艾塞那肽联合二甲双胍治疗口服降糖药控制不佳的超重或肥胖2型糖尿病患者临床疗效观察

目的:探讨艾塞那肽联合二甲双胍治疗口服降糖药控制不佳的超重或肥胖2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者的临床疗效。方法:选择口服降糖药后血糖控制不佳的超重或肥胖T2DM患者24例,予艾塞那肽联合二甲双胍治疗,比较治疗前后体重、腰围、血压、BMI、血脂、血糖控制及胰岛素分泌指数(HOMA-%B)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)的变化。结果:治疗后患者体重、BMI、腰围、SBP、DBP、FBG、2h PBG、TC、TG、Hb A1c、HOMA-IR较治疗前均显著降低,而空腹C肽及HOMA-%B较治疗前升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);胃肠道反应为最常见的不良反应,且无严重低血糖反应。结论:艾塞那肽联合二甲双胍治疗口服降糖药控制不佳的超重或肥胖T2DM患者,可有效控血糖,降低体重,改善血脂代谢及β细胞功能和减轻胰岛素抵抗,且低血糖反应发生率低,是一种安全有效的理想治疗方案。     

艾塞那肽联合甘精胰岛素治疗肥胖2型糖尿病临床观察

目的探讨短期艾塞那肽联合甘精胰岛素治疗新诊断肥胖2型糖尿病(T2DM)的临床疗效。方法对30例新诊断但未治疗的肥胖T2DM患者给予艾塞那肽联合甘精胰岛素治疗24周,采用自身前后对照的方法,观察患者血糖、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)、C肽、血压、血脂及体重指数(BMI)等指标的变化情况。结果治疗后空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2h血糖(2hPG)、HbAlc、BMI、收缩压(SBP)、甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)水平均显著下降,而空腹C肽(F-CP)、2hC肽(2h-CP)明显高于治疗前(P<0.01)。结论艾塞那肽联合甘精胰岛素可有效控制新诊断肥胖T2DM患者的血糖水平,改善胰岛β细胞功能,降低体重。     

西格列汀二甲双胍对不同体重指数初诊2型糖尿病胰岛α细胞胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的:观察西格列汀二甲双胍对不同体重指数初诊2型糖尿病(T2DM)胰岛胰岛α细胞胰岛素抵抗的影响。方法:152例初诊T2DM分为正常体重组53例,超重组52例,肥胖组47例,给予口服西格列汀二甲双胍12周后评价三组胰岛α细胞胰岛素抵抗。结果:治疗后超重组及肥胖组胰高血糖素曲线下面积(Gg-AUCi)较治疗前明显下降(P0.05),且超重及肥胖组Gg-AUCI较正常体重组下降明显(P0.05);超重组及肥胖组胰岛素抵抗指数(Hoam-IR)较治疗前明显下降(P0.05),且超重及肥胖组Hoam-IR较正常体重组下降明显(P0.05)。结论:西格列汀二甲双胍可改善超重及肥胖患者胰岛α、β细胞胰岛素抵抗。     

艾塞那肽与西格列汀治疗2型糖尿病疗效比较

目的 比较二甲双胍分别联合艾塞那肽或磷酸西格列汀治疗二甲双胍单药治疗血糖控制不佳的2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者的近期疗效和安全性.方法 选取2013年12月至2015年11月海南医学院第一附属医院收治的140例二甲双胍单药治疗血糖控制不佳的T2DM患者,按随机数表法分为艾塞那肽组和西格列汀组,每组70例,其中艾塞那肽组接受二甲双胍联合艾塞那肽治疗,西格列汀组接受二甲双胍联合磷酸西格列汀治疗,疗程均2个月.比较分析两组患者的临床疗效及安全性.结果 经治疗后,两组患者的收缩压、舒张压、体质量(BMI)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、纤维蛋白原(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 hPG)均较治疗前明显下降,而艾塞那肽组患者的下降幅度明显高于西格列汀组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);艾塞那肽组患者经治疗后血糖达标时间为(8.4±1.6)d,明显短于西格列汀组的(13.2±2.8)d,血糖达标率为100％,明显高于西格列汀组的87.1％,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).艾塞那肽组患者的主要不良反应为胃肠道反应,发生率为8.57％,其中恶心3例、呕吐2例和腹泻1例;西格列汀组的主要不良反应为咳嗽2例、腹泻1例和鼻塞1例,发生率为5.71％,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者均无严重低血糖发生.结论 二甲双胍分别与艾塞那肽和西格列汀联合应用于2型糖尿病的治疗均能有效控制T2DM患者血糖和降低HbA1c水平,安全性均较高,但艾塞那肽的疗效更显著.     

