休克患者有创血压与无创血压监测的对比与分析

为了探讨休克患者有创血压，无创血压二者间的关系，本文收集了８３名休克患者３８４次的测压对比与分析，结果表明：休克患者创血的的收缩压，舒张压，脉压差的均低于无创血压的各项值。     

40例休克患者应用有创血压与无创血压监测的比较

目的探讨休克患者有创血压与无创血压监测值的差异。方法采用自身对照的方法对ICU40例休克患者进行24h有创血压和无创血压的监测比较,每位患者选择桡动脉穿刺行直接动脉血压连续监测,每5min记录1次,同时同侧肱动脉每5min进行无创血压测定1次,分别记录两种方法的测量值,所得数据进行统计学分析。结果休克患者的有创血压值低于无创血压值。结论对休克患者临床抢救和治疗用药时应考虑有创与无创血压监测值的差值,尽可能采用有创测压。     

休克早期患者有创和无创血压监测的比较

目的对休克早期患者的有创和无创血压监测值进行对比分析,探讨休克患者血压监测的最佳方法。方法对56例休克早期患者选择同侧肢体动脉进行有创和无创血压监测,将所得数据进行统计分析。结果休克早期患者在早期(48 h内)有创血压明显低于无创血压,其差异有显著性意义,在后期(48 h后)两者无显著差异。结论休克早期患者,在早期(48 h)应采用有创血压监测,以提供更准确的依据,在后期(48 h后)可以用无创血压监测代替有创血压监测。     

休克患者有创血压与无创血压监测的对比与分析

为了探讨休克患者有创血压、无创血压二者间的关系，本文收集了８３名休克患者３８４次的测压对比与分析。结果表明：休克患者有创血压的收缩压、舒张压、脉压差均低于无创血压的各项值。     

休克患者股动脉和桡动脉监测有创血压的比较

目的 比较桡动脉和股动脉的平均动脉压在休克患者中是否可以互相替代以及血管活性药物对监测的影响.方法 选取67例有临床指征需行有创动脉压监测的休克患者,分为高剂量血管活性药组和低剂量血管活性药组.同时经股动脉和桡动脉进行有创动脉压监测并记录.结果 桡动脉平均动脉压比股动脉高（3±4）mm Hg,组间比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 股动脉和桡动脉测量平均动脉压的数据可以互换.即使是接受大剂量血管活性药物的危重患者,进行股动脉穿刺并非是必需的.     

休克早期患者有创血压监测的临床应用

目的：研究有创血压监测在休克早期患者救治过程中的应用。方法选取2011年10月至2012年10月该院救治的早期休克患者40例,所有患者均选择同侧上肢动脉分别进行有创血压（IBP ）监测和无创血压（NBP）监测,比较两种方法在早期休克患者救治中的效果。结果 IBP监测在0 h、6 h和12 h所得的收缩压和舒张压均显著低于NBP监测所得的结果,差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论 IBP作为一种持续的血压监测方法,准确度非常高,监测过程中很少受到外界因素的影响,并且可以随时获取血压,还可以取动脉血进行血气分析,对于及时调整患者的治疗方案非常有帮助,能极大地提高危重患者的抢救成功率,在休克患者的血压监测中应作为首选的方法。     

有创血压监测的研究进展

近年来有创血压监测在危重症领域得到了广泛的应用，很多专家对此进行了大量的研究并取得了很大的进展，本文就此作一综述。     

有创血压监测值与无创血压监测值相关性分析

目的 探讨有创血压监测值与无创血压监测值之间的线性关系,为临床血压监测提供参考.方法 选取ICU监测无创血压与有创血压的患者32例,采取自身对照的方法,同时监测患者有创血压及无创血压值,采集数据资料进行比较,并进行线性关系分析.结果 采集有效数据98对,所得数据有创血压收缩压及舒张压值分别为(146.93±21.426),(71.32±13.152) mm Hg,均高于无创血压值的(124.02±19.417),(68.86±15.251)mmHg,差异均有统计学意义(t分别为15.301,3.363;P＜0.05);有创血压与无创血压存在线性关系(r =0.880,P＜0.05).结论 有创血压与无创血压所得监测值之间有差异,不可相互替代,可使用无创血压监测值推导计算有创血压监测值.     

