癫痫发作过程中血清PRL水平的变化

利用ＲＩＡ法测定了６４例癫痫患者癫痫发作前后血清ＰＲＬ的浓度，并用皮层ＥＥＧ、ＰＥＴ、ＭＲＩ、ＳＰＥＣＴ等检查进行癫痫灶定位。结果表明，癫痫发作前后ＰＲＬ水平有明显差异。发作后，９２．２％的病人血清ＰＲＬ水平增高。     

脑功能成像分析软件(AFNI)的使用介绍

０引言随着科学技术的发展,人们现在可以对大脑进行无损的结构和功能成像,其中主要包括计算机断层扫描（ＣＴ）、磁共振成像（ＭＲＩ）等结构成像方法;脑电图（ＥＥＧ）、单光子发射断层扫描（ＳＰＥＣＴ）、正电子断层扫描（ＰＥＴ）、功能磁共振成像（ＦＭＲＩ）、脑...     

A COMPUTERIZED SYSTEM FOR ANALYSING CHAOTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF HEART PERIOD SIGNAL

ＡＣＯＭＰＵＴＥＲＩＺＥＤＳＹＳＴＥＭＦＯＲＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＮＧＣＨＡＯＴＩＣＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＩＳＴＩＣＳＯＦＨＥＡＲＴＰＥＲＩＯＤＳＩＧＮＡＬＡＣＯＭＰＵＴＥＲＩＺＥＤＳＹＳＴＥＭＦＯＲＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＮＧＣＨＡＯＴＩＣＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＩＳＴＩＣＳ...     

癫痫发作对生长激素分泌的影响

利用ＲＩＡ法测定了经皮层ＥＥＧ，ＰＥＧ，ＳＰＥＣＴ，ＭＲＩ等检查定位明确的８例癫痫患者的基础ＧＨ水平和癫痫发作后血清ＧＨ水平。结果发现，癫痫患者基础ＧＨ水平明显低于正常对照。发作后ＧＨ水平明显升高，发作后３０ｍｉｎ。６４．７％的病例ＧＨ分泌达到峰值，约为发作前基础水平的４倍。     

癫痫发作前后血清皮质醇水平的变化

利用ＲＩＡ法测定经皮层ＥＥＧ、ＰＥＴ、ＳＰＥＣＴ、ＭＲＩ、ＣＴ等检查而定位明确的６４例癫痫患者痫痫发作前后血清皮质醇水平。结果表明,癫痫病人血清基础皮质醇水平明显低于正常人。癫痫发作后９２．２％的病人血清中皮质醇水平升高,４０．６％的病人发作后１５分钟皮质醇水平达到峰值,失神经发作后血清皮质醇水平不增加或增加不明显,而强－阵挛性,复杂部分性发作后皮质醇水平明显升高。然而发作后血清皮质醇水平的变化与     

COMPARISON OF BREAST MASS SIZE ON ULTRASONOGRAPHY,CUT-SURFACE OF RESECTED SPECIMEN,AND PALPATION

ＣＯＭＰＡＲＩＳＯＮＯＦＢＲＥＡＳＴＭＡＳＳＳＩＺＥＯＮＵＬＴＲＡＳＯＮＯＧＲＡＰＨＹ，ＣＵＴ－ＳＵＲＦＡＣＥＯＦＲＥＳＥＣＴＥＤＳＰＥＣＩＭＥＮ，ＡＮＤＰＡＬＰＡＴＩＯＮＣＯＭＰＡＲＩＳＯＮＯＦＢＲＥＡＳＴＭＡＳＳＳＩＺＥＯＮＵＬＴＲＡＳＯＮＯＧＲ...     

急性一氧化碳中毒后迟发性脑病的诱发电位、CT和脑电图研究

目的：研究急性一氧化碳中毒后迟发性脑病（ＤＥＡＣＭＰ）患者的诱发电位（ＥＰ）、ＣＴ和脑电图（ＥＥＧ）。方法：对４６例ＤＥＡＣＭＰ患者进行ＥＰ、ＣＴ和ＥＥＧ检查。结果：异常率体感诱发电位（ＳＥＰ）８３％、视觉诱发电位（ＶＥＰ）６３％，脑干听觉诱发电位（ＢＡＥＰ）３０％，ＣＴ７１％，ＥＥＧ１００％。ＳＥＰ中的Ｐ４０、Ｎ５０、Ｐ６０和Ｎ７５峰潜伏期（ＰＬ）比正常对照组显著延长。ＶＥＰ的Ｐ１００ＰＬ较对照组明显延长。ＢＡＥＰ的Ⅰ、Ⅲ和Ⅴ波ＰＬ及Ⅰ—Ⅲ、Ⅲ—Ⅴ和Ⅰ—Ⅴ峰间期（ＩＰＬ）与对照组比较无显著性差异。结论：ＥＰ、ＣＴ和ＥＥＧ结合临床观察，对ＤＥＡＣＭＰ的定位诊断、病情判断与预后评估均有意义。     