艾塞那肽联合二甲双胍治疗口服降糖药控制不佳的2型糖尿病疗效观察

目的 观察艾塞那肽联合二甲双胍治疗对口服降糖药(OAD)控制不佳的2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者的临床疗效.方法 31例既往使用OAD控制不佳的T2DM患者,改用艾塞那肽联合二甲双胍治疗3个月,观察治疗前后空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2h血糖(2hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、体重、体质指数(BMI)、C-肽(空腹及餐后2h)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)的变化.结果 治疗后FPG、2hPG、HbA1c、体重、BMI、TC、TG、LDL-C均有明显下降(P均＜0.01).C-肽(空腹及餐后2h)未发现明显变化(P＞0.05).低血糖发生率为3.23％.结论 艾塞那肽联合二甲双胍能有效地控制T2DM患者的血糖,减轻体重,且发生低血糖的风险低.     

二甲双胍及甘精胰岛素联合利拉鲁肽治疗2型糖尿病疗效观察

目的观察探讨二甲双胍及甘精胰岛素基础上联合利拉鲁肽对2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者的疗效和安全性。方法选取我医院超重或肥胖,应用二甲双胍及甘精胰岛素治疗血糖控制不佳的2型糖尿病患者联合利拉鲁肽,观察比较治疗前后的空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2h血糖(2hPBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)、体重指数(BMI)、联合用药影响、不良反应及低血糖发生事件。结果治疗后的FBG、2hPBG、HbA1C、BMI与治疗前比较均明显降低(P<0.01),具有统计学意义;治疗期间出现不良反应于短期内完全缓解;无患者出现低血糖事件。结论利拉鲁肽可有效控制血糖,减轻体重,不良反应轻,极少发生低血糖事件,是一种安全可靠、有效的治疗T2DM的药物。     

聚乙二醇洛塞那肽联合二甲双胍对2型糖尿病患者的临床疗效

目的:比较聚乙二醇洛塞那肽联合二甲双胍与多种口服药或联合胰岛素的降糖方案对2型糖尿病的临床疗效.方法:将124例2型糖尿病患者随机分为实验组(聚乙二醇洛塞那肽-0.2mg联合二甲双胍)和对照组(多种口服降糖药或口服药联合胰岛素),每组各62例.分别于入组时、治疗后4周、12周及36周随访患者血糖指标、体重指数(BMI)、腰围、血脂及不良反应情况.结果:治疗4周后,实验组的餐后2 h血糖(2 h PPG)、甘油三酯(TG)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)低于对照组(P<0.05).治疗12周及36周后,实验组的糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)、空腹血糖(FPG)、2 h PPG、BMI、腰围、TG、TC和LDL-C低于对照组(P<0.05).结论:聚乙二醇洛塞那肽联合二甲双胍可安全有效降低2型糖尿病患者的血糖,减轻体重,改善血脂谱.     

艾塞那肽与预混胰岛素治疗2型糖尿病患者的疗效比较

目的探讨艾塞那肽与预混胰岛素治疗2型糖尿病的疗效。方法选择医院2型糖尿病患者148例,随机分为艾塞那肽加二甲双胍组(A组)70例、预混胰岛素加二甲双胍组(B组)78例,测治疗前后6个月体重、空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(P2hBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C、LDL-C)。结果两组FBG、P2hBG、HbA1c均较治疗前有所下降,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A组体重、BMI较治疗前下降,而B组较治疗前上升(P<0.05)。两组TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C治疗前后及组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),A组低血糖发生较B组少(P<0.05)。结论艾塞那肽联合二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病临床疗效较好,低血糖少。     

艾塞那肽治疗2型糖尿病临床观察

目的观察艾塞那肽治疗2型糖尿病的临床疗效及安全性。方法选择口服二甲双胍和(或)磺脲类药物血糖控制不佳的2型糖尿病患者24例,加用艾塞那肽治疗6个月,监测患者FBG、2hPBG、HbA1c及体重变化。结果与治疗前比较,治疗6个月后患者FBG、2hBG、HbA1c及体重均显著下降(P<0.05),低血糖发生率低。结论艾塞那肽能有效控制2型糖尿病患者血糖,减轻体重,低血糖发生率低,临床使用安全、有效。     

利拉鲁肽联合二甲双胍治疗初发肥胖2型糖尿病临床疗效观察

目的:观察利拉鲁肽联合二甲双胍治疗初发肥胖2型糖尿病的临床疗效。方法:选择诊断为初发肥胖2型糖尿病的患者80例,给予利拉鲁肽联合二甲双胍治疗,疗程24周。观察并比较患者治疗前和治疗12周、24周的体重指数(BMI)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 hBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)。结果:治疗12周、24周时,患者BMI、HOMA-IR、FBG、2 hBG、HbAlc均低于治疗前(P<0.05)。结论:利拉鲁肽联合二甲双胍治疗初发肥胖2型糖尿病降糖作用显著,并且具有耐受性良好,减轻体重作用明显,低血糖发生率等优势。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.