高重叠率下弹性成像应变估计值的小波去噪研究

目的 高的数据窗重叠率是提高弹性成像轴向分辨率的必要条件,但重叠率的增加会使位移估计的相关误差急剧增长,产生所谓的"蠕虫"噪声.本研究使用小波收缩法去除高重叠率下弹性图像蠕虫噪声.方法 对每一条轴向应变A-line先进行3级离散小波分解,然后根据4种自适应阈值之一使用软阈值函数对每一层小波高频系数进行量化,最后进行小波...     

使用二维小波收缩法去除弹性成像蠕虫噪声

本文研究使用二维小波收缩去噪法去除弹性成像过程中产生的蠕虫噪声。先使用Sym8小波函数对含有蠕虫噪声的应变估计值矩阵进行3级二维离散小波分解,并使用Birg-éMassart算法获取二维小波变换的域值;然后分别使用硬域值函数和软域值函数对各尺度的水平方向、垂直方向、对角方向的高频系数进行量化;最后将第3层低频系数和各层被量化后的高频系数进行二维小波重构产生去噪后的弹性图像。仿真结果显示,提出的技术有效去除了弹性成像的蠕虫噪声,增强了弹性图像的信噪比(SNRe)和对比度噪声比(CNRe),提高了弹性图像与理想弹性图的相关系数(е);与二维低通滤波去噪法相比,使用二维小波收缩法产生的弹性图像有更高的SNRe和CNRe,能更清晰地显示硬物边界。同时,仿真结果也表明该技术对不同应变量的弹性图像的蠕虫噪声均能有效抑制。本研究表明二维小波收缩去噪法能有效去除弹性图像的蠕虫噪声并提高弹性图像性能。     

基于小波软阈值滤波的医学图像去噪

目的:为了更好的去除DR医学图像噪声.方法:通过分析其噪声来源,在小波去噪的基础上进行改进.引入方差不变性变换来调整原始图像的噪声模型为高斯噪声模型.图像分解为不同频率的不同子带的小波系数,分别进行不同阈值的滤波.结果:与普通的全局小波去噪方法相比,该方法不但可以保留图像的边缘信息,而且能提高去噪后图像的峰值信噪比.结论:用此方法处理DR图像在噪声去除、细节质量及骨骼锐化等方面比传统的高斯滤波及小波全局阈值滤波等方法效果要好.     

一种基于模糊均差和小波变换的医学图像去噪方法

小波阈值萎缩法能够有效地去除图像中的噪声,去噪阈值直接影响去噪的效果,而噪声标准差在去噪阈值的确定中起着至关重要的作用。针对医学图像的特点、基于寻找更合适的噪声标准差估计方法,本研究提出了一种新的利用模糊均差代替普通标准方差估计噪声标准差的方法。在各层小波分解的低频图像中利用模糊积分估计噪声标准差,然后确定每一层去噪阈值,进行图像去噪。试验结果表明,本研究算法在去除噪声的同时也较好地保持了图像的细节。     

医学设备远程监控图像变换尺度精准去噪方法

目的 为了提高医学设备远程监控图像的去噪效果,针对去噪准确度较差和去噪时间较长的问题,设计一种医学设备远程监控图像变换尺度精准去噪方法。方法 首先建立噪声的变化曲线模型,评估出噪声高等级区域进行针对性的降噪;然后采用小波算法去除图像冗余像素点,引入变换尺度阈值,优化医学设备远程监控图像去噪过程;最后采用去除模糊边缘法分割未成像图片,二次提取模糊图像中的主要像素,实现医学设备远程监控图像变换尺度精准去噪。结果 信息熵值高于21 H,处理过的图像较为清晰,图像信噪比高于21 dB,去噪时间低于4 min。结论 针对医学设备远程监控图像中具有多尺度特征的噪声,采用图像变换尺度精准去噪方法可以有效去除噪声,满足医学领域的实际去噪需求。     

