简述青光眼合并白内障的手术治疗策略

青光眼合并白内障是眼科临床上常见的一类疾病,如何能有效控制眼压同时又提高视力是此类手术的重点。青光眼合并白内障有单独手术、分阶段手术及联合手术3种治疗原则,现在随着眼科显微手术技术的研究和发展,采用青光眼、白内障联合手术一次治愈两种疾病已得到较广泛的应用。合并原发性闭角型青光眼（PACG）的患者中青光眼手术也可能会加速白内障的进展。因此,在面对青光眼舍并白内障的患者时,如何选择合适的治疗方案,达到既控制眼压又解决白内障的理想效果,是临床眼科医师亟待探索的重要问题。联合手术既有效控制眼压,又能复明,使患者避免分次手术带来的痛苦和麻烦,同时还减轻了患者的经济负担。     

基层单位控制学术会议差旅费的办法

为能相对合理地控制好学术会议的差旅费,我院由医务处制订出《关于合理使用卫生专业人员训练差旅费的规定》,本着既勤俭节约,又充分调动医务人员积极性的原则,变以往单纯由机关统一管理为机关与     

构建“心脑共用、口手并重”的四轮递进实践教学体系的研究与实践

我校护理专业实践教学以技能培养为核心,按照能力逐级递进原则,校院合作,共同构建"心脑共用、口手并重"的四轮递进实践教学体系,即认知见习、校内实训、课间见习及顶岗实习,培养护生既具有良好的职业道德,又具有规范的职业行为;既具有一口清的沟通能力,又具有一手精的操作技能。     

建立与完善医院财务管理新机制

解放军第一五○中心医院为适应医院发展的需求,医院及时成立了财务中心,并在实践中逐步建立和完善了充满生机与活力的财务管理体制。负责合资项目筹建与管理的财务二科,根据投资部门多、资金数量大、各合资项目独立经营性强等特点,实行“统一领导,一级核算,二级管理”的原则,在医院党委的统一领导下,既将合资项目集中进行核算,又放权各项目进行自主经营管理,贯彻责、权、利相结合的指导方针;既在总体上进行控制,又扩大各项目的自主管理权,成本与效益挂钩,效益与奖励挂钩,调动了各项目科室全体人员的主观能动性,增强了员工的主人翁责任感。     

2006-2011年辽宁省疾控工作规范化建设试点调研

<正>2005年起,辽宁省卫生厅为提高全省疾病预防控制机构的工作水平和应对突发性公共卫生事件的应急能力,加强全省疾病预防控制队伍的思想、作风、制度等方面的建设,探索出既符合国家有关法律法规和标准,又适应辽宁特点的疾病预防控制工作规范化建设的工作体系,在全省范围内开展疾病预防控制工作规范化建设试点工作。目标是建立一系列合理的技术规范     

不可不知的膳食10原则

<正>现代医学研究发现,有许多疾病与我们的饮食习惯有着密切的关系。那么,怎样的膳食方式才能既合理补充营养,又对身体有益而无害呢?请看专家列出的10条膳食原则:     

创建疾控业务档案分级管理的实践与体会

福建省疾病预防控制中心是全省疾病预防控制、卫生检验和健康教育的技术指导中心，在开展疾病控制、卫生检测、科研、教学及健康教育等业务活动中，形成了大量的业务技术档案。我们创建了业务技术档案两级管理模式，在中心的领导下，由档案室统一进行业务指导，实行统一的标准和程序，将业务技术档案分中心、科室两级管理。实践证明这既符合档案工作的基本原则又能满足疾病预防控制业务开展的需要，为中心业务工作的开展发挥了重要的作用。     

转变教学观念适应五年一贯制护理专业的病理教学

在五年一贯制护理专业的病理学教学过程中,笔者感到,疾病的治疗原则要逐渐向护理原则转变,病理学教师有必要了解和熟悉一些<护理学>、<内科护理学>方面的相关内容;要淡化病理教学中的"博大精深"观念,以必需够用为度,既兼顾到病理学基础理论系统性教学,又兼顾到强化临床应用为其重点;要转变片面追求统、会考及格率,而忽视知识灵活运用的错误观念.     