EFFECTS OF PULSE MAGNETIC FIELD ON CHANGES OF RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTY

ＥＦＦＥＣＴＳＯＦＰＵＬＳＥＭＡＧＮＥＴＩＣＦＩＥＬＤＯＮＣＨＡＮＧＥＳＯＦＲＨＥＯＬＯＧＩＣＡＬＰＲＯＰＥＲＴＹＥＦＦＥＣＴＳＯＦＰＵＬＳＥＭＡＧＮＥＴＩＣＦＩＥＬＤＯＮＣＨＡＮＧＥＳＯＦＲＨＥＯＬＯＧＩＣＡＬＰＲＯＰＥＲＴＹＷａｎｇＴｉａｎｙｏｕ...     

脑电图与PET对癎灶定位一致性研究

目的：探讨正电子发射断层扫描（ＰＥＴ） 葡萄糖代谢功能显像在癫癎灶定位诊断中的价值及其与脑电图（ＥＥＧ） 对癫癎灶定位的一致性。方法：５２０ 例ＭＲ 检查正常的癫癎病人,经动态脑电图（ＡＥＥＧ） 和ＰＥＴ检查定位,比较两者的一致性。结果：ＰＥＴ 定位的阳性率为９４－６ ％ ,ＡＥＥＧ 为５４ ％ ,除外ＥＥＧ 定位阴性的２３９ 例,二种定位检查结果完全一致４７－７ ％ （１３４／２８１） ,部分一致占２３－１ ％ （６５／２８１） ,完全不一致者占２９－２ ％ （８２／２８１） 。４ 例皮质脑电图（ＥＣｏＧ） 证实局灶性癫癎样放电与ＰＥＴ 检出的葡萄糖代谢减低区完全一致。结论：ＰＥＴ 是诊断癫癎灶灵敏而有效的方法,对癫癎病灶的定位价值优于ＥＥＧ、ＭＲ、ＣＴ和ＳＰＥＣＴ。     

特种石墨材料的抑菌作用研究

特种石墨材料的抑菌作用研究曹乃珍沈万慈温诗铸刘英杰（清华大学，北京１０００８４）ＴＨＥＡＮＴＩ┐ＢＡＣＴＥＲＩＡＥＦＦＥＣＴＯＦＡＳＰＥＣＩＡＬＧＲＡＰＨＩＴＥＭＡＴＥＲＩＡＬＣａｏＮａｉｚｈｅｎ，ＳｈｅｎＷａｎｃｉ，ＷｅｎＳｈｉｚｈｕ，ＬｉｕＹｉｎ...     

Diagnostic value of SPECT, PET and PET/CT in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease: A systematic review

Purpose:

The purpose of the study was to investigate the diagnostic value of SPECT, PET and PET/CT in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease, based on a systematic review.

Material and Methods:

A search of PubMed/Medline and Sciencedirect databases in the English-language literature published over the last 24 years was performed. Only studies with at least 10 patients comparing SPECT, PET or combined PET/CT with invasive coronary angiography in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (50% stenosis) were included for analysis. Sensitivities and specificities estimates pooled across studies were analysed using a Chi-square test.

Results:

Twenty-five studies met the selection criteria and were included for the analysis. Ten studies were performed with SPECT alone; while another six studies were performed with PET alone. Five studies were carried out with both PET and SPECT modalities, and the remaining four studies were investigated with integrated PET-CT. The mean value of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of these imaging modalities for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease was 82% (95%CI: 76 to 88), 76% (95%CI: 70 to 82) and 83% (95%CI: 77 to 89) for SPECT; 91% (95%CI: 85 to 97), 89% (95%CI: 83 to 95) and 89% (95%CI: 83 to 95) for PET; and 85% (95%CI: 79 to 90), 83% (95%CI: 77 to 89) and 88% (95%CI: 82 to 94) for PET/CT, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of these imaging modalities was dependent on the radiotracers used in these studies, with ammonia resulting in the highest diagnostic value.

Conclusion:

Our review shows that PET has high diagnostic value for diagnosing coronary artery disease, and this indicates that it is a valuable technique for both detection and prediction of coronary artery disease.     

