进细胞凋亡。     

横纹肌肉瘤中HMGA1和HMGA2的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨高迁移率蛋白A1(HMGA1)和高迁移率蛋白A2(HMGA2)在横纹肌肉瘤(rhabdomyosarcoma,RMS)中的表达特点及其与临床病理参数、细胞增殖的关系.方法 应用免疫组化法分别检测39例RMS和10例正常横纹肌组织中HMGA1、HMGA2和Ki-67蛋白表达水平;原位杂交法分别检测39例RMS中HMGA1和HMGA2基因mRNA的表达.结果 HMGA1和HMGA2在RMS中的蛋白阳性表达率分别为76.9%(30/39)和64.1%(25/39),表达水平分别高于正常横纹肌组织(P<0.05);mRNA阳性表达率分别为69.2%(27/39)和66.7%(26/39),表达水平分别高于正常横纹肌组织(P<0.05).HMGA1、HMGA2在蛋白水平的表达与其各自的mRNA水平表达之间具有较好一致性.两者分别在胚胎型(ERMS)和腺泡型(ARMS)中的表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而在不同分化程度之间的表达差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在有复发或转移的病例与无复发或转移的病例中表达差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在Ki-67阳性的高增殖组与Ki-67阴性的低增殖组之间的表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 HMGA1和HMGA2过表达可能与RMS的发生、发展密切相关,有望成为判断该肿瘤预后的指标之一,并为靶向治疗提供依据.     

Mast cells impair melanoma cell homing and metastasis by inhibiting HMGA1 secretion

Metastatic disease is the major cause of death from cancer. From the primary tumour, cells remotely prepare the environment of the future metastatic sites by secreted factors and extracellular vesicles. During this process, known as pre-metastatic niche formation, immune cells play a crucial role. Mast cells are haematopoietic bone marrow-derived innate immune cells whose function in lung immune response to invading tumours remains to be defined. We found reduced melanoma lung metastasis in mast cell-deficient mouse models (Wsh and MCTP5-Cre-RDTR), supporting a pro-metastatic role for mast cells in vivo. However, due to evidence pointing to their antitumorigenic role, we studied the impact of mast cells in melanoma cell function in vitro. Surprisingly, in vitro co-culture of bone-marrow-derived mast cells with melanoma cells showed that they have an intrinsic anti-metastatic activity. Mass spectrometry analysis of melanoma-mast cell co-cultures secretome showed that HMGA1 secretion by melanoma cells was significantly impaired. Consistently, HMGA1 knockdown in B16-F10 cells reduced their metastatic capacity in vivo. Importantly, analysis of HMGA1 expression in human melanoma tumours showed that metastatic tumours with high HMGA1 expression are associated with reduced overall and disease-free survival. Moreover, we show that HMGA1 is reduced in the nuclei and enriched in the cytoplasm of melanoma metastatic lesions when compared to primary tumours. These data suggest that high HMGA1 expression and secretion from melanoma cells promote metastatic behaviour. Targeting HMGA1 expression intrinsically or extrinsically by mast cells actions reduce melanoma metastasis. Our results pave the way to the use of HMGA1 as anti-metastatic target in melanoma as previously suggested in other cancer types.     

Effects of lentiviral-mediated Foxp1 and Foxq1 RNAi on the hepatocarcinoma cell

Foxp1 and Foxq1 are two multifunctional molecules of “forkhead box (Fox)” family. The objective of this paper was to construct the lentiviral vectors expressing RNA interference (RNAi) against Foxp1 or Foxq1 genes, and the effects of both vectors with two RNAis on the proliferation, migration and apoptosis of 7721 hepatocarcinoma cell line were evaluated. Six target sequences against human Foxp1/Foxq1 mRNA were designed respectively and six pairs of their corresponding double-strand DNA oligo (siRNA) were synthesized prior to being transfected into 7721 cells with lipo2000, then a most efficient siRNA were selected to be subcloned into pLL3.7-GFP/Lenti plasmids. These plasmids were transfected into 293T cells to package lentiviral particles for subsequent transfection into 7721 cells after their sequences were confirmed. The expression of Foxp1and Foxq1 genes in the transfected cells were identified by real-time PCR. The migration, infiltration, viability and apoptosis of the transfected cells were assessed by wound healing assay, Transwell assay, CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry. Sequencing results showed that lentiviral vectors contained Foxp1 or Foxq1 gene. After being transfected into 7721 cells, Foxp1 and Foxq1 expression were significantly down-regulated by siRNA-823 and siRNA-834. The migration and infiltration ability, and the viability of 7721 cells transfected with two siRNAs were significantly suppressed; flow cytometry assay exhibited the apoptosis rate of transfected 7721 cells with the lentivirus RNAi vector of Foxp1 or Foxq1 was increased. All the results showed that the lentivirus RNAi vectors of Foxp1 and Foxq1 were able to inhibit the expression of Foxp1 and Foxq1 in 7721 cells efficiently, and the down-regulation of either Foxp1 or Foxq1 resulted in suppression of migration, infiltration and viability of 7721 cells and an increase in cell apoptosis. Our data indicated that both Foxp1 and Foxq1 genes played an oncogenic role in hepatocarcinoma cells, which proposed the two genes as new therapeutic targets for the cancer.     