介绍疾病预防控制机构业务档案两级管理的体会

疾病预防控制中心在开展疾病控制、科研及健康教育等业务活动中,形成了大量的业务技术档案。对这部分构成疾控中心档案主体的业务档案采取分级管理的方法,本人认为这样既符合档案工作基本原则,又能满足疾病预防控制中心业务开展的需要。1疾病预防控制档案两级管理的原则1·1将疾病预防控制业务档案纳入中心档案工作管理体系:由中心档案室负责具体组织实施。1·2将业务档案分为中心、科室两级:对业务活动中形成的大量疾病防治、监测档案分别为中心业务档案和科级业务档案两个层次。1·3中心业务档案管理:凡划归中心管理的业务档案,档案员负责…     

浅谈卫生行政控制与证据先行登记保存的正确运用

卫生行政控制与证据先行登记保存是卫生行政执法活动中运用的一种行政手段，两者之间既有相同之处，又有不同的区分。如果对其理解和掌握不当，很容易将其t昆淆，甚至在实际工作运用中出现错误和偏差，导致执法工作中的被动。怎样才能正确理解和掌握卫生行政控制与证据保存的基本原则，使得两种手段能在实际工作中得到正确运用。笔者根据多年的执法实践，现谈一谈认识、看法与体会。     

基于阴性对照理论的未测量混杂因素控制方法

非随机对照研究中未测量混杂因素的控制极具挑战。阴性对照理论基于“阴性对照的检测结果必须阴性”的思想，在进行人群研究时，额外设置合适的阴性对照，将关联特异度的思想融入人群研究中进行未测量混杂因素的识别和控制。本文从统计学角度解析阴性对照理论控制未测量混杂因素的基本原理，详细介绍基于阴性对照理论的系列衍生方法：死亡率标准化校正法、校正P值法、广义双重差分模型以及双向阴性对照法，并结合代表性案例对其合理应用进行述评。阴性对照是识别、校正和控制未测量混杂因素的重要统计设计思想，是基于现实世界数据开展实效比较研究的重要方法。     

中国控烟政策变迁：基于支持联盟框架的分析

中国控烟政策经历了30余年的变迁,控烟成效微弱。本文利用支持联盟框架分析了中国控烟政策变迁机制,认为控烟政策是支持控烟联盟和反对控烟联盟冲突、妥协的产物。控烟政策变迁主要发生在表层信仰层面,政策核心信仰冲突严重,难以调和;外部事件在推动中国控烟政策变迁中起到了重要的作用,但当前的控烟政策只是象征性的政策,不能产生实质性的控烟效果。应当从政策核心信仰层面入手,通过寻求高层支持,自上而下推行控烟;加快控烟立法;重组控烟履约工作小组;加强舆论宣传,扩大支持控烟联盟影响力等途径推进控烟政策变迁。     

Genetic control of insects of public health importance

During recent years many advances have been made in the development of insect control by genetic manipulation. These methods include the sterile-male technique, now well known, which depends on ionizing radiation or chemosterilization. The recent field experiment carried out by WHO in Rangoon, Burma, on Culex fatigans has demonstrated that naturally occurring cytogenetic mechanisms such as cytoplasmic incompatibility can be used successfully without the use of radiations or chemosterilants. The paper not only describes the experiment on Culex fatigans but also discusses basic concepts and theoretical considerations involved in genetic control of insects of public health importance. The possibility of using genetic mechanisms for the control of other vector species is also discussed. There are a number of problems which require study before genetic control can be used on an operational scale. These problems and suggestions for future research in this field are also outlined.     

精神分裂症患者体液免疫功能测定与分析

目的了解精神分裂症患者的体液免疫功能。方法采用速率免疫散射比浊法测定210例精神分裂症患者血清IgG、IgA、IgM、补体3(C3)、补体4(C4)、总补体活性(CH50)和C反应蛋白(CRP),与健康对照组50人比较。结果精神分裂症患者IgG、IgA低于正常对照组(前者P<0.01,后者P<0.05);C3、CRP高于正常对照组(前者P<0.01,后者P<0.05);IgM、C4、CH50与对照组比较虽有差异,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论精神分裂症患者存在体液免疫功能混乱。     

Integrated disease management: arboviral infections and waterborne diarrhoea

Water-related diseases such as diarrhoeal diseases from viral, bacterial and parasitic organisms and Aedes-borne arboviral diseases are major global health problems. We believe that these two disease groups share common risk factors, namely inadequate household water management, poor sanitation and solid waste management. Where water provision is inadequate, water storage is essential. Aedes mosquitoes commonly breed in household water storage containers, which can hold water contaminated with enteric disease-causing organisms. Microbiological contamination of water between source and point-of-use is a major cause of reduced drinking-water quality. Inadequate sanitation and solid waste management increase not only risk of water contamination, but also the availability of mosquito larval habitats. In this article we discuss integrated interventions that interrupt mosquito breeding while also providing sanitary environments and clean water. Specific interventions include improving storage container design, placement and maintenance and scaling up access to piped water. Vector control can be integrated into sanitation projects that target sewers and drains to avoid accumulation of stagnant water. Better management of garbage and solid waste can reduce the availability of mosquito habitats while improving human living conditions. Our proposed integration of disease interventions is consistent with strategies promoted in several global health frameworks, such as the sustainable development goals, the global vector control response, behavioural change, and water, sanitation and hygiene initiatives. Future research should address how interventions targeting water, sanitation, hygiene and community waste disposal also benefit Aedes-borne disease control. The projected effects of climate change mean that integrated management and control strategies will become increasingly important.     