改进阈值的小波空域相关去噪法在荧光信号处理中的应用

为了去除荧光免疫层析检测中荧光信号的噪声,保留信号的细节信息,提出一种改进阈值的小波空域相关去噪算法。该算法将基于小波变换的空域相关去噪法和软阈值去噪法相结合,根据小波系数相关性的不同和平滑消去阈值法的思想,改进了软阈值去噪法的阈值变量和阈值函数。结果表明,该方法突出了信号边缘,能够有效地去除荧光信号的噪声,去噪后的信号光滑连续,且保留了信号峰的相关细节信息。     

基于贝叶斯粗糙集的肺部肿瘤CT图像抗噪算法设计

贝叶斯粗糙集处理噪声数据能力强,分类肺部肿瘤CT图像结果准确,为图像去噪提供精准的图像分类结果。基于此,设计基于贝叶斯粗糙集的肺部肿瘤CT图像抗噪算法,基于贝叶斯粗糙集分类模型进行肺部CT图像分类,约简贝叶斯粗糙集属性和决策规则,基于决策规则预测肺部CT图像类别;对存在肿瘤的CT图像噪声小波系数构建拉普拉斯数学模型,基于贝叶斯最大后验概率估计小波系数概率密度,计算噪声方差和子代小波系数标准差,使去噪算法具备自适应性;基于小波系数的概率密度得到最大后验(maximum a posteriori,MAP)估计值,对该值做小波反变换,实现肺部肿瘤CT图像自适应去噪。结果表明,该算法去除肺部肿瘤CT图像噪声效果好,抗噪能力强,较好保留图像细节特征,视觉效果佳。     

小波变换的阈值选取及其在细胞图像去噪中的应用

阈值的选择是小波去噪的关键技术之一,但软硬阈值各有其缺陷.本文分析了自适应阈值的优点,进而提出逐点噪声方差法在去噪方面有更强的优势.仿真结果表明:采用自适应闭值并结合具有更强自适应性的逐点噪声方差法不仅能提高医学图像的峰值信噪比,还能有效地降低由传统阈值所带来的方块效应.     

基于Bayesian估计的小波自适应阈值方法对图像进行去噪处理的研究

利用Bayesian估计的小波自适应阈值方法对图像进行去噪处理。通过高斯滤波和小波变换的三种方法(传统的硬阈值、传统的软阈值去噪、基于Bayesian估计的自适应阈值去噪)分别同时对加不同标准差σ的Rician噪声信号进行消噪处理,对比验证高斯滤波和传统小波阈值去噪的优劣,以及新的Bayesian估计自适应阈值小波去噪在磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)图像信号去噪方面的优越性。小波去噪后的信号信噪比比高斯滤波去噪后信号的信噪比高,且均方根误差要低。采用基于Bayesian估计的自适应阈值小波去噪方法比采用的高斯滤波保留了更多有用信号,优化后的氧摄取分数(oxygen extraction fraction,OEF)值有一定程度增大,使结果更接近正电子发射型计算机断层显像(positron emission computed tomography,PET)测量金标准。成功完成信号和噪声分离优化,将一种新的基于Baysian估计的自适应小波阈值去噪应用到了功能核磁共振成像的降噪分析上,取得了不错的效果。     

基于非参数自适应密度估计理论的医学超声图像去噪方法

在小波变换域中去除图像中的噪声是近年来的研究热点之一。目前在小波域中对加性噪声的去除已经有了许多研究结果,比如Donoho等的处理方法都得到了很好的应用。但是由于超声图像噪声情况的复杂性,其对去噪的方法提出了更高的要求。为了在去除噪声的同时能够更好的保护边缘及有用的细节信息,本研究结合Birg-éMassart等提出的非参数自适应估计理论,提出一种在平稳小波变换域中对超声图像去噪的方法。实验证明,这种基于非参数自适应估计理论的超声图像去噪方法,与Donoho阈值去噪方法相比,去噪效果有所提高。     

Noise analysis and improvement of displacement vector estimation from angular displacements