人工机械瓣置换术后有创血压与无创血压监测的对照研究

目的探讨人工机械瓣置换术后有创动脉血压（ABP）与无创动脉血压（NBP）测量值的差异。方法对40例机械瓣置换术后24h患者进行有创和无创动脉血压监测比较,并对结果进行t检验。结果有创和无创动脉血压在术后早期（12h内）比较差异显著,12h以后比较无显著差异。结论机械瓣置换术后早期的有创血压与实际血压值有一定误差,采用有创血压监测,能更准确的反映血压的真实值,心内直视手术12h以后可以用无创血压监测替代有创血压监测。     

Non-invasive vs. invasive beat-to-beat monitoring of blood pressure

Summary. The present study focuses on the accuracy in tracing fast beat-to-beat changes in blood pressure using a non-invasive technique. The measurements using a commercially available apparatus (Finapres, Ohmeda, USA) were compared to ipsilateral intra-arterial radial pressure. Eight patients were studied at rest, during deep breathing with a fixed rate of 6 breaths min^-1, and during an exercise test on an ergometer cycle. A total of 900 systolic pressure values were included for statistical evaluation, covering a pressure range of 86–266 mmHg. On average the systolic correlation coefficient for the whole material was 0.97, with a range of 0.94–0.996. For mean pressure the correlation coefficient was on average 0.97, and for diastolic pressure 0.93. No systematic difference between the non-invasive and the invasive method was found, although for each individual patient a difference between direct and indirect measured blood pressure existed that could be relatively large (systolic pressure: average difference = 0.8 mmHg, SD = 16 mmHg). We found the method easy to handle and consider it excellently suited to track relative changes in blood pressure.     

严重烧伤患者实施有创动脉血压监测

目的：为实施烧伤休克期液体复苏多指标监测，创造条件进行有创血压监测，并观察其临床应用的可行性及实用价值。方法：选择19例特重、4例重度烧伤患者桡动脉15次、足背动脉12次、股动脉3次、肱动脉5次，进行动脉穿刺、测压。通过观察动脉搏动波形及血压数值，对患者血压实行动态监护，并与同体无创血压对比。结果：有创血压的监测可连续监测血压数值及变化。有创动脉压较无创血压高5～20mmHg，但与无创血压的变化同步，相关性较好。结论：有创动脉压监测因可显示动脉波形和数值的动态变化，能及时发现患者的病情变化，灵敏度大于无创血压监测，在严重烧伤患者监测中具有重要的意义。     

Validation of a noninvasive blood pressure monitoring device in normotensive and hypertensive pediatric intensive care patients

Objective. To evaluate the performance and to define limitations of a noninvasive blood pressure monitoring device in the critically ill pediatric population. Method. Patients were included in the study if they were admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, were between the ages of 1 month and 18 years with wrist circumferences of ≥ 10 cm, and had an indwelling arterial line. Patients were excluded if their systolic blood pressure differed by ≥ 7.5% between their upper extremities. The measurements were collected simultaneously with those from an arterial line by a computer interfaced with the noninvasive blood pressure monitoring system and the patient’s monitor. Heart rates were calculated from the recorded pulse waveforms of the arterial lines. Comparison analyses were performed via bias and precision plots of the blood pressure and heart rate data in addition to calculation of Pearson’s correlation coefficients and concordance correlation coefficients. As a nonparametric method of comparison, the proportion of measurements that differed by greater than 10% was calculated. Results. Blood pressures and heart rates of 20 patients between the ages of 12 months and 17 years were monitored by a noninvasive blood pressure monitor for 30 min per patient. This data collection resulted in 2015 data points for each blood pressure and heart rate for comparison of methods. Concordance correlation coefficients were the following: systolic blood pressure, 0.93; diastolic blood pressure, 0.93; mean blood pressure, 0.94; and heart rate, 0.85. Conclusions. The noninvasive blood pressure monitor is capable of producing an accurate blood pressure measurement every 12–15 heartbeats in addition to providing a pulse waveform and digital display of the heart rate. Our study showed good agreement between the methods in the normotensive and hypertensive critically ill pediatric population with a wrist circumference limitation defined at ≥ 11 cm. Study performed at Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, AR, USA. Information presented at 2002 Biomedical Engineering Society Annual Fall Meeting, Houston, TX, October 26, 2002. Wankum PC, Thurman TL, Holt SJ, Hall RA, Simpson PM, Heulitt MJ. Validation of a noninvasive blood pressure monitoring device in normotensive and hypertensive pediatric intensive care patients.     

大面积烧伤病人应用有创动脉血压监测的护理

目的总结大面积烧伤病人应用有创动脉血压监测与并发症的护理。方法对2007年1月～2008年11月大面积烧伤病人在休克期、麻醉、手术中及术后监测、重症抢救治疗过程中应用动脉穿刺置管,连接压力换能器进行有创动脉血压监测。结果本组病例在进行有创动脉血压监测过程中未出现脱管、堵塞,无感染、血栓、气栓、血肿、肢体远端局部坏死等并发症。结论大面积烧伤病人在休克期、麻醉手术、术后监测及重症抢救治疗中,应用有创动脉血压监测能及时、连续、准确可靠地反映患者的血流动力学情况,为指导休克期补液、抢救治疗及在手术过程中提供有效、及时、准确的动态血压信息。     

A comparison of differential oscillometric device with invasive mean arterial blood pressure monitoring in intensive care patients

Non‐invasive beat‐to‐beat mean arterial pressure (MAP) in finger arteries recorded by the differential oscillometric device was compared with MAP recorded invasively from A. radialis in 22 patients after cardiac surgery. Based on all 132 paired measurements, the MAP values measured at the radial artery were 2.7 ± 4.9 mmHg higher than those measured on fingers. Among 22 patients there were 8 patients receiving inotropic support, their difference being 2.1 ± 5.6 mmHg. The present study revealed that the mean discrepancy between the invasive radial pressure and finger pressure was small; however, patient data sets showed marked variability in average pressure differences when examined individually.     