RNA干扰沉默Aurora A基因表达对胶质瘤细胞增殖及凋亡的影响

目的 探讨RNA干扰技术抑制人胶质瘤U251细胞中Aurora A基因的表达,研究其对U251细胞增殖及凋亡的影响。 方法 设计并合成特异性针对Aurora A基因的siRNA,转染至U251细胞中,采用RT-PCR和Western blotting检测Aurora A mRNA和蛋白的表达情况,同时利用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)实验和流式细胞仪观察转染后U251细胞增殖抑制率和细胞凋亡,透射电镜观察细胞凋亡超微结构改变。 结果 转染Aurora A siRNA后,U251细胞Aurora A mRNA表达受到抑制(P<0.01),蛋白表达水平降低;U251细胞增殖的抑制率和细胞凋亡率显著增高 (P<0.01),且U251细胞发生了显著的凋亡形态改变。 结论 体外合成的针对Aurora A基因的特异性siRNA成功地抑制了U251细胞中Aurora A基因的表达,并能抑制胶质瘤细胞增殖、促进凋亡,提示Aurora A可能成为胶质瘤基因治疗的新靶点。     

Effects of STAT3 gene silencing and rapamycin on apoptosis in hepatocarcinoma cells

The PI3K/Akt/mTOR and JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways are important for regulating apoptosis, and are frequently activated in cancers. In this study, we targeted STAT3 and mTOR in human hepatocellular carcinoma Bel-7402 cells and examined the subsequent alterations in cellular apoptosis. The expression of STAT3 was silenced with small interfering RNA (siRNA)-expressing plasmid. The activity of mTOR was inhibited using rapamycin. Following treatment, Annexin V/propidium iodide staining followed by flow cytometry and Hoechst33258 immunofluorescence staining was used to examine cellular apoptosis. JC-1 staining was used to monitor depolarization of mitochondrial membrane (ΔΨm). Furthermore, the expression of activated caspase 3 protein was analyzed by Western blotting. Compared to non-treated or control siRNA-transfected cells, significantly higher levels of apoptosis were detected in siSTAT3-transfected or rapamycin-treated cells (P < 0.05), which was further enhanced in cells targeted for both molecules (P < 0.05). The pro-apoptotic effects were accompanied with concomitant depolarization of mitochondrial membrane and up-regulation of activated caspase 3. Combined treatments using rapamycin and STAT3 gene silencing significantly increases apoptosis in Bel-7402 cells, displaying more dramatic effect than any single treatment. This study provides evidence for targeting multiple molecules in cancer therapy.     

Increased expression of HMGA1 correlates with tumour invasiveness and proliferation in human pituitary adenomas

Wang E L, Qian Z R, Rahman M M, Yoshimoto K, Yamada S, Kudo E & Sano T
(2010) Histopathology 56, 501–509 Increased expression of HMGA1 correlates with tumour invasiveness and proliferation in human pituitary adenomas Aims: High‐mobility group A1 (HMGA1) is highly expressed in various benign and malignant tumours. The development of pituitary adenoma in Hmga1 transgenic mice has been reported. However, no studies have investigated HMGA1 expression and its clinical significance in human pituitary adenomas. Methods and results: Immunohistochemical expression of HMGA1 was analysed with respect to various clinicopathological factors in 95 pituitary adenomas. Nuclear expression of HMGA1 was observed in 62% of pituitary adenomas, whereas normal adenohypophysial tissues were negative. Although HMGA1 expression was frequently detected in clinically non‐functioning adenomas – 90% of silent adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), 76.2% of follicle‐stimulating hormone/luteinizing hormone and 100% of null cell adenomas – it was also detected in 48.1% of growth hormone (GH), 60% of mixed GH/prolactin (PRL), 62.5% of PRL, 66.6% of thyroid‐stimulating hormone and 37.5% of ACTH adenomas. HMGA1 expression was significantly higher in invasive adenomas or macroadenomas than in non‐invasive adenomas or microadenomas (invasive versus non‐invasive, P < 0.05; macroadenoma versus microadenoma, P < 0.05). In addition, HMGA1 showed the highest level in grade IV, more aggressive pituitary adenomas, than in grades I, II and III (IV versus I, P = 0.01; IV versus II, P = 0.01; IV versus III, P = 0.07). Furthermore, a significant correlation between HMGA1 expression and MIB‐1 labelling index was observed (R = 0.368, P < 0.0002). Conclusions: These findings suggest that HMGA1 up‐regulation has an important oncogenic role in pituitary tumorigenesis, as well as being a novel molecular marker of tumour proliferation and invasiveness.     

人树突状细胞SOCS1基因RNA干扰慢病毒载体的构建及鉴定

目的构建人树突状细胞（hDCs）信号传导通路抑制因子1（SOCS1）基因RNA干扰（RNAi）慢病毒载体。方法根据人树突状细胞SOCS1基因（NM-0037）,筛选出一个靶序列,设计并合成包含正反义靶序列的互补单链寡核苷酸,与经BamH和Xho酶切后的慢病毒载体质粒pRNA-Lenti-增强型绿色荧光蛋白（EGFP）（含U6启动子和EGFP）连接产生pRNA-Lenti-SOCS1-EGFP慢病毒重组质粒,与慢病毒包装混合物共转染293T细胞,包装产生慢病毒,收集病毒上清,采取系列稀释法测定慢病毒滴度。然后转染hDCs,通过荧光显微镜观察细胞转染情况,利用荧光实时定量PCR和Westernblot检测干扰组、阴性对照组、空白对照组SOCS1的表达情况。结果将目的序列成功连接到载体上,并经测序分析证实载体构建成功。荧光实时定量PCR及Westernblot检测显示慢病毒重组质粒感染hDCs后,与空白对照组及阴性对照组比较,siRNA组mRNA和SOCS1蛋白的表达量显著降低,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论构建的pRNA-Lenti-SOCS1-EGFP慢病毒载体可有效地抑制hDCs的SOCS1的表达,为进一步研究DCs增强抗肿瘤免疫应答效应奠定基础。