Elastography or elasticity imaging techniques typically image local strains or Young's modulus variations along the insonification direction. Recently, techniques that utilize angular displacement estimates obtained from multiple angular insonification of tissue have been reported. Angular displacement estimates obtained along different angular insonification directions have been utilized for spatial-angular compounding to reduce noise artifacts in axial-strain elastograms, and for estimating the axial and lateral components of the displacement vector and the corresponding strain tensors. However, these angular strain estimation techniques were based on the assumption that noise artifacts in the displacement estimates were independent and identically distributed and that the displacement estimates could be modeled using a zero-mean normal probability density function. Independent and identically distributed random variables refer to a collection of variables that have the same probability distribution and are mutually independent. In this article, a modified least-squares approach is presented that does not make any assumption regarding the noise in the angular displacement estimates and incorporates displacement noise artifacts into the strain estimation process using a cross-correlation matrix of the displacement noise artifacts. Two methods for estimating noise artifacts from the displacement images are described. Improvements in the strain tensor (axial and lateral) estimation performance are illustrated utilizing both simulation data obtained using finite-element analysis and experimental data obtained from a tissue-mimicking phantom. Improvements in the strain estimation performance are quantified in terms of the elastographic signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios obtained with and without the incorporation of the displacement noise artifacts into the least-squares strain estimator.     

发射端频率复合弹性成像的仿真研究

目的 目前,有关频率复合技术能否提高弹性成像的信噪比以及对弹性图像性能的影响尚无文献报道,本研究对发射端频率复合技术应用于弹性成像进行了仿真研究.方法 仿真一50 mm×50 mm含2个圆形硬包容物的组织,2包容物直径均为10 mm且均匀分布在组织中轴线上,其弹性模量均为背景组织的10倍;然后仿真使用3.5,5,7.5 MHz频率探头对该组织区域分别进行准静态压缩弹性成像（组织压缩量为1%）;最后将3.5 MHz和5 MHz,3.5 MHz和7.5 MHz,3.5 MHz、5 MHz和7.5 MHz频率子图像分别进行复合.结果 复合前各子弹性图像的信噪比（SNRe）分别为8.42、9.62、10.73,对比度噪声比（CNRe）为11.35、14.82、18.37,轴向分辨率为9.83、9.82、9.81;复合后图像的信噪比分别为11.82、13.05、19.45,对比度噪声比为22.31、27.63、56.12,轴向分辨率为9.83、9.83、9.83.结论 复合后的图像比复合前各频率子图像的信噪比、对比度噪声比均有明显提高,轴向分辨率几乎没有损失;使用频率复合技术能有效改善弹性图像的性能,证实了发射端频率复合弹性成像技术的可行性.     

基于复小波域非线性扩散的超声图像去噪

超声图像易受斑点噪声的干扰,限制了其在医学诊断中的进一步应用。提出了一种将双树复小波变换(DT-CWT)与非线性扩散相结合的超声图像去噪方法。首先,对图像进行双树复小波分解;然后,高频部分和低频部分分别采用自适应对比度扩散和全变差扩散,最后重构图像。给出了实验结果,并与小波阈值收缩和全变差扩散结合的方法、基于小波和基于多小波的非线性扩散方法的图像去噪效果进行了比较。结果表明,本文提出的方法去噪效果更为优越:不但抑制噪声的能力更强,而且能够更好地保留超声图像原有的边缘和纹理特征。     

Enhanced T-ray signal classification using wavelet preprocessing

This study demonstrates the application of one-dimensional discrete wavelet transforms in the classification of T-ray pulsed signals. Fast Fourier transforms (FFTs) are used as a feature extraction tool and a Mahalanobis distance classifier is employed for classification. Soft threshold wavelet shrinkage de-noising is used and plays an important role in de-noising and reconstruction of T-ray pulsed signals. An iterative algorithm is applied to obtain three optimal frequency components and to achieve preferred classification performance.     