糖化血红蛋白检测系统控制软件的设计与实现

针对基于离子交换色谱法的糖化血红蛋白检测系统,提出了一种控制系统方案,并重点对其控制软件部分进行了设计与实现。控制系统采用模块化设计思想,提高了开发效率。控制软件部分给出了设计结构和关键程序,实现了数据库的连接、串行接口的通讯、数据结果的采集和曲线绘制等。经测试表明,该系统性能可靠,各项指标均能满足用户日常检测的需要。该方案的设计与实现,也为后续的嵌入式开发和其他相关仪器的研发奠定了良好的理论和实践基础。     

中低频噪声对电力生产工人健康影响的调查研究

目的　了解中低频噪声接触对电力生产工人健康的影响 ,为采取切实有效的防范措施提供依据。方法　采用现场环境噪声测试和职业性健康体检等方法进行调查研究。结果　中低频噪声接触组工人在 0 5～ 6kHz各频段的听力损伤均明显高于对照组(P <0 .0 1) ,而且 ,接噪组工人高频听力损伤、语频听力损伤检出率分别明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ,接噪组工人以头痛、头晕、失眠等症状为主的神经衰弱综合征以及耳鸣、不同程度的消化系统症状的检出率明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。中低频噪声对作业人员心血管系统的影响 ,主要表现为高血压、心电图异常检出率明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ,而且 ,心电图异常以窦性心动过缓、窦性心律不齐及心肌缺血多见 ,与对照组比较 ,差异均具有非常显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。另外 ,噪声对血脂的影响表现血清甘油三酯、胆固醇含量的增高 ,两组结果差异存在非常显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　中低频噪声接触导致作业工人听觉系统、神经系统、心血管系统、消化系统以及代谢功能的影响。     

Helping individuals to help themselves

Obesity is a serious and increasing health issue. Approximately two-thirds of adults in the UK are now overweight or obese. Recent public health reports firmly reinforce the importance of engaging individuals to look after their health, including their weight. They also spell out the need for individuals to be supported more actively, on many levels, to enable this 'engagement'. Meanwhile, national surveys indicate that approximately two-thirds of adults are concerned about weight control, with one-third actively trying to lose weight. This finding is hardly surprising considering current weight statistics, plus the plethora of popular diets on offer. Weight-loss methods include diet clubs, diet books, exercise, meal replacements, advice from healthcare professionals and following a self-styled diet. Obesity is a multi-factorial problem, and losing weight and, in particular, maintaining weight loss is difficult and often elusive. It is argued that the modern obesogenic or 'toxic' environment has essentially taken body-weight control from an instinctive 'survival' process to one that needs sustained cognitive and skill-based control. The evidence suggests that health professionals can help individuals achieve longer-term weight control by supporting them in making sustainable lifestyle changes using a range of behavioural techniques. These techniques include: assessing readiness to change; self-monitoring; realistic goal setting; dietary change; increased physical activity; stimulus control; cognitive restructuring; relapse management; establishing ongoing support. Consistently working in a client-centred way is also being increasingly advocated and incorporated into practice to help motivate and encourage, rather than hinder, the individual's progress.     

The current strategies and underlying mechanisms in the control of the vector tick,Haemaphysalis longicornis: Implications for future integrated management

The hard tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis is a blood-sucking ectoparasite native to eastern Asia, and an invasive tick species in several countries including the United States. This tick is a vector of various pathogens that are of significant veterinary and public health concern. Over the past few years, researchers have evaluated various control strategies with regard to synthetic acaricides, plant essential oils, entomopathogenic fungi, and vaccines for H. longicornis control. This review presents and discusses the various control strategies and the possible mechanisms by which they act. We also discuss challenges and recommendations for future research, with a view of providing important clues for designing an effective and environmentally acceptable control strategy for H. longicornis, which is one of the possible means of reducing tick-borne diseases and exsanguination associated with their infestation.     

The Relation between Pre-school Teachers' Classroom Experiences and their Perceived Control over'Child Behaviour

Teachers' perceived control over child behaviour was studied in a sample of 40 pre-school teachers working in 22 school preparatory classrooms with 6-year olds. The role of teachers' classroom experiences of child behaviour problems of both the externalising and the internalising type, and of the structural variables classroom size, child to adult ratio, and proportion of boys to girls in the classroom for such control was studied. A high proportion of children with externalising problems and a high proportion of boys in the classroom were the most salient aspects for teachers' perceived control. The importance of teachers' perceived control for teachers' ratings of externalising problems is also discussed.