影像学评价大鼠胶质瘤及其微环境的研究进展

胶质瘤动物模型的建立对了解肿瘤的发生、发展及转归发挥着不可或缺的作用,而影像学作为一种无创手段,不仅可以对肿瘤进行宏观显像,而且可以对肿瘤微观结构及微环境改变进行定性定量评估。本文就影像学在评估大鼠胶质瘤肿瘤血管生成与抗血管生成、肿瘤乏氧状态、肿瘤微观结构及治疗后改变的研究现状进行综述,并归纳了不同成像方式的参数与肿瘤病理组织之间的相关性,总结了不同成像方式的优势,为影像学在胶质瘤诊治中的应用提供原理支持,同时为临床诊治胶质瘤提供新思路。     

Paget's disease of the breast: clinical, imaging and pathologic findings: a review of 16 patients

Objectives:

To determine the clinical, imaging and pathological findings of Paget’s disease of the breast.

Materials and methods:

Approval by Institutional Review Board was granted and informed consent was waived. Retrospective review of the pathological diagnosis of 2,361 women with breast carcinoma between January 2004 and April 2010 revealed 27 patients with Paget’s disease of the breast. The clinical, mammographic and ultrasonographic images were retrospectively reviewed.

Results:

The prevalence of Paget’s disease of the breast was 1.14% of all breast carcinoma at this institution. Of the 27 patients with Paget’s disease, only 16 had imaging studies and this group constituted the basis of this study. All 16 patients were women, with ages ranging from 36–68 years (mean age 50.31 years). Eleven patients presented with clinical findings suggestive of Paget’s disease of the breast. Seven of these 11 patients also had associated palpable mass(es). Four patients presented with a palpable mass alone and one presented with bloody nipple discharge alone. Mammography was performed in all 16 patients and ultrasonography (US) in 15 patients. Of the 16 mammographic studies, two were negative. Of the 15 US studies, three were negative. Of these three negative US studies, two also had negative mammography and one had pleomorphic microcalcifications on mammogram. US was helpful in detecting multifocality in two patients. Mammography was 100% positive in patients who presented with palpable breast mass(es) and bloody nipple discharge, but 50% positive in patients who had clinically suggestive Paget’s disease alone. Almost all patients (15/16) had underlying breast malignancies. Seven patients had multifocality or multicentricity. Modified radical mastectomy was performed in 13 patients, simple mastectomy in two, and wide local excision in one patient. Pathological findings were ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) (n = 3), invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) (n = 10), metaplastic carcinoma (n = 1), invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) (n = 1), and only Paget’s disease of the nipple without underlying breast carcinoma (n = 1).

Conclusion:

Patients with Paget’s disease of the breast have a high incidence of an underlying breast carcinoma. Most of the patients in this study presented late and were more likely to have positive mammograms. Mammography should be performed to identify the underlying breast carcinoma. Those who have only nipple areolar changes and no palpable mass have less positive mammography and less invasive carcinoma.     

Cerebral activation during bicycle movements in man

The cerebral activation during bicycle movements was investigated by oxygen-15-labelled H2O positron emission tomography (PET) in seven healthy human subjects. Compared to rest active bicycling significantly activated sites bilaterally in the primary sensory cortex, primary motor cortex (M1) and supplementary motor cortex (SMA) as well as the anterior part of cerebellum. Comparing passive bicycling movements with rest, an almost equal activation was observed. Subtracting passive from active bicycle movements, significant activation was only observed in the leg area of the primary motor cortex and the precuneus, but not in the primary sensory cortex (S1). The M1 activation was positively correlated (alpha=0.75-0.85, t=6.4, P<10(-5)) with the rate of the active bicycle movements. Imagination of bicycle movements compared to rest activated bilaterally sites in the SMA. It is suggested that the higher motor centres, including the primary and supplementary motor cortices as well as the cerebellum, take an active part in the generation and control of rhythmic motor tasks such as bicycling.     

Retrospective analysis of radiation load during examination of cancer patients by 68Ga-DOTATOC and 18F-FDG positron emission tomography

We present retrospective analysis of the results of examinations of 1338 cancer patients by ⁶⁸Ga-DOTATOC and ¹⁸F-FDG positron emission and computer-aided tomography. It was shown that complex devices for positron emission and computer-aided tomography provide more informative data than individual methods. The protocol for examination by methods of positron emission and computer-aided tomography in each case is determined by clinical requirements and risk of extra exposure of the patient. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 145, No. 5, pp. 565–567, May, 2008     

Changes in brain activation associated with reward processing in smokers and nonsmokers