Accelerating Monte Carlo simulations of radiation therapy dose distributions using wavelet threshold de-noising

The Monte Carlo dose calculation method works by simulating individual energetic photons or electrons as they traverse a digital representation of the patient anatomy. However, Monte Carlo results fluctuate until a large number of particles are simulated. We propose wavelet threshold de-noising as a postprocessing step to accelerate convergence of Monte Carlo dose calculations. A sampled rough function (such as Monte Carlo noise) gives wavelet transform coefficients which are more nearly equal in amplitude than those of a sampled smooth function. Wavelet hard-threshold de-noising sets to zero those wavelet coefficients which fall below a threshold; the image is then reconstructed. We implemented the computationally efficient 9,7-biorthogonal filters in the C language. Transform results were averaged over transform origin selections to reduce artifacts. A method for selecting best threshold values is described. The algorithm requires about 336 floating point arithmetic operations per dose grid point. We applied wavelet threshold de-noising to two two-dimensional dose distributions: a dose distribution generated by 10 MeV electrons incident on a water phantom with a step-heterogeneity, and a slice from a lung heterogeneity phantom. Dose distributions were simulated using the Integrated Tiger Series Monte Carlo code. We studied threshold selection, resulting dose image smoothness, and resulting dose image accuracy as a function of the number of source particles. For both phantoms, with a suitable value of the threshold parameter, voxel-to-voxel noise was suppressed with little introduction of bias. The roughness of wavelet de-noised dose distributions (according to a Laplacian metric) was nearly independent of the number of source electrons, though the accuracy of the de-noised dose image improved with increasing numbers of source electrons. We conclude that wavelet shrinkage de-noising is a promising method for effectively accelerating Monte Carlo dose calculations by factors of 2 or more.     

基于小波层间相关性的中医诊断图像去噪方法的研究

中医四诊即望、闻、问、切，是中医用于诊断疾病的四个基本方法，它们是中医正确辨证和有效治疗的前提。对中医诊断图像进行去噪可以提高医学图像的信息利用率，小波变换是目前最新的时频分析工具，是中医诊断图像去噪的强有力处理工具。本文提出了一种基于小波层间相关性的中医诊断图像去噪方法，实验证明，该去噪方法能有效去除中医诊断图像中的噪声。     

Wavelet-based de-noising algorithm for images acquired with parallel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Wavelet-based de-noising has been shown to improve image signal-to-noise ratio in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) while maintaining spatial resolution. Wavelet-based de-noising techniques typically implemented in MRI require that noise displays uniform spatial distribution. However, images acquired with parallel MRI have spatially varying noise levels. In this work, a new algorithm for filtering images with parallel MRI is presented. The proposed algorithm extracts the edges from the original image and then generates a noise map from the wavelet coefficients at finer scales. The noise map is zeroed at locations where edges have been detected and directional analysis is also used to calculate noise in regions of low-contrast edges that may not have been detected. The new methodology was applied on phantom and brain images and compared with other applicable de-noising techniques. The performance of the proposed algorithm was shown to be comparable with other techniques in central areas of the images, where noise levels are high. In addition, finer details and edges were maintained in peripheral areas, where noise levels are low. The proposed methodology is fully automated and can be applied on final reconstructed images without requiring sensitivity profiles or noise matrices of the receiver coils, therefore making it suitable for implementation in a clinical MRI setting.     

Assessing image quality in effective Poisson's ratio elastography and poroelastography: I

The quality of strain estimates in elastography is typically quantified by several quality factors such as the elastographic signal-to-noise ratio, the elastographic contrast-to-noise ratio and the spatial axial and lateral resolutions. While theoretical and simulation works have led to established upper bounds of these image quality factors in axial strain elastography, the performance limitations of lateral strain elastography, effective Poisson's ratio elastography and poroelastography are still not well understood. In this paper, we investigate the theoretical upper bounds of image quality of effective Poisson's ratio elastography starting from an analysis of the performance limitations of axial strain and lateral strain elastography. In the companion paper, we extend our investigation to the theoretical upper bounds of image quality of poroelastography. In both these papers, we also analyse the application of techniques that can be used to improve the performance of these poroelastographic techniques under various experimental conditions.