社区高血压患者血压计持有及测量情况的调查分析

目的 通过对社区高血压患者的调查,了解高血压患者的血压计持有状况、家庭自测基本要求的掌握情况,为实施有针对性的护理干预提供依据.方法 对符合入选标准的社区高血压患者300例,应用自制的<高血压患者家庭自测血压基本要求调查表>进行调查分析.结果 在调查的300例高血压患者中,自己拥有血压计的有162例,血压计的持有率达54.0%.持有血压计的162例患者中,会定期检测电子血压计性能、准确性的占14.6%;测血压前至少休息5 min的占53.7%;袖带与心脏保持在同一水平的占84.5%;坐背椅坐位、测血压不讲话、不活动肢体保持安静的占83.3%;每次测血压3次,取其平均值为本次血压值的只占14.8%;贮存血压值或真实记录血压数值的占8.0%;只有13.5%的患者每天或几乎每天测量血压.结论 高血压患者血压计使用率低,对自测血压基本要求的掌握情况有待进一步的提高.     

直接血压与间接血压相关性的影响因素与假性高血压的关系

目的探讨直接血压与间接血压的相关性及其影响因素与假性高血压的关系.方法 208例临床需要行冠状动脉造影的患者,男150例,女58例,平均年龄(60.2±10.9)岁.在动脉穿刺成功后冠状动脉造影前同步测量直接血压和间接血压各3次,取平均值,造影结果由2位以上专家判断并记录.根据冠状动脉造影结果分为2组,冠状动脉正常组(104例)和冠心病组(104例).根据有无高血压病分为正常血压组(95例)和高血压病组(113例).并测量身高、体质量、臂围(AC)、腰围(WC)、臀围(HC),计算体质量指数(BMI)、腰围/臀围(WHR)、腰围/身高(WHtR)、平均血压(MBP)、直接与间接收缩压(SBP)差值(S-S)和直接与间接舒张压(DBP)差值(D-D).结果①直接血压与间接血压明显相关,SBP、MBP、DBP相关系数分别为0.88、0.76、0.58(P＜0.01).②高血压病组、冠心病组、女性直接SBP与间接SBP相关性好,而直接DBP与间接DBP相关性较差, SBP、MBP、DBP相关系数分别为0.52、0.48、0.49(P＜0.01).③直接血压总体上高于间接血压,S-S:-39～40 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),(6.35±12.50) mm Hg;D-D:-47～55 mm Hg,(5.63±11.17) mm Hg. S-S≤-10 mm Hg组与S-S＞-10 mm Hg组,S-S≤-10 mm Hg组的 AC、WC、HC、WHR、WHtR、BMI和年龄是更高的,仅BMI差别有统计学意义(P＜0.05).D-D ≤-10 mm Hg组与D-D＞-10 mm Hg比较,D-D ≤-10 mm Hg组 AC,WC,HC,WHR,WHtR 和BMI是更高的,仅AC差别有统计学意义(P＜0.05).分析AC与直接间接SBP、DBP的差值的关系发现:冠心病组AC与D-D相关,相关系数为0.27(P＜0.01).高血压组S-S与AC相关,相关系数为-0.22(P＜0.05).结论①直接血压与间接血压有明显相关性,其中SBP相关性最好,MBP次之,DBP最差(尤其是高血压病组、冠心病组和女性组);②AC是影响直接与间接血压测量值差值的重要因素,冠心病组AC影响DBP,而高血压病组AC影响SBP;③BMI高和AC大者易高估间接血压而出现假性高血压的情况.     

人工机械瓣置换术后有创血压与无创血压监测的对照研究

目的 探讨人工机械瓣置换术后有创动脉血压(ABP)与无创动脉血压(NBP)测量值的差异.方法 对40例机械瓣置换术后24 h患者进行有创和无创动脉血压监测比较,并对结果 进行t检验.结果 有创和无创动脉血压在术后早期(12 h内)比较差异显著,12 h以后比较无显著差异.结论 机械瓣置换术后早期的有创血压与实际血压值有一定误差,采用有创血压监测,能更准确的反映血压的真实值,心内直视手术12 h以后可以用无创血压监测替代有创血压监测.