Tobacco smoking is the most frequent form of substance abuse. Several studies have shown that the addictive action of nicotine is mediated by the mesolimbic dopamine system. This system is implicated in reward processing. In order to better understand the relationship between nicotine addiction and reward in humans, we investigated differences between smokers and nonsmokers in the activation of brain regions involved in processing reward information. Using [H₂ ¹⁵O] positron emission tomography (PET), we measured regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in healthy smokers and nonsmokers while they performed a prelearned, pattern-recognition task. We compared two conditions involving nonmonetary reinforcement or monetary reward with a baseline condition in which nonsense feedback was presented. With monetary reward, we found activation in the frontal and orbitofrontal cortex, occipital cortex, cingulate gyrus, cerebellum, and midbrain in both groups. Additionally, monetary reward activated typical dopaminergic regions such as the striatum in nonsmokers but not in smokers. We found a similar pattern of activation associated with nonmonetary reinforcement in nonsmokers, whereas activation was found in smokers only in the cerebellum. The different patterns of activation suggest that the brains of smokers react in a different way to reward than those of nonsmokers. This difference involves in particular the regions of the dopaminergic system including the striatum. In principle these observations could be interpreted either as a consequence of tobacco use or as a primitive condition of the brain that led people to smoke. Supported by related nonimaging studies, we interpret these differences as a consequence of tobacco smoking, even if a short-term effect of smoking prior to the experiment cannot be excluded. Electronic Publication     

Frontal metabolic activity contributes to individual differences in vulnerability toward total sleep deprivation‐induced changes in cognitive function

Substantial individual differences characterize the changes induced by total sleep deprivation on cognitive functions. Despite some progress having been achieved, the mechanisms of individual differences in response to total sleep deprivation have not been clearly elucidated. Cerebral metabolism in the resting state is among the key physiological processes supporting the daily function of the brain, and may play an important role in these individual differences. Twenty‐two right‐handed participants (nine females and 13 males) between 20 and 26 years old completed a mathematical processing task both in resting wakefulness and after 24 h of total sleep deprivation. Fluorine‐18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography‐computed tomography was used to investigate brain metabolism changes. The mathematical task was performed after the positron emission tomography scans were completed. Correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlations between cognitive performance changes and brain metabolism changes. Large inter‐individual differences were found in the throughput changes, but these inter‐individual differences were not associated with baseline or post‐deprivation performance levels. Specifically, deterioration of throughput on the mathematical processing task was significantly correlated with metabolism changes in the superior frontal medial gyrus. These findings suggested that frontal metabolic activity contributes to individual differences in waking‐induced impairment of cognitive performance.     

Positron emission tomography alone,positron emission tomography-computed tomography and computed tomography in diagnosing recurrent cervical carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction

The aim of the study was to assess systematically the accuracies of positron emission tomography (PET), PET/computed tomography (CT), and CT in diagnosing recurrent cervical cancer.

Material and methods

We searched for articles published from January 1980 to June 2013 using the following inclusion criteria: articles were reported in English; the use of PET, interpreted with or without the use of CT; use of CT to detect recurrent cervical cancer; and histopathologic analysis and/or close clinical and imaging follow-up for at least 6 months. We extracted data to calculate sensitivity, specificity, summary receiver operating characteristic curves, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) as well as test for heterogeneity.

Results

In 23 included studies, PET had the highest pooled specificity at 92% (95% CI: 90–94), whereas PET/CT had the highest pooled sensitivity at 94% (95% CI: 90–97). The area under the curve (AUC) of PET alone, PET/CT, and CT were 0.9594, 0.9508, and 0.9363, respectively. Results of the pairwise comparison between each modality show that the specificity of PET was higher than that of PET/CT (p < 0.05). The difference in the pooled sensitivities and AUC of PET alone and PET/CT showed no statistical significance. No evidence of publication bias was found. However, evidence of heterogeneity was observed.

Conclusions

The PET/CT may be a useful supplement to current surveillance techniques, particularly for patients with negative CT imaging. However, in terms of diagnostic accuracy, interpreted CT images may have limited additional value to PET in detecting recurrent cervical cancer.     

SPECT对发作期小儿癫痫诊断价值分析

目的评价单光子发射型计算机断层扫描脑血流灌注显像对发作期小儿癫痫的诊断价值。方法对38例发作期癫痫患儿行单光子发射型计算机断层扫描检查,并同时行CT检查,把二者结果进行比较。结果单光子发射型计算机断层扫描阳性率为84.2%(32/38),CT阳性率为36.8%(14/38)。两者比较有显著性差异。结论发作期单光子发射型计算机断层扫描显像是诊断小儿癫痫灵敏而有效的方法,对小儿癫痫诊断有重